Ni rare sana. Tatizo ni kwamba inapofanyika lazima ifikie media. Hii niruhusu niite "media effect." Yaani jambo nadra likifanyika, media inaweza kui-amplify na kufanya watu wafikiri ni jambo common. Kwa mfano, watu wengi wanafikiri kuwa polisi wa Marekani wanauwa thousands of unarmed black men in America every year. Lakini ukiangalia data, utashangaa kuwa less than 200 unarmed black people are killed by police every year despite the fact that there are millions of interactions between police and black people. So watu 5 kwa mwaka wakishika mabango wote watarushwa kwenye media kwa sababu ni jambo nadra na linashangaza. Kama lingekuwa ni jambo la kawaida basi halingekuja kwenye media. When a dog bites you, that is not news (won't be written on newspapers.) But when you bite a dog, that is news ( It will be written on newspapers.)