Reginald Mengi is Chief Executive Officer of IPP Media in Tanzania. IPP Media owns several high profile newspapers and radio station networks in Tanzania and it would be fair to say, holds a strong monopoly on media in the East African region. As Chief Executive Officer of IPP Media, Reginald Mengi is of course, ultimately accountable for its journalistic practice.
A self confessed philanthropist (as a visit to any web sire reveals) Reginald Mengi trumpets constantly his personal commitment to overcoming corruption in Tanzania and the role that the media should play in this respect. Describing investigative journalism as a weapon against abuse of power, Reginald Mengi is quoted in IPP Medias English newspaper the Guardian on 20th March 2007, that the fight against corruption needs collaboration among editors journalists and media
.to unearth corruption and scandals in the government and private sectors
as investigative journalism promotes good governance, transparency and accountability
Addressing a conference organized by the Tanzanian Christian Union of the Press in September 2006, Reginald Mengi is quoted by IPP Medias The Guardian Newspaper of 11th September 2006 to have stated
..in order to win the war against corruption, the media must distance itself from corruption
in order to build and sustain the credibility and integrity of the media, media houses should fight against corruption in their newspapers.
Good investigative journalism requires compliance with the laws of defamation. Of particular concern to IPP Media one would expect, would be the laws of Libel given it is the writer, editor and publisher of published material that is held to account in this respect. In August 26th October 2006, Roger Gale, Member of the British Parliament (Thanet North) asked, the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs what assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of the Tanzanian media empire controlled by Reginald Mengi (IPP Media) on the prospects for democracy, good governance and debt relief in Tanzania.
Since mid 2005, Benjamin Mengi, Reginald Mengis brother, has been attempting to re-gain the lease to Silverdale & Mbono Farms, in the Hai District of the Kilimanjaro region. Benjamin Mengi assigned the lease through his company Fiona Tanzania Ltd in May 2004 to Silverdale Tanzania Ltd the major shareholder of which is British investor David Stewart Middleton with Benjamin Mengi remaining a minor shareholder. The assignment was legal and transparent, in all respects having been conducted in full compliance with the laws of Tanzania.
Let us examine objectively, IPP Medias investigative and accountable journalism in respect of accusations levelled against the British investor and his commercial interests in Tanzania over the past several months by IPP Media. Given Reginald Mengis commitment to fighting corruption through the media, such an investigation must surely be welcomed by him.
On 23rd November 2005, IPP Medias The Guardian Newspaper printed an article headed Briton Charged over dud Cheque. The article accuses Mr. Middleton of issuing a dud cheque to Benjamin Mengi for $7,000. The article further states, that Mr. Middleton and Mr. Ngoja (an employee of Mr. Middletons Company) was charged with conspiracy and forging the lease agreement to Silverdale & Mbono Farms, the lease to which, Benjamin Mengi is attempting to re-gain. Had honest investigative journalism taken place, the following facts would have been revealed.
There is no such offence of issuing a bogus cheque under the Penal Code of Tanzania and the charge sheet, had it been read, would have revealed the following facts: -
Firstly, Mr. Middleton was charged with an offence under sec 384 of the penal Code. This contains the definition of Conspiracy and is therefore not a charge in itself. Secondly Mr. Middleton was charged under section 333 of the Penal Code for an offence of forgery in that he forged a lease agreement.
Section 336 of the penal Code defines the offence of forgery as follows:--
(1) An intent to defraud is presumed to exist if it appears that at the time when the false document was made there was in existence a SPECIFIC PERSON
capable of being defrauded thereby
..
The charge sheet does not state which document Mr. Middleton is accused of altering, how it is altered or who, the specific person is that has been defrauded. If, the document is the lease agreement to Silverdale & Mbono Farms (as the article tends to suggest), what IPP Media does not state is, that the lease agreement was drawn and issued to Benjamin Mengi in May 1999. In any event, one would have thought that IPP Media would have examined the charge sheet before making serious criminal allegations against Mr. Middleton and Able Ngoja. Further, one wonders why, IPP Media did not question the fact that Mr. Middleton was charged with conspiracy to commit the offence and, actually committing it. He either did it or, conspired to do it. An anomaly, IPP Media failed to point out.
Most seriously, IPP Media claimed that Mr. Middleton had been charged with issuing a fake cheque to Benjamin Mengi. The charge sheet cites section 332(c), (1) and 331 of the Penal Code. Section 332 (c) (1) of the Penal Code simply does not exist. Section 331 states as follows: -
Any person who, knowing the contents thereof, sends, delivers or utters or directly or indirectly causes to be received any letter or writing threatening to burn and destroy any house, barn or other building or any Rick or stack of grain, hay or straw or other agricultural produce, whether in or under any building or not or any vessel or to kill, maim or wound any cattle, is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for seven years
Incredulously, the charge sheet reads that section 331 has been amended by Act no. 2 of the year 1991. The Act stated to be amended in the charge sheet is not named and no amendment to the penal Code was made to section 331in 1991. In any case, it is difficult to see how it would have been amended from burning down a house or barn to uttering a bounced cheque.
The charge sheet appears on the face of it to be a manifestly fraudulent document produced by Inspector Janeth of the Moshi Police. Accountable, investigative journalism, which Reginald Mengi states he wishes to promote, would surely have revealed these facts. One wonders why they were not revealed to the public.
IPP Media did not state, that the complainant for the Republics charges was, Benjamin Mengi or, that all rights the men had under the Magistrates Court Act and the Penal Code were ignored. They were taken from the streets of Moshi by armed police and placed before a Resident Magistrate and asked to plead without being arrested, charged or given access to legal representation required by the Magistrates Court Act and penal Code.
IPP Media never reported the fact, that it was stated in the charge sheet, that, the bogus cheque which they report upon, was actually a cheque issued to Moshi Advocate Peter Jonathan which was lawfully stopped by Mr. Middleton when he discovered that on assigned of the lease to Silverdale & Mbono Farms to Mr. Middletons company Silverdale Tanzania Ltd, Benjamin Mengi had failed to pay a Tanesco account for $US8, 000 having declared on assignment that this debt had been cleared.
IPP Media never at any time reported, that the Director of Public Prosecutions withdrew all charges against the men when he had been appraised of the contents of the charge sheet and the facts of the complaints. Had IPP Media engaged in proper investigative journalism or even given the men a basic right to reply in accordance with the defamation laws of Tanzania all of the above facts were transparent.
In November 2005, Reginald Mengi requested a meeting with Mr. Middleton in the presence of former British High Commissioner to Tanzania, Andrew Pocock. At this meeting Reginald Mengi was put on notice of the defamation and stated he would personally ensure that it would cease. Had he not been aware of the situation prior to the publication he was clearly placed on notice at this point. However, on 8th December 2005, less than two weeks after Reginald Mengis assurance to the British Government and Mr. Middleton that IPP Medias defamation of the British investor would cease, IPP Medias The Guardian Newspaper printed an article headed Briton facing charges not listed as investor.
This article once again, repeats (out of context) the allegations, that Mr. Middleton had issued a fake cheque to prominent Moshi businessman Benjamin Mengi. The article also states, that a TIC official had stated that Mr. Middleton was not an approved investor. Had IPP Media engaged in accountable, investigative journalism, it would have been concluded from Mr. Ole Naiko, head of the Tanzanian Investment Centre and from Dr. Juma Ngasongwa, that Mr. Middleton was an approved investor with the full support of the Ministry of Investment and Empowerment.
On 19th January 2006, IPP Medias publications The Guardian and the Nipashe Newspapers printed an article headed Moshi Businessman takes back coffee plantation. The article states that the Kyeeri, Shari and Uswaa/Mamba Co-operative Societies had handed the lease, to Silverdale & Mbono Farms back to Benjamin Mengi. The article states that a new Board had been formed by the Societies and it was they, who had taken the decision. The article also accuses Mr. Middleton of stealing articles of equipment from Silverdale & Mbono Farms and destroying structures and uprooting coffee trees. The article also repeats (quite out of context) the fact that Mr. Middleton had been accused of issuing a fake cheque and of forging the lease to Silverdale & Mbono Farms. IPP media journalist Jackson Kimambo wrote the article.
It would appear, that no accountable, investigative journalism had taken place regarding the reporting of this story. Had there been, it would have been shown that no new Board had been formed by the C-operative Societies and indeed, Silverdale & Mbono Farms has not been handed back to Benjamin Mengi. It would also have been found that Mr. Middleton had stolen nothing from the farms and had destroyed staff housing that was unfit for human habitation and therefore dangerous. It would also have been clear, that on assignment of the lease to Silverdale Tanzania Ltd, the lease stated quite clearly, that at the time of the assignment, no sustainable coffee trees were in existence on the farms. The reference to the criminal allegations was out of context therefore. Further the Director of Public Prosecutions had dropped all the charges. Most importantly, IPP Would have reported, that in March 2006, Benjamin Mengis application to re-gain the lease had been dismissed by the High Court Moshi (Lands Division) by Hon. Kileo.
Similar defamatory publications were printed in IPP Medias The Guardian and Nipashe newspapers throughout 2006, all were couched in a language of suspicion and unqualified accusation of guilt against Mr. Middleton and his staff. No right of reply was ever given to Mr. Middleton or his staff and all, viciously attacked Mr. Middletons commercial interest and reputation not only in Tanzania but, world wide given the articles were published on the Internet for world viewing.
On 24th May 2006, IPP Medias Newspaper The Guardian, printed an article headed Briton prevents court entourage visit at farm. The article accuses Mr. Middleton of failing to comply with a civil court order admitting Magistrate Temu and Benjamin Mengi from entering Silverdale farm. The article stated, that the purpose of the visit was to allow doctors to exhume bodies of animals kept on the farm by Mrs Millie Mengi. Mrs. Millie Mengi has issued a civil plaint against Mr. Middleton accusing him of killing her animals and of forging a quarantine order issued by Zonal Veterinary Officer Dr. Swai in March 2006. Dr. Swai declared the animals to be suffering from Foot & Mouth Disease. The article was once again, written by IPP Media journalist, Jackson Kimambo.
Had IPP media engaged in accountable, investigative journalism, it would have been found, that no instruction had been given to deny access to anyone to the farms. It would also have found, that the animals, had been confirmed by Dr. Swai and District Veterinary Officer Dr. Kweka as having died from Foot & Mouth Disease. It would also have been found that Mrs. Millie Mengi had issued orders to her staff working on Silverdale farm not to bury the animals (in compliance with the Quarantine Order) but to leave them to rot where they had died. Further that Dr. Kweka had refused to attend the farms to supervise the burial of the animals and that Mr. Middleton had to engage, at his expense a government livestock officer to attend and supervise the disposal of the carcasses and had spent TSH/800.000 in treating the animals. One would have thought, the fact that a quarantine order was in existence would have been easy enough to establish and report on.
On 22nd July 2006, Mr. Middleton was once again arrested on allegations brought against him by Mrs. Millie Mengi, Benjamin Mengis wife in that he had breached a civil court order (the same order referred to in the above paragraph). Mr. Middleton was brought before the court, refused bail and sent to Karanga Prison by Magistrate Temu. Moshi Police Inspector Janeth once again prepared the charges. IPP Media reported the arrest and imprisonment the following day.
The Daily News newspaper reported on July 26th, 2006, that the High Court in Moshi ordered the immediate release of Mr. Middleton ruling that there was no evidence to support his arrest. The High Court further ruled, that there was no evidence that Mr. Middleton had a history of disobeying court orders and there were no grounds to deny him bail. The Public Prosecutor stated in court, that Mr. Middletons arrest and imprisonment was a travesty of justice. IPP media, did not report these facts unlike, the daily News who did so. The charges were once again, withdrawn by the Director of Public Prosecutions.
On 3rd February 2007, IPP Medias newspaper The Guardian, printed an article headed Controversy as Hai resident s hurt in assault by armed gang.
The article accuses four members of Mr. Middletons staff of attacking one Salim Habib with Pangas on Silverdale Farm without reason. The article accuses Mr. Middleton of standing by and watching the assault and doing nothing to save Mr. Habib s life. This information was also broadcast on IPPs media Radio network, Radio 1. IPP Medias newspaper the Nipashe carried a further article some days later stating that Mr. Middletons staff were now on the run having absconded from bail. Both articles were once again, written by IPP medias journalist, Jackson Kimambo.
Had IPP Media engaged in accountable investigative journalism, they world have found, that not one member of Mr. Middletons staff had been arrested and charged with any offence. It would also have been established, that Salim Habib had been arrested and charged with Malicious Damage for driving some forty head of adult cattle belonging to Mrs Millie Mengi onto a two hectare field of commercial maize and, had destroyed it. IPP Media did not report this.
On 11th April 2007, IPP Medias The Guardian and Nipashe newspapers printed and article headed Britons to pay 90m/-for defamation. The article, again written by IPP Media journalist Jackson Kimambo, states, that Stewart Middleton and a person named in the plaint not known to him were to pay Benjamin Mengi for defamatory comments printed by the daily News in June 2006. One would think, that being fully appraised of the laws of Libel, that IPP Media would know, that in cases of Libel, i.e. the publication of defamatory material, that it is only the writer, printer and publisher of the material that can be sued. As such, the case and the judgment were completely outside of the courts powers. IPP media did not print this. The article also stated that Mr. Middleton had been defiant, and not entered a plea. It does not state, that a person does not plea in civil proceedings, the opponent files a defence or that Mr. Middleton was represented by Moshi advocate Westgate Kimambo who, had failed to file a defence in the case the hearing for which was heard without Mr. Middleton being present in court.
Finally and most importantly, IPP Media stated in their publication, that Mr. Middleton had alleged in his publication, that Mengi had bribed the police. It was clear from the article that Mr. Middleton was not quoted as making this accusation and the only person quoted as mentioning the word bribe was Dr. Juma Ngasongwa Minister for Empowerment & Investment. Obviously, IPP Media knew, that Mr. Middleton does not write for, print or edit the Daily News newspaper. Under the circumstances such an accusation was not only defamatory, it was nothing short of journalistic terrorism.
To conclude, Editors, Journalists and individuals controlling the media in Tanzania, may like to ask themselves, whether or not, IPP Media engages in accountable, investigative journalism that promotes good governance and transparency in a manner that fights the war against corruption and abuse power and, (as Reginald Mengi suggests that they should) whether or not, they wish to collaborate with IPP Media in setting a national agenda on fighting corruption.
16th April 2007