Tujifunze kidogo kuhusu ndege (airplane)

[jiwe la maji]

Naona kama mfumo wa helcopta ni simple kuliko hayo madege....ni kwann wasitumie mfumo huo huo kutengeneza ndege kubwa kama boing?

Inakuwa na speed ndogo na pia haiwezi kubeba mizigo mizito sana mkuu.

 

[StayReal]

Ndege ivuje? Na bado ifanye kazi?

Achilia kuvuja tu mkuu, mvua

Hiyo ndege ilizuiliwa kabisa ilikuwa ni ngumu kuicontrol

Naweza kuwa nakosea lakini nadhani Concord zilizuiliwa sababu ya operation costs zilikuwa kubwa sana na 'sonic boom' ilisababisha zipigwe bun nchi kibao na ndio maana kulikuwa hakuna yoyote flying to LA due to lack of ocean flight path.

 

[jiwe la maji]

Kwa mara ya kwanza tangu niijue Jf, nasoma comments bila ku skip. Page by page....
Uzi safi kabisa! Ubarikiwe kaka kwa kutupa elimu na maarifa ya ziada.
Ni msaada mkubwa sana!

Mimi kwenye uzi huu nina skip sana tu comments maana kuna wengine hawapendi kuanza na uzi tangu mwanzo, wao wanaanzia katikati nakuanza kuuliza maswali ambayo yameshajibiwa vizuri zaidi ya mara 2. Hawa wanaturefushia uzi bila sababu za msingi.

 

[vannistelrooy]

Hilo mkuu siwezi kujua kwa sababu ni uamuzi wa kampuni. Na sidhani kampuni kama bado ipo hai kwa sababu ilikuwa ni muungano wa Wafaransa na Waingereza kupitia Anglo-FrancebTreaty.

Itakuwa ni fitina za mmarekani tu kuhofia kifunikwa na boieng zake..mana yule jamaaa anataka aongoze yeye kila kitu

 

[Shebbydo]

Mkuu Shebbydo hongera sana kwa uzi wako huu. Wakati naanza kuusoma nilikuwa na maswali mengi lakini hadi nafika hapa nimebakiza mawili tu na naomba unisaidie kuyajibu, au Optimus_Prime kama atayaona mapema.

1. Nimesoma vizuri maelezo uliyotoa kuhusu ndege kupiga kona, kuinuka au kuinama. Swali langu ni hili, je mfumo unaotumika ndege kupiga kona ikiwa angani ni sawa na ule inaotumia kupiga kona ikiwa ardhini wakati inaondoka au inatua? (Maana mda mwingine ndege inakuwa ardhini ikiwa na speed ndogo kabisa sawa na mtembea kwa miguu lakini unaona inaenda kushoto au kulia)

2. Mbali na kuangalia kwenye movie, niliwahi kuona ndege ndogo ya mzungu mmoja ikitua ziwani na kuwa kama speed boat na kwenda hadikwenye ufukwe wa ziwa ikapaki hapo. Wakati wa kuondoka pia ilianza kukimbia kwenye maji kwa dakika kadhaa na kisha kupaa! Je hiki kitu kinawezekana au nilikuwa naona maruweruwe[emoji23] [emoji23] [emoji23] [emoji23] [emoji23]

Kama kipo tafadhali naomba maelezo kidogo kuhusu hii scenario.

Mkuu asante kwa maswali yako japo nimechelewa kuyajibu kwa sababu ya majukumu mengine.
Nikianza na swali la kwanza, ni kwamba wakati ndege kutembea uwanjani kwa ajili ya kuruka hutumia vitu viwili; hutumia steering ambayo ipo kwenye mfumo wa tairi la mbele (nose-wheel) ambayo inakuwa controlled na kitu kimoja kinaitwa tiller. Kitu cha pili ni hiyo hiyo rudder ambayo inatumika angani japo ardhini hufanya deflection kidogo.

Swali lako la pili jibu lake ni kweli ulichokuwa unakiona. Kuna ndege hutua ardhini na baharini. Mfumo wake wa kutulia unaitwa amphibious landing gear.

 

[Shebbydo]

Achilia kuvuja tu mkuu, mvua


Naweza kuwa nakosea lakini nadhani Concord zilizuiliwa sababu ya operation costs zilikuwa kubwa sana na 'sonic boom' ilisababisha zipigwe bun nchi kibao na ndio maana kulikuwa hakuna yoyote flying to LA due to lack of ocean flight path.

Hujakosea mkuu hizo ndizo sababu mkuu zilizotolewa. Lakini ukijiuliza swali moja hili; ndege za abiria ambazo zimekuwa na speed zaidi ya sauti (supersonic speed) ni mbili; Concord na Tupolev TU-400 ya Mrusi zote hazipo angani. Kwa nini?

 

[Mr.genius]

Hakika sijawah kujuta kujiunga jf hiki ni KISIMA CHA MAARIFA, heko kwa mtoa uzi!

 

[Synod]

Mkuu asantebkwa maswali yako japo nimechelewa kuyajibu kwa sababu ya majukumu mengine.
Nikianza na swali la kwanza, ni kwamba wakati ndege kutembea uwanjani kwa ajili ya kuruka hutumia vitu viwili; hutumia steering ambayo ipo kwenye mfumo wa tairi la mbele (nose-wheel) ambayo inakuwa controlled na kitu kimoja kinaitwa tiller. Kitu cha pili ni hiyo hiyo rudder ambayo inatumika angani japo ardhini hufanya deflection kidogo.

Swali lako la pili jibu lake ni kweli ulichokuwa unakiona. Kuna ndege hutua ardhini na baharini. Mfumo wake wa kutulia unaitwa amphibious landing gear.

Mkuu akhsante kwa maelezo mazuri, naomba niongeze swali dogo la nyongeza.

Kuhusu hizi ndege zinazotua ardhini na majini,pale inapotua kwenye maji na kukimbia, inatumia propeller nyingine au ni zile zile zinazotumiwa ikiwa angani? Na vipi athari ya maji, matone kadhaa yakiiingia kwenye engine hayawezi kuleta athari yoyote?

Ni hayo tu!

 

[Shebbydo]

Mkuu akhsante kwa maelezo mazuri, naomba niongeze swali dogo la nyongeza.

Kuhusu hizi ndege zinazotua ardhini na majini,pale inapotua kwenye maji na kukimbia, inatumia propeller nyingine au ni zile zile zinazotumiwa ikiwa angani? Na vipi athari ya maji, matone kadhaa yakiiingia kwenye engine hayawezi kuleta athari yoyote?

Ni hayo tu!

Hata inapokimbia ndani ya maji inatumia mfumo ule ule wa kuipeleka mbele. Kama uliitazama vizuri yenyewe ndani ya maji haizami sana kama boti. Inakuwa juu sana. Kuhusu maji kuingia kwenye injini haiwezekani kwa sababu imedizainiwa kwa ajili pia ya kukimbia majini. Kwenye designing vitu vyote vinaangaliwa.

 

[Synod]

Hata inapokimbia ndani ya maji inatumia mfumo ule ule wa kuipeleka mbele. Kama uliitazama vizuri yenyewe ndani ya maji haizami sana kama boti. Inakuwa juu sana. Kuhusu maji kuingia kwenye injini haiwezekani kwa sababu imedizainiwa kwa ajili pia ya kukimbia majini. Kwenye designing vitu vyote vinaangaliwa.

Akhsante sana mkuu! Umekata kiu yangu.

 

[Shebbydo]

Akhsante sana mkuu! Umekata kiu yangu.

Karibu mkuu

Sent from my itel it1508 using JamiiForums mobile app

 

[The Salt]

Mimi kwenye uzi huu nina skip sana tu comments maana kuna wengine hawapendi kuanza na uzi tangu mwanzo, wao wanaanzia katikati nakuanza kuuliza maswali ambayo yameshajibiwa vizuri zaidi ya mara 2. Hawa wanaturefushia uzi bila sababu za msingi.

Ni kwa sababu hawasomi toka mwanzo (ngumu hasa ukute page zishakuwa zaidi ya 6). Ndo maana wanarudia maswali

 

[jiwe la maji]

Kwangu mimi binafsi natamani sana siku moja ndege isiendeshwe na mafuta bali Solar power kama ilivyo kituo cha sayansi cha anga.

Tayari ndege moja kama hiyo ipo, ya mfano ilizinduliwa mwaka jana, na iliweza ruka na kwenda katika baadhi ya nchi lakini ufanisi wake ni poor sana.

 

[kilambimkwidu]

Mkuu, kama ambavyo ndege hua inaingiza matairi ikishapaa, je inawezekana pia kuingiz matairi ikiwa imesimama yan iingize then ilalie tumbo kama ndege mnyama anavyolalia tumbo wakati wa kutaga yai (naulizia uwezo wa ndege kwa jinsi ilivoundwa japo haitakua na maana ndege ifanye hivyo)

Hili swali langu halijapata majibu Chief, pls

 

[Shebbydo]

Ndege kabla ya kuanza safari flight planer inakuwa tayar imeandaliwa na ina every detail, kwa kawaida kuna aina mbili za uendeshaj wa ndege inawezekana ikawa ni VFR yaan visual flight rules ambapo ruban hutumia tu GPS au VOR kuweza kutoka point moja had nyingine mpaka anapoanza approach kutua kulingana na flight planner yake, hiz point kitaalam huitwa way point na zinaweza kuwa nyingi au chache kulingana na pilot alivyo plan flight yake siku hiyo, kwenye VFR mawasiliano kati ya control tower na pilot huwa mafupi, pilot huwa anaomba flight following ana acknowledge rada contact position na squawk code na kifuatacho ni kuomba air space transition akiwa anapita kwenye controlled air space, kwa upande IFR yaan instrumental flight rules hapa ruban hupokea maelekezo yote ya mwelekeo wa ndege kutoka kwa control tower from take off to the lending. Kuhusu runway kuwa fupi ni tukio ambalo ni nadra kutokea kwa sababu kila uwanja unakuwa na full detail ikiwemo runway length so kabla ya take off pilot lazima afanye calculation ya weight aliyobeba including fuel pamoja na speed na wind direction. Kuhusu emergence landing pilot wamekuwa trained jins ya kutua kwenye short runway, na akicalculate akaona kabisa runway ni fupi sana ku make landing anapaswa kuangalia eneo lingine lenye usalama kushusha ndege. Nafikiri nimejaribu kukujibu.

Mkuu asante kwa ufafanuzi labda mimi niwasaide wadau kujua VOR ni nini.

VOR ni ufupisho wa mameno VHF Omnidirectional Radio range (VHF-Very High Frequency). VOR ni kifaa kinachomsaidia rubani kwenye ndege kujua yupo uelekeo gani kutoka kwenye kituo cha VOR. (VOR station). Hivyo ardhini kuna vituo vya VOR transmitter na kwenye ndege kuna receiver.

JINSI KIFAA HIKI KINAVYOFANYA KAZI.

VOR transmitter kutoka ardhini hurusha mawimbi katika nyuzi mia tatu sitini (360°). Yaani mawimbi haya husafiri katika duara, hivyo haiitajiki ndege kuyakata mawimbi haya ili kuweza kuyanasa (Wave signals intersection). VOR transmitter hutoa mawimbi ya namna mbili; ya kwanza ni "reference signals", haya mawimbi hayabadiliki. Ya pili ni mawimbi yanayozunguka na kubadilika (rotating variable signals). Mawimbi haya katika usawa wa usumaku wa kaskazini (Magnetic north) huwa yapo sambamba (In phase). Lakini kadiri yale mawimbi yanayozunguka yanavyoanza kuisogelea angle ya nyuzi 180 (180°) yanaanza kuachana (Out of phaae). Na yanapoanza kuelekea 360°/0° yanaanza tena kuwa sambamba mpaka yanapoirudia tena magnetic North. VOR receiver iliyopo kwenye ndege huweza kusoma utofauti wa hayo mawimbi ya aina mbili yanavyotofautina na kusogeleana. Hivyo kupitia vifaa vilivyopo kwenye nya kusoma nyuzi, rubani huweza kujua yupo usawa gani dhidi ya hiyo VOR station.

Kifaa hiki ni cha zamani sana kwenye ndege. Kilianza kutumika tangu vita ya pili ya dunia, lakini mpaka leo bado kina umuhimu mkubwa sana.

 

[Shebbydo]

Tayari ndege moja kama hiyo ipo, ya mfano ilizinduliwa mwaka jana, na iliweza ruka na kwenda katika baadhi ya nchi lakini ufanisi wake ni poor sana.

Katika aviation kuikubali teknolojia kuwa ipo kwenye ndege ni mpaka pale inapokuwa imefanya kazi asilimia mia. Hizo za majaribio nyingi tu.

 

[Shebbydo]

Hili swali langu halijapata majibu Chief, pls

Haiwezi kufanya hivyo kwa sababu mfumo wa kutulia ndege (landing gear upo kwa ajili ya kutembelea ardhini na ku-support uzito wake inapokuwa ardhini. Kama unaanisha jambo la kufikirika kwa maana ya kujaribu uwezo wa frame, ni sawa frame haiwezi haribika kama unavyofikiria lakini katika uhalisia hiyo fuselage ya ndege haitakiwi hata kuchubuka kidogo.

 

[kilambimkwidu]

Haiwezi kufanya hivyo kwa sababu mfumo wa kutulia ndege (landing gear upo kwa ajili ya kutembelea ardhini na ku-support uzito wake inapokuwa ardhini. Kama unaanisha jambo la kufikirika kwa maana ya kujaribu uwezo wa frame, ni sawa frame haiwezi haribika kama unavyofikiria lakini katika uhalisia hiyo fuselage ya ndege haitakiwi hata kuchubuka kidogo.

Sawa mkuu,
Haya mambo ya kitaalam sana

 

[jiwe la maji]

Mkuu, ulihaidi utakuja na mwendelezo wa historia ya usafiri wa anga. Mimi nitapenda zaidi kama itaanzia pale kwa wale mabwana 2 wa Kimarekani Wright Brothers na kilichonishangaza sana kwao ni namna ndege yao walivyoipaisha bila kuwa na magurudumu na pia nguvu na mzunguko wa engine yao ilikuwa ndogo sawa na baadhi ya pikipiki tulizonazo leo sasa hili suala la hiyo engine hunifanya nifikirie kama mtu akipata engine ya pikipiki mfano yenye cc 250 hawezi fanya utundu kama wale ndugu?

 

[StayReal]

Hujakosea mkuu hizo ndizo sababu mkuu zilizotolewa. Lakini ukijiuliza swali moja hili; ndege za abiria ambazo zimekuwa na speed zaidi ya sauti (supersonic speed) ni mbili; Concord na Tupolev TU-400 ya Mrusi zote hazipo angani. Kwa nini?

Mkuu najua wewe ni mtaalamu kwenye haya mambo but reason yako for discontinuation of concord na TU-400 is the least kabisa why zilistopiwa! Mpaka leo bado watu wanajaribu kurudi to supersonic commercial flight but issue bado iko kwenye fuel consumption and sonic boom (noise)!

Concorde problems which resulted in its discontinuity ;

· It could not do super long haul. It had the range to do transatlantic but not transpacific flights. That was already a large number of possible - and indeed lucrative - routes closed off to it. Concorde therefore only flew from LHR and CDG to JFK, IAD and BGI. The only non Atlantic route was a Bahrain-Singapore route flown very briefly in the 70s by Singapore Airlines.

· Oh, and the ticket price was very high. First class ticket pricing. A return ticket from London to New York would set you back $8000. That was on a good day. you could face up to $11000

· Concorde used roughly 25,629 litres per hour. The average length of a flight was 3 1/2 hours. So in total a Concorde flight with maximum 100 people used 89,708 litres of jet fuel. Let’s compare Concorde to its long time Transatlantic rival - the iconic Boeing 747. A non-Concorde flight with a minimum of 400 passengers consumed 59,500 litres of fuel. So Concorde flew far fewer people and consumed far more fuel.


· It was not allowed to fly transcontinental in the USA. The official reason was the sonic boom could disrupt people down below. Although this is certainly true, it is also not unlikely that the Americans didn’t feel particularly hospitable to a foreign supersonic jet flying over their skies when Boeing and Lockheed between them had failed miserably to come up with a viable alternative despite generous funding from the federal government. It took multiple supreme court battles before Concorde could even fly to JFK or IAD - before that it could not even fly to the USA, only to Rio and Bahrain.

· Although it is true that other european countries (W Germany, Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Switzerland) and Canada did also ban supersonic flights over their territory, this was very unlikely to have much of an effect. This was in the days before much middle eastern airline traffic, it wasn’t worth flying Concorde on a route shorter than 3 hours, and Concorde did not, as already stated, have ultra long distance range, so no airline would have bothered operating Concorde on such flights. These bans were symbolic, the USA ban was a serious blow.

· As already stated, this was before the golden age of middle eastern airlines. Although nowadays Etihad, Qatar and Emirates happily throw money at a fancy plane that has multiple problems because it’s cool, up to the 2000s this was simply not the case.

Footnotes
[1] Concorde: 40 fascinating facts-Telegraph
[2] Flightdeckfriend.com | Becoming an Airline Pilot | Latest Pilot Jobs |
[3] Heritage Concorde
[4] 2 AIRLINES CANCEL CONCORDE ORDERS