Lazima tuwekane sawa kuhusu UKIMWI

HIV rates among drug users rising

In some countries 40% of self-injecting drug users have HIV
The rate of HIV infection among injecting drug users appears to be rising, researchers say.

The report, published in the British medical journal The Lancet, says 3m self-injecting drug users worldwide could now be HIV-positive.

In nine countries, more that 40% of drug users were infected.

The authors are concerned about the lack of data from Africa and say the risk factors that have helped spread HIV in this way exist on the continent.

DRUG USER HIV BLACKSPOTS
Countries where over 40% of injecting drug users are thought to be HIV positive:
Estonia: 72.1%
Argentina: 49.7%
Brazil: 48.0%
Kenya: 42.9%
Burma: 42.6%
Indonesia: 42.5%
Thailand: 42.5%
Ukraine: 41.8%
Nepal: 41.4%

They said there was a "pressing need" to address the problem.

The scientists behind this study, frmo the University of New South Wales in Australia, carried out a wide-ranging review of published data.

They concluded that both the numbers of injecting drug users and the prevalence of HIV infection among them are on the increase.

The virus is spread mainly by the use of shared needles.

In some countries in South East Asia, Latin America and Eastern Europe the rates of infection among injecting users are above 40%. In Estonia it is more than 72%.

But some countries have maintained very low rates of infection, such as the UK - where the rate is 2.3% - New Zealand and Australia where only 1.5% of injecting drug users are HIV-positive.

Needle exchange

Researchers say that this was due to the swift introduction of needle exchange programmes in the 1980s.

The report says that there is a clear mandate to invest in HIV prevention programmes such as needle exchanges and drug substitution treatments.

There is also a clear need for education to help prevent the spread of infection in countries where injecting drug use is common but where the virus has not yet become widespread among users.

"The high prevalence of HIV among many populations of injecting drug users represents a substantial global health challenge," the authors say.

Michael Carter, of the HIV information service NAM, said the report provided "striking evidence" to support the provision of needle exchange programmes.

He said: "The UK has historically low rates of HIV amongst injecting drug users because we put health promotion first.

"Compare this to the HIV prevalence in countries which have resisted the provision of needle exchanges in the misguided belief that they 'encourage' drug use."

Mr Carter added there was good evidence that IDUs can do very well on anti-HIV treatment - but often stigma and discrimination meant that they were denied potentially life-saving drugs.

Ailsa Spindler, of the charity Terrence Higgins Trust Scotland, said: "There is a long way to go globally in tackling IDU, its causes and its effects on health, including HIV transmission."

She said health among IDUs was "relatively good" in the UK, but the number of new HIV diagnoses among the group had increased gradually over the past five years.

bbc.co.uk
 
Asalamu alaykum.

Umemalizia suali zuri sana ingawa limekuja in question au ni mpaka wazungu waje kutufanyia jambo hili? ni kweli jinsi waafrika tulivyozubaa katika maendeleo kila kitu tunasubiri ama kufnayiwa au tuje tupewe ushauri na wazungu maana tumeonekana ni watu wa kuongozwa na wao tu.
 
Tatizo la madawa ya kulevya na maambukizi ya ugonjwa wa ukimwi katika Zanzibar linazidi kuchukua sura mpya kila kukicha. Hii inatokana na kuongezeka kwa watumiaji wa madawa hayo huku uwezo wa kugharamia madawa hayo ukishuka...

Ni jambo ambalo limenigusa mno na nikichukulia kuwa kuna asasi nyingi hapo visiwani zinazo shughulika na ukwimi lakini juhudi zao hazionekani. Ni rahisi sana kuona athari za madawa ya kulevya katika zanzibar, na hii inatokana na wengi wa watumiaji wa madawa hayo kuwa katika sehemu moja

Nimejadili hili kwa mapana katika blog hii hapa Hali inatisha..
 
Mpaka sasa hivi kila familia iliyo afrika chini ya jangwa la sahara lina mtu mmoja au zaidi ambaye ameshafariki kwa ukimwi au ndio anaumwa kwa yeye kujua au bila yeye kujua mtu huyu anaweza kuwa ni mimi au wewe au Yule
...........................................................................................................................................

Unajisikiaje unaposikia kaka yako mwenye familia amefariki dunia ? baada ya muda mke wake nae anafariki dunia anafuatia na mtoto wake ? huko kijijini ulipotoka baba yako nae yuko hoi mama yako ndio anahudhuria vitu vya ushauri mara kwa mara .

Kaka yako amefariki kwa ugonjwa wa ukimwi , baba yako na mama yako yuko njiani karibu watafariki kwa ugonjwa huo huo jiulize mara ngapi utarudi kijijini kwenda kuzika ndugu na jamaa zako ?

Hili ni jambo la kawaida sana siku hizi kusikia mtu kila mwezi amesafiri kwenda kuzika au hayuko ameenda kuzika ndugu na jamaa zake waliofariki kwa ugonjwa wa ukimwi ingawa wengi hawaweki hili wazi wanafanya ni siri kubwa sana kwao wanafikiri wakisema wataonekana hawafai mbele za jamii haswa huko makazini .

Ni jambo la kawaida pia mitaani kusikia baba Fulani mke wake amefariki kwa ukimwi lakini ameamua kuowa mke mwingine , au mama Fulani mumewe alikuwa anasumbuliwa na ukimwi amefariki kaamua kuchukuwa Serengeti boy aishi nae sasa

Majirani wanaangalia tu watu hawa wanavyofanya vitendo hivi vya kikatili kwa watoto wao , ndugu zao na hata watu wao wa karibu .

Wengi wetu tuna puuza hatuamini kwamba haya yanatokea , hatuamini kama kweli kuna ukimwi bado tunaendelea kufanya vitendo ambavyo vinachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kueneza maambukizi ya ugonjwa huu kwa watu mbali mbali tunaokuwa nao katika mambo ya karibu zaidi .

Ni wakati sasa kwa kila jamii kuamka na kukemea vitendo hivi pengine kuviripoti katika vyombo husika ili watu hao waweze kuchunguzwa na kuchukuliwa hatua za kisheria ili iwe funzo kwa wengine wote wanaokuwa na mpango huo katika siku zijazo

Kila tarehe 1 desemba ni siku ya UKIMWI duniani , watu wakubwa kwa watoto sasa tubadilike tujue ukweli ulio mbele yetu tukemee tabia hizi kwa nguvu zote

Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani inakumbukwa kila tarehe kwanza Desemba. Hii ni siku maalum ya kupanua ufahamu kuhusu maafa yanayoletwa na ugonjwa wa Ukimwi. Desemba kwanza ilichaguliwa kuwa ni siku ya Ukimwi kutokana na tarehe hiyo kuwa ndio siku ambayo kirusi cha Ukimwi kilitambulika rasmi mwaka 1981. Toka mwaka 1981 watu zaidi ya milioni 25 wameshafariki kutokana na Ukimwi.
Siku hii ilichaguliwa rasmi mwaka 1988 wakati wa Mkutano wa Dunia wa Mawaziri wa Afya Kuhusu Mpango wa Kuzuia Ukimwi. Kuanzia hapo siku hii imekuwa ikikumbukwa rasmi na serikali, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali, na wanaharakati.
Toka mwaka 1988 hadi 2004, Siku ya Ukimwi Duniani ilikuwa ikiratibiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Masuala ya Ukimwi (UNAIDS). Mwaka 2005 UNAIDS ililipa shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Kampeni ya Ukimwi Duniani (the World AIDS Campaign)wajibu wa kuratibu siku hii.
Kila mwaka siku hii hukumbukwa kwa ujumbe maalum.
 
Hakuna ukimwi ila hayo ni maradhi kama yapo hayana tofauti na Cancer au magonjwa mengine ambayo hayana dawa, ila wazungu wanaitumia hio ili kutuzalilisha na wenyewe tunakubali,mbona hatujamsikia Obama katika kampeni zake kuzungumzia mambo ya ukimwi au atakavyopambana na ukimwi huko kwao amerika. Ila hapa utamsikia kiongozi wa juu akilizungumzia suala hilo huku akiomba mafeza ya kupambana na gonjwa hilo ila ,kwa sasa nchi za wazungu wamekwisha sema hakuna kitu maana fedha inakauka kwenye hazina yao hawajui inatokomea wapi,na misaada ndio wameshatishia kukatisha,sijui mnafuatilia haya mambu au mnasogeza sahani ya ugali na maharagwe mkila mkishiba mnalala hamyajui yaliopo hivi sasa huko ulimwenguni.
Tumejiweka sisi ni kama wagonjwa kila kitu tusaidiwe ,sasa hata magonjwa tunasaidiwa kuletewa na kudungwa nayo nafikiri hawa hesabu zao ndio zile kwenye story ambayo nimesoma humu kuwa wanatupoison na tunameguka mmoja mmjoa baada ya miaka fulani tutatoweka ,wameshapiga mahesabu yao kuwa ukimwi hautambakisha mtu na kila siku hesabu zinaenea na kuzidi kuna hatari wakatangaza kuwa idadi ya wenye ukimwi ni wengi kuliko population ya nchi hapo ndio itakuwa mbinde. Ikiwa sasa mnasema kila kwenye familia kuna muathirika huoni kama calculation zao zitazidi na mwisho watatuambia kuwa sote tuna ukimwi. Mlioko uzunguni bora mbanishe hukohuko ,maana makahaba wa kizungu hawana ukimwi na ilhali wamejaa kila kona tena kwa mitaa na wengine wamewekwa kama zile nguo za baba ntungulie. Lakini kwao ukimwi eti haupo hamuoni kama wametupoison huku afrika tu na kwengineko kama uhindini ,yaani hata huko uhindini kwa jinsi biashara ya ngono ilivyoshamiri husikii sana kama huku kwetu mambo ya ukimwi yaani kila janga linatupiliwa huku Afrika haswa hizi nchi za kusini ,hawa wazungu naona watahakikisha wanatumaliza na kupata hazina kwa urahisi ,yaani wanawatayarishia vizazi vyao ,na kila dawa tunayoambiwa hii inatibu maradhi fulani huwa tunaibugia tu,kwa vile inatoka kwa mzungu kama haitoshi eti wanatupa na fedha ya kutusaidia kupigana na janga hilo wakijua fika kuwa feza yao itarudi wakati tumeshatoweka.
 
tafadhali soma hapa chini. habari inapatikana: Does HIV cause AIDS?

John Curtis Hunter (Las Vegas)
Does HIV cause AIDS?

JohnHunter2@wow.member.org

Abbreviations used: HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus, HTLV: Human T-cell Leukemia (renamed Lymphotropic, 1985) Virus, LAV: Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus, NCI: National Cancer Institute, CDC: Centers for Disease Control, AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, T-helper cells, or CD4 cells, or T4 cells: the specific white blood cells lost by AIDS patients; a complete HIV-AIDS glossary.

One of today's most pervasive beliefs is the utter certainty most people attach to the notion that AIDS is a condition caused by a virus called HIV. I used to accept this idea; I've taken the HIV antibody test whenever I did something risky sexually. My first clue that HIV-AIDS was a false connection was a book review in the Laissez Faire Books catalog. ( Review text ). The book is Inventing the AIDS Virus, by Peter Duesberg. (Regnery Publishing, Washington, DC, 722 pages in hardcover, $29.95)

Kary Mullis (Nobel prize in Chemistry, 1993) had been writing a progress report on AIDS research. In it, he wrote the line, "HIV is the probable cause of AIDS". But Mullis is a scientist, and has the academic habit of wanting to footnote factual statements. The scientific proof was not to be found; finally Mullis heard a radio broadcast with Duesberg(a molecular biologist at Berkeley) explaining that proof had never been demonstrated, ending the search. Later, Mullis would write, "We know that to err is human, but the HIV/AIDS hypothesis is one hell of a mistake." (From Mullis's Forward to Inventing the AIDS Virus). Duesberg and the CDC agree that HIV is a retrovirus, a virus that has RNA as its genetic material rather than DNA. The official position of the U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, that HIV kills cells in the human immune system, runs counter to the established nature of a retrovirus, which does not kill its host cell.

The HIV-AIDS connection leads to what I call "definitional medicine". If a person dies from some infectious disease (or one of the non-infectious diseases named by the CDC as AIDS-related; various cancers, dementia, wasting disease...) and tests HIV positive, the death certificate will list cause of death as AIDS. If the same person had tested HIV negative, cause of death would be the disease. Of course, if death occured somewhere where post-mortem blood tests are not done, cause of death would be the disease(!)

A brainy friend responded, "Everyone I know who died from AIDS was HIV positive!" Of course; see above. This is an example of the Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy in philosophy (After this, because of this). It does not follow that what came second was caused by what happened first, unless proof exists. If AIDS can be defined as a collapse of the body's immune system, what causes the collapse, if not HIV?

(Before exploring Duesberg's hypothesis, this note: no hypothesis is adequate that merely accounts for the dramatic loss in T-cells characteristic of people with AIDS (PWA). Too many of the AIDS diseases are non-infectious. Speculation that HIV *somehow* causes dementia or cancer is just that: speculation.)

Duesberg's (unproven but reasonable) hypothesis is that long term drug use will undermine the immune system. He covers other risk groups: many gay men tend to be drug users(esp. nitrite inhalants, or "poppers", as aphrodisiacs) ( Documentation here), babies dying from AIDS got drugs via their pregnant drug-using mothers, blood transfusion recipients are often already sick and die from the pre-existing illness(50% die within one year regardless of HIV status), hemophiliacs taking (toxic) Factor VIII get their clotting ability but lose their immune system. He also defines a new risk group: people who take AZT, ddI, or ddC (all highly toxic products of cancer chemotherapy research) to stop HIV, end up with AIDS anyway. (SF HEAL adds D4T and 3TC to the list of toxic anti-retrovirals.) In an interview for SPIN magazine , Duesberg complains that the same government which finances HIV-AIDS research will not finance drug-AIDS research. (Kary Mullis's hypothesis is that AIDS is caused not by HIV but by other retroviruses. Mullis, Charles Thomas Jr., and Phillip Johnson ask "What Causes AIDS?", but their answer is, basically, "something other than HIV".) A pathologist and toxicologist, Dr. Mohammed Al-Bayati argues that AIDS is caused by various toxins .

The CDC has admitted that people get "AIDS" even though they are HIV-negative. To deal with this, the CDC made up a new disease: if someone gets "HIV-negative AIDS";, its called "idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia"(ICL). Duesberg's comments are in the first link in the "Furthur documentation" paragraph. In addition, the CDC is dealing with HIV-positives who don't get AIDS by increasing HIV's "latent period". Currently, an HIV+ gets 10 years of normal life before getting AIDS. (That assumes the HIV+'s doctor withholds AZT "therapy".)

Alternatives to toxic, immune suppressing therapies do exist. In particular, "Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance that resembles Vitamin E....It plays a crucial role in the effectivness of the immune system." (so says the label on the bottle...I hope it is effective.) An article about Q10 says that Q10 is useful in treating immune deficiency. Two prominent AIDS doctors, Shari Lieberman and Joan Priestly , insist that their patients give up drinking, smoking, AZT(or other anti-HIV drugs), unhealthy dietary practices, recreational drugs, and embark on a physical fitness program. Heavy emphasis is placed on nutrition; here are Priestly's nutritional recommendations.

"There is great disparity between the political and the scientific strength of the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Politically it is all-powerful, and many forms of censorship and coercion keep it this way. Scientifically, it was refuted decisively by molecular biologist Peter Duesberg years ago. A rapidly growing number of scientists are not only convinced that the HIV-AIDS hypothesis is wrong, but that it was bizarre and foolish from the very beginning." -John Lauritsen, The AIDS War.

"People who claim to be absolutely convinced that their stand is the only right one are dangerous. Such conviction is the essence not only of dogmatism, but of its more destructive cousin, fanaticism. It blocks off the user from learning new truth, and it is a dead giveaway of unconscious doubt." -Rollo May, MD

Furthur documentation: a speech by Duesberg; lots of other stuff, on both sides of the HIV-AIDS question, is at the AIDS section of the Sumeria site; another review of Inventing the AIDS Virus by a reviewer with a different starting point. The mother lode is | HIV & AIDS - VirusMyth, including a link to "The Group...", led by PhD's, MD's, etc., calling "...for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis"*; also an article by John Lauritsen about the false hope of "protease inhibitors" (a new type of anti-HIV chemicals) , (lots more on the toxicity and uselessness of protease inhibitors), plus a review of Lauritsen's book Poison by Prescription; The AZT story.
*The "Group"'s newsletter is Reappraising AIDS . A lenghty document, which both details and tries to refute Duesberg, is here. Duesberg expounds his drug-AIDS hypothesis in his article, The Role of Drugs in the Origin of AIDS, and at his own website. This group, HEAL(Health Education AIDS Liason), has information and IRC Chat instructions . The LA chapter of HEAL has an "AIDS test" worth taking. Finally, this organization, AIDS Authority (their slogan: "AIDS science hasn't failed because it hasn't found a cure, AIDS science has failed because it never found the c a u s e.") (Note: AIDS Authority is apparently permanently down, too bad, it was the best AIDS site I have ever seen; I did get permission from one of the founders of AIDS Authority to reprint those links that I had copies of, so not all of the following is "dead links";)includes mother lode II here, the "rethink-HIV channel" here, an assortment of alternative treatments here, John Lauritsen's risk-AIDS hypothesis, the "Top ten reasons HIV is not the cause of AIDS";, Donna Shalala's argument that HIV does cause AIDS, and an abstract of Duesberg's "HIV and AIDS: Correlation but not causation" (the whole article is at another site here); or try my Unauthorized Index to AIDS Authority. One of the founders of AIDS Authority has a page with (many) articles he has written about AIDS, its alledged treatments, and its politics. AIDS Authority did return briefly in late 1997; among the articles published was "Dismantling Dreams", part 1, and part 2.

A Short History of HIV

The retrovirus now called HIV was first isolated by Luc Montagnier at the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1982; he named it LAV. Word of this discovery reached Robert Gallo at the NCI; Gallo had been pushing his own discovery, HTLV-1, as a possible cause of AIDS. Interested, Gallo spent the time necessary to "discover" LAV, which he did in 1984, calling it HTLV-3. Montagnier assisted in the process by sending samples of LAV to Gallo's lab.

On April 23, 1984, Gallo and Margaret Heckler, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, held a press conference to announce that the cause of AIDS had been found. A vaccine was promised in two years. Heckler predicted, "There will be a vaccine in a very few years and a cure for AIDS before 1990". (This quote can be found here.) The scientific papers were later published in Science, after Gallo had filed for a patent on the HTLV-3 antibody test.

Montagnier sued. After a three year legal battle, an agreement was reached naming Gallo and Montagnier co-discoverers of the "AIDS virus", which was renamed HIV in 1987. US President Ronald Reagan and French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac met to sign the agreement. Later, agreement was made to split the royalties from the HIV antibody test; while a federal employee Gallo reportedly received the limit of $100,000 per year; now head of the non-federal Institute of Human Virology, he has become a multi-millionaire. The story of the ensuing investigations is here(more here). A technical and very critical look at Gallo's "discovery" of HIV is here.

1987 also brought the first open scientific challenge to the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Published in the March '87 issue of Cancer Research, Peter Duesberg questioned the idea that a retrovirus, which he and many others had theorized might be a cause of uncontrolled cell growth (as cancer), was now a cell killer (as AIDS). If interested, read either an abstract of this article, in which Duesberg doubts that a retrovirus would cause either cancer or AIDS, or the whole article, the first 3/4s of which deals with cancer. (Note: many of the early retrovirus experts were part of a failed attempt in the '70s - early '80s to find a viral cause for cancer.)

I am told that there were a few other dissents from the HIV-AIDS hypothesis that predated Duesberg's. One of note is by Eleni Papadopulos-Eleopulos, a medical scientist whose article was published in 1988 after being rejected by Nature in 1986-87. It is long and technical and worth reading, Reappraisal of AIDS; Is the oxidation induced by risk factors the primary cause?
Papadopulos-Eleopulos has gone on to lead a group of Australian scientists who do not think that HIV was ever properly isolated. For more go to Sumeria - The Immune System, and scroll down to The Perth Team: "Real" science on "AIDS" from "Oz". Of particular interest is this groups' paper Kaposi's Sarcoma and HIV. KS is an AIDS disease seen almost exclusively in gay men; the Perth group sees it as being caused by nitrites and semen exposure. Still more is at virusmyth.com's section on The Perth Group; particularly good is Where Have We Gone Wrong?
(Summary of the views of the Perth Group.)

Even more radical than the Perth Group is Stefan Lanka's arguement that retroviruses as a whole do not exist. See Zenger's Interview With Stefan Lanka. Lanka also argues,here, that the published photos of HIV are not photos of a virus.

If you have time to wait for it to load, Colman's AIDS Page has lots of info and pictures of most of the people I have mentioned.

Positive closing notes: In Reappraising AIDS, Vol. 2, No. 1, this quote appears, "Even Gallo and Montagnier now admit that most HIV-antibody-positive individuals will not get sick."

Both Gallo and Montagnier have seperately arrived at the conclusion that HIV is not itself sufficient to cause AIDS. Co-factors must be present; Gallo favors HTLV-1 or the herpes virus HHV-6, Montagnier favors mycoplasma . This is very important! The discoverers of the "AIDS virus" say themselves that the "AIDS virus" does not cause AIDS by itself!

A PhD who says he cured himself of AIDS presents his story and his toxins-cause-AIDS hypothesis.

President Clinton, in 5/97, has promised a massive federal effort to have a vaccine against AIDS by 2007. OK, lets say they succeed and the "plague of HIV" is eradicated; this could be a great advance in winning the war on AIDS. Once it becomes obvious that stopping HIV does not equal stopping AIDS, then the search for the actual cause will begin. Here is an article about progress toward an HIV vaccine, plus a whole website on the subject- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative.

For readers who are HIV positive and are convinced they will get AIDS; check out the characteristics of long term survivors.

Viewers of Geraldo Rivera's "AIDS assassins" programs, about an HIV positive guy passing HIV to his (many) sex partners, should know that ordinary, unprotected vaginal intercourse is an almost impossible way to transmit HIV; maybe one chance in a thousand. Please see study results. Besides, the only real health risk of being HIV positive is that your doctor might prescribe some highly toxic, immune suppressing, anti-HIV drug, and you might take it!

Disclaimer: Nothing above should be taken as an endorsement of unsafe sex. There are plenty of real STDs out there, plus there is evidence that repeated antibiotic use to stop them is itself immune suppressing. "It is the high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), hepatitis, and the use of increasingly stronger antibiotics among gay men that factor into the breakdown of the immune system." -from What If Everything We Have Been Told About HIV and AIDS is a Lie?.

It has come to my attention that some readers of this page may think that the author is in one of the AIDS risk groups, or is HIV positive. I'm neither.

New: By far the best layman's presentation of the case against HIV causing AIDS is AIDSgate. Another brilliant presentation is made by NYC HEAL. Toronto HEAL has a nice page, too: HIV101: 10 Scientific Reasons Why HIV Cannot Cause AIDS. An extensive collection of AIDS-dissident material (some in German, you can tell which by the titles) is here. From this collection, especially good is Fred Cline's The Fear of Losing HIV. At his site Duesberg has an excellant HIV FAQ.

Something to think about: This definition is from 1994 March BETA 20 - Glossary: "CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE (CTL; also called a CD8 cell): a white blood cell in the immune system that targets and kills cells infected with viruses, bacteria, parasites or other microorganisms." If CD8 cells work this way, wouldn't it be logical to expect them to kill the very CD4 cells infected with HIV or any other lymphotropic microorganism?

The scariest aspect of the HIV hypothesis is that some people have an enormous financial gain if it remains accepted, never mind that the antiretrovirals prescribed to eradicate HIV may be killing people. Is it reasonable to expect, say, Dr. Gallo to turn his back on the proceeds of the HIV antibody test and step up to a microphone someday with, "I was wrong in 1984. Actually, AIDS is caused by........"?
Even scarier: "I think that people like Peter Duesberg belong in jail." - Mark Wainberg, Canadian AIDS researcher. I heard this in Robin Scovill's 2004 film "The Other Side of AIDS". Wainberg, I assume, thinks that all people who publically question the HIV-AIDS hypothesis belong in jail. I have had this page up on the Web for over ten years. Is Wainberg going to send me to jail, too? (I'm hoping this is an attitude particular to Wainberg. I can't imagine Robert Gallo wanting to imprison someone who disagrees with him.)
"Much madness is divinest Sense
To a discerning Eye
Much sensethe starkest Madness
'Tis the Majority In this, as All, prevail
Assentand you are sane
Demuryou're straightway dangerous
And handled with a Chain"
-Emily Dickenson

"Remember, science is something tested and retested, not just something a bunch of people agree to." -M. K. Bernhard

And now for the other side:

I used to laugh at the official US government HIV-AIDS stuff, but no more. The National Institutes of Health, and its National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are taking Duesberg, et al seriously and have put up some decent HIV causes AIDS stuff. Make up your own mind: There is The Relationship Between HIV and AIDS and NIAID Fact Sheet.

Note: Rebuttal to "The Evidence That HIV Causes AIDS", NIAID Fact Sheet, from Toronto HEAL.

Footnote: I was talking to a nurse whose sister died from AIDS. Trying to put my position intelligently, I realized that the definition of an antibody is not consistent with the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. I have in my blood antibodies to the polio virus, which I got from being immunized against the polio virus as a child. Having antibodies against the polio virus does not mean I am going to get polio: quite the reverse...the antibodies keep me from getting polio. In the same sense, antibodies against HIV do not mean I will get any disease caused by HIV, rather that I will not get any disease caused by HIV (if any).

STATS: first published on CompuServe 9/19/96, pub. on Sprynet 2/3/97, pub. on WBS 2/7/97, pub. on Prodigy 5/17/97, pub on ICQ1/31/00, last update 3/27/07.
 
Not all antibodies are capable of protecting the host from developing the clinical disease, antibodies against HIV are to some extent protective but in later stage the body is overwhemed by viral destruction of protective CD4 cells, leading to clinical AIDS.
 
KAMANDA AMATUS LIUMBA LAANATULLAHI‏

Inasikitisha,Yarabi tunusuru!




WALIOPITIWA NA KAMANDA AMATUS LIUMBA ALIYEKUWA MKURUGENZI WA UTUMISHI PALE BOT DAR ES SALAAAM MAARUFU KAMA TWIN TOWER:
Hofu kubwa imetanda jijini Dar es salaam na kwingineko miongoni mwa wanawake na hata baadhi ya wanaume baada ya aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Utumishi wa BOT, Amatus Liumba kufikishwa mahakamani kwa tuhuma za kuisababishia serikali hasara ya shilingi bilioni 200/= kutokana na mradi wa majengo pacha ya benki hiyo yaani Twin Towers na kutolewa kwa orodha ndefu ya akina dada na akina mama aliotembea nao na kuwaambukiza kwa makusudi ukimwi!!
Hali inasikitisha sana hasa ukisoma orodha hiyo ambayo wengi wanaonekana kuwa ni vijana wadogo lakini kutokana na tamaa yao ya pesa na kupenda mambo makubwa kwa njia ya mteremko sasa huenda kukawatokea puani.
Bw. Liumba ambaye anasifika kwa ubingwa wake wa kuhonga pesa na hasa magari kwa akina dada zetu wenye tamaa, alijijengea umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na style yake ya kuhonga magari yenye rangi nyekundu akimaanisha tayari amekuambukiza ukimwi.
Lakini hivi sasa inasemekana akitembea na mwanamke anamhonga gari jeusi kuashiria msiba upo hapo mwanawane!!!
Sasa ifuatayo hapo chini ni orodha ya baadhi ya mademu aliowapitia mkware huyo ikibidi itaongezeka baada ye, swali linakuja tutapona kweli kwa mwendo huu?
1.Cristabela Mwingira.
2.Joan.
3.Ray C.
4.Mboni Mhita na mama yake Zabein Mhita naye kapitiwa.
5.Maimartha wa Jesse.(Mama Mkorogo).
6..Asha Kingui (Kaolewa na Liumba).
7.Raya (Yuko London anasambaza miwaya kwa kwenda mbele).
8.Mastura (Sasa marehemu).
9.Linda ( Huyu inasemekana ni mtoto wake kabisa na Liumba duh).
10Wema Sepetu.(Former Miss Tanzania).
11.Sada ******.
12.Vivian Sirikwa.
13.Irene Uwoya (Muigizaji filamu maarufu bongo).
14.Mary Chingwile.
15.Neema Mjango.
16.Diana.
17.Sophia Byanaku.
18.Hamida Kinana.
19.Shamsa.
20.Devota Diva.
21.Jacquline Ntuyabalilwe (Haya, "You know I am crazy over you", kazi ipo).
22.Johari.
23.Esther Lema.
24.Mange Kimambi.
25.Teddy Kalonga (Zamani alikuwa anatangaza Jackpot Bingo ITV).
26.Lady JD (Masikini mwimbaji wetu, Gardner anayo kazi ila na yeye ni kiwembe).
27.Fina Mango (Aliyekuwa anatangaza Power Breakfast na Masoud Kipanya pale Clouds FM).
28.Najma.
29. Marehemu Amina Chifupa (Wakasingizia eti karogwa).
30.Nancy Sumari.(Miss World Africa).
31.Irene Kiwia.
32.Mary Stella (Alikuwa demu wa marehemu Mutie Mengi wa EATV).
33.Jackie Kavishe.(Mbezi Loius Kimara).
34.Suzi wa Mdeke.
35.Happinness Magese (Former Miss Tanzania).
36.Rashida Wanjala (Aliwahi kuwa Miss Mara).
37.Alice Biduga.
38.Lydia Moshi (Mwenye Magic Massage Namanga).
39.Salima Masoud (Mke wa Masoud Kipanya kajengewa na ghorofa wanayoishi na mumewe hapatoshi hapo).
40.Vicky Kamata.("Wanawake na Maendeleo", kumbe bure)
41.Lucy Ngongoseke Kiwehle (Sasa hivi ni Meneja wa Mawasiliano Standard Chattered Bank zamani alikuwa Multi Choice).
42.Fatuma Uledi wa TRA (Nasikia yuko hoi bin taabani).
43.Carol Kirita.
44.Shyrose Bhanji (Senior Public Relations Manager NMB, kama ni kweli Yesu rudi haraka).
NB:Jamani orodha ni ndefu mno kama unafahamu wengine ongezea kwa muda wako, sasa hawa mademu wengi wao walikuwa wanazunguka kwa mapedeshee na watu wenye pesa Dar baadhi yao ni:
1.Zadoc.
2.Mlatie (Mwenye Rose Garden pale Mikocheni Majimachafu).
3.Mujuni (wa EPA).
4.Lawrence Masha (Waziri wetu wa Mambo ya Ndani).
5.Cisco Mtiro (Aliyekuwa Mkuu wa Itifaki Ikulu kazi ipo).
6.Papaa Msofe.
7.Jack Pemba.
8.Bashir Awadh (MD wa Stanbic Bank kama sikosei).
9.Ray (wa Regency Hotel).
10.Kinjekitile Ngombale Mwiru.
11.Alex Massawe.( mwenye A.M. Investment).
12.Mudhamil(kampani ya akina Msofe).
13.Crecensious Magori (Jamaa wa NSSF
 
Domo Kaya umesema ukweli. hilo ndio tatizo,tuko aware , tunatumia condom, baadae mkisha zoeana , hakuna condom tena. Mtu anakwambia mimi sina ugonjwa bla bla bla. Kwenda kupima, inachukua mda, mishughuliko ya kazi mpaka wote muwe na mda kwenda kupima , mda umepita.
 
mzizimkavu said:
KAMANDA AMATUS LIUMBA LAANATULLAHI‏

Inasikitisha,Yarabi tunusuru!




WALIOPITIWA NA KAMANDA AMATUS LIUMBA ALIYEKUWA MKURUGENZI WA UTUMISHI PALE BOT DAR ES SALAAAM MAARUFU KAMA TWIN TOWER:
Hofu kubwa imetanda jijini Dar es salaam na kwingineko miongoni mwa wanawake na hata baadhi ya wanaume baada ya aliyekuwa Mkurugenzi wa Utumishi wa BOT, Amatus Liumba kufikishwa mahakamani kwa tuhuma za kuisababishia serikali hasara ya shilingi bilioni 200/= kutokana na mradi wa majengo pacha ya benki hiyo yaani Twin Towers na kutolewa kwa orodha ndefu ya akina dada na akina mama aliotembea nao na kuwaambukiza kwa makusudi ukimwi!!
Hali inasikitisha sana hasa ukisoma orodha hiyo ambayo wengi wanaonekana kuwa ni vijana wadogo lakini kutokana na tamaa yao ya pesa na kupenda mambo makubwa kwa njia ya mteremko sasa huenda kukawatokea puani.
Bw. Liumba ambaye anasifika kwa ubingwa wake wa kuhonga pesa na hasa magari kwa akina dada zetu wenye tamaa, alijijengea umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na style yake ya kuhonga magari yenye rangi nyekundu akimaanisha tayari amekuambukiza ukimwi.
Lakini hivi sasa inasemekana akitembea na mwanamke anamhonga gari jeusi kuashiria msiba upo hapo mwanawane!!!
Sasa ifuatayo hapo chini ni orodha ya baadhi ya mademu aliowapitia mkware huyo ikibidi itaongezeka baada ye, swali linakuja tutapona kweli kwa mwendo huu?
1.Cristabela Mwingira.
2.Joan.
3.Ray C.
4.Mboni Mhita na mama yake Zabein Mhita naye kapitiwa.
5.Maimartha wa Jesse.(Mama Mkorogo).
6..Asha Kingui (Kaolewa na Liumba).
7.Raya (Yuko London anasambaza miwaya kwa kwenda mbele).
8.Mastura (Sasa marehemu).
9.Linda ( Huyu inasemekana ni mtoto wake kabisa na Liumba duh).
10Wema Sepetu.(Former Miss Tanzania).
11.Sada ******.
12.Vivian Sirikwa.
13.Irene Uwoya (Muigizaji filamu maarufu bongo).
14.Mary Chingwile.
15.Neema Mjango.
16.Diana.
17.Sophia Byanaku.
18.Hamida Kinana.
19.Shamsa.
20.Devota Diva.
21.Jacquline Ntuyabalilwe (Haya, "You know I am crazy over you", kazi ipo).
22.Johari.
23.Esther Lema.
24.Mange Kimambi.
25.Teddy Kalonga (Zamani alikuwa anatangaza Jackpot Bingo ITV).
26.Lady JD (Masikini mwimbaji wetu, Gardner anayo kazi ila na yeye ni kiwembe).
27.Fina Mango (Aliyekuwa anatangaza Power Breakfast na Masoud Kipanya pale Clouds FM).
28.Najma.
29. Marehemu Amina Chifupa (Wakasingizia eti karogwa).
30.Nancy Sumari.(Miss World Africa).
31.Irene Kiwia.
32.Mary Stella (Alikuwa demu wa marehemu Mutie Mengi wa EATV).
33.Jackie Kavishe.(Mbezi Loius Kimara).
34.Suzi wa Mdeke.
35.Happinness Magese (Former Miss Tanzania).
36.Rashida Wanjala (Aliwahi kuwa Miss Mara).
37.Alice Biduga.
38.Lydia Moshi (Mwenye Magic Massage Namanga).
39.Salima Masoud (Mke wa Masoud Kipanya kajengewa na ghorofa wanayoishi na mumewe hapatoshi hapo).
40.Vicky Kamata.("Wanawake na Maendeleo", kumbe bure)
41.Lucy Ngongoseke Kiwehle (Sasa hivi ni Meneja wa Mawasiliano Standard Chattered Bank zamani alikuwa Multi Choice).
42.Fatuma Uledi wa TRA (Nasikia yuko hoi bin taabani).
43.Carol Kirita.
44.Shyrose Bhanji (Senior Public Relations Manager NMB, kama ni kweli Yesu rudi haraka).
NB:Jamani orodha ni ndefu mno kama unafahamu wengine ongezea kwa muda wako, sasa hawa mademu wengi wao walikuwa wanazunguka kwa mapedeshee na watu wenye pesa Dar baadhi yao ni:
1.Zadoc.
2.Mlatie (Mwenye Rose Garden pale Mikocheni Majimachafu).
3.Mujuni (wa EPA).
4.Lawrence Masha (Waziri wetu wa Mambo ya Ndani).
5.Cisco Mtiro (Aliyekuwa Mkuu wa Itifaki Ikulu kazi ipo).
6.Papaa Msofe.
7.Jack Pemba.
8.Bashir Awadh (MD wa Stanbic Bank kama sikosei).
9.Ray (wa Regency Hotel).
10.Kinjekitile Ngombale Mwiru.
11.Alex Massawe.( mwenye A.M. Investment).
12.Mudhamil(kampani ya akina Msofe).
13.Crecensious Magori (Jamaa wa NSSF
Click to expand...

If the "accused", Mr. Liyumba is HIV positive, and he purposely, as alleged, sought to have sex with women in order to infect them, well, that's between him and his GOD.

One fact which is very clear is that if Mr. Liyumba is HIV positive, he did acquire the infection from someone, who also got infected by another someone who also got it from another someone. The chain can go back ad infinitum, but at the end of the day you'll find out that the person who infected him also infected another person or other people, who also infected or may have infected others not in the "shame list" indicated above.

In fact if one had the means to trace the whole "Liyumba" cycle (s)he may find out that within this cycle HIV/AIDS might be very much closer to his/her home than previously thought/imagined... so long as one has boyfriend/girlfriend, friends and relatives of either gender who are sexually active.

IMHO finger pointing and assumptions should be a thing of the past instead people should condomize and regularly go for VCT.

Hata waswahili husema ajidhaniaye amesimama aangalie asianguke.

"A stitch in time saves nine."
210.gif
 
mzizimkavu said:
kamanda amatus liumba laanatullahi‏

inasikitisha,yarabi tunusuru!




Waliopitiwa na kamanda amatus liumba aliyekuwa mkurugenzi wa utumishi pale bot dar es salaaam maarufu kama twin tower:
Hofu kubwa imetanda jijini dar es salaam na kwingineko miongoni mwa wanawake na hata baadhi ya wanaume baada ya aliyekuwa mkurugenzi wa utumishi wa bot, amatus liumba kufikishwa mahakamani kwa tuhuma za kuisababishia serikali hasara ya shilingi bilioni 200/= kutokana na mradi wa majengo pacha ya benki hiyo yaani twin towers na kutolewa kwa orodha ndefu ya akina dada na akina mama aliotembea nao na kuwaambukiza kwa makusudi ukimwi!!
Hali inasikitisha sana hasa ukisoma orodha hiyo ambayo wengi wanaonekana kuwa ni vijana wadogo lakini kutokana na tamaa yao ya pesa na kupenda mambo makubwa kwa njia ya mteremko sasa huenda kukawatokea puani.
Bw. Liumba ambaye anasifika kwa ubingwa wake wa kuhonga pesa na hasa magari kwa akina dada zetu wenye tamaa, alijijengea umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na style yake ya kuhonga magari yenye rangi nyekundu akimaanisha tayari amekuambukiza ukimwi.
Lakini hivi sasa inasemekana akitembea na mwanamke anamhonga gari jeusi kuashiria msiba upo hapo mwanawane!!!
Sasa ifuatayo hapo chini ni orodha ya baadhi ya mademu aliowapitia mkware huyo ikibidi itaongezeka baada ye, swali linakuja tutapona kweli kwa mwendo huu?
1.cristabela mwingira.
2.joan.
3.ray c.
4.mboni mhita na mama yake zabein mhita naye kapitiwa.
5.maimartha wa jesse.(mama mkorogo).
6..asha kingui (kaolewa na liumba).
7.raya (yuko london anasambaza miwaya kwa kwenda mbele).
8.mastura (sasa marehemu).
9.linda ( huyu inasemekana ni mtoto wake kabisa na liumba duh).
10wema sepetu.(former miss tanzania).
11.sada ******.
12.vivian sirikwa.
13.irene uwoya (muigizaji filamu maarufu bongo).
14.mary chingwile.
15.neema mjango.
16.diana.
17.sophia byanaku.
18.hamida kinana.
19.shamsa.
20.devota diva.
21.jacquline ntuyabalilwe (haya, "you know i am crazy over you", kazi ipo).
22.johari.
23.esther lema.
24.mange kimambi.
25.teddy kalonga (zamani alikuwa anatangaza jackpot bingo itv).
26.lady jd (masikini mwimbaji wetu, gardner anayo kazi ila na yeye ni kiwembe).
27.fina mango (aliyekuwa anatangaza power breakfast na masoud kipanya pale clouds fm).
28.najma.
29. Marehemu amina chifupa (wakasingizia eti karogwa).
30.nancy sumari.(miss world africa).
31.irene kiwia.
32.mary stella (alikuwa demu wa marehemu mutie mengi wa eatv).
33.jackie kavishe.(mbezi loius kimara).
34.suzi wa mdeke.
35.happinness magese (former miss tanzania).
36.rashida wanjala (aliwahi kuwa miss mara).
37.alice biduga.
38.lydia moshi (mwenye magic massage namanga).
39.salima masoud (mke wa masoud kipanya kajengewa na ghorofa wanayoishi na mumewe hapatoshi hapo).
40.vicky kamata.("wanawake na maendeleo", kumbe bure)
41.lucy ngongoseke kiwehle (sasa hivi ni meneja wa mawasiliano standard chattered bank zamani alikuwa multi choice).
42.fatuma uledi wa tra (nasikia yuko hoi bin taabani).
43.carol kirita.
44.shyrose bhanji (senior public relations manager nmb, kama ni kweli yesu rudi haraka).
Nb:jamani orodha ni ndefu mno kama unafahamu wengine ongezea kwa muda wako, sasa hawa mademu wengi wao walikuwa wanazunguka kwa mapedeshee na watu wenye pesa dar baadhi yao ni:
1.zadoc.
2.mlatie (mwenye rose garden pale mikocheni majimachafu).
3.mujuni (wa epa).
4.lawrence masha (waziri wetu wa mambo ya ndani).
5.cisco mtiro (aliyekuwa mkuu wa itifaki ikulu kazi ipo).
6.papaa msofe.
7.jack pemba.
8.bashir awadh (md wa stanbic bank kama sikosei).
9.ray (wa regency hotel).
10.kinjekitile ngombale mwiru.
11.alex massawe.( mwenye a.m. Investment).
12.mudhamil(kampani ya akina msofe).
13.crecensious magori (jamaa wa nssf
Click to expand...


mamaaaaa yangu huyo dada niliyemu-highlight hapo juu nimesoma naye elimu ya sekondari arusha---she was very beautiful, long time sijamuona, jamani jamani, this is disaster now
 
Source:Vijana Mwanza kutahiriwa wasiambukizwe ukimwi

Vijana Mwanza kutahiriwa wasiambukizwe ukimwi


SERIKALI mkoa wa Mwanza, inatarajia kuanza kuwafanyia tohara vijana wa kiume, wenye umri wa kuanzia miaka 10 hadi 15, katika kampeni inayolenga kuwanusuru na maambukizi ya ugonjwa hatari wa ukimwi, imefahamika.


Mpango huo unatarajiwa kuanza hivi karibuni kufuatia kuwepo kwa ongezeko kubwa la maambukizi ya ukimwi mkoani hapa.
Click to expand...

My Take:

Sikujua kuwa mpaka leo kuna baadhi ambao hawatahiriwi, katika zama hizi. Jamani ni vema akina baba Mkatahiriwa kupunguza maambukizi ya Ukimwi.
 
Superman said:
Source:Vijana Mwanza kutahiriwa wasiambukizwe ukimwi



My Take:

Sikujua kuwa mpaka leo kuna baadhi ambao hawatahiriwi, katika zama hizi. Jamani ni vema akina baba Mkatahiriwa kupunguza maambukizi ya Ukimwi.
Click to expand...

Tutatafuta visingizio kibao tusipobadili mwenendo wa tabia za maisha yetu tutakwisha. Ingekuwa tohara ndio tiba basi wanaume wa kichaga wote wengenusurika na janga la ukimwi maana tohara kwao ni jadi yao. Wachaga mliopo humu ndani hebu tuambieni kama hakuna ndugu zenu wakiume ambao waliambukizwa au wameambukizwa virusi vya ukimwi. Na kama wapo walivipataje wakati walishafanya tohara tena tokea enzi za utoto?
 
Superman said:
Source:Vijana Mwanza kutahiriwa wasiambukizwe ukimwi



My Take:

Sikujua kuwa mpaka leo kuna baadhi ambao hawatahiriwi, katika zama hizi. Jamani ni vema akina baba Mkatahiriwa kupunguza maambukizi ya Ukimwi.
Click to expand...

Naona unawashauri watu ku-normalize vitu msivyovielewa vyema. Its sad indeed jinsi waafrika walivyo na mawazo finyu na walivyo tayari kuacha kufanya tafakuri sahihi kuhusu maisha yao na mustakabali wa maisha yao. Hivi ukimwi tangu lini unakingwa kwa kutahiriwa..lol.

With this mediocre thinking, its obvious our generation will perish out of ignorance.
 
andindile said:
Tutatafuta visingizio kibao tusipobadili mwenendo wa tabia za maisha yetu tutakwisha.
Click to expand...

Mkuu; Utafiti wa kisayansi unaonyesha kuwa ambao hawajatahiriwa ni rahisi sana kuambukiza/kuambukizwa ukimwi kuliko waliotahiriwa.
 
Abdulhalim said:
Naona unawashauri watu ku-normalize vitu msivyovielewa vyema. Its sad indeed jinsi waafrika walivyo na mawazo finyu na walivyo tayari kuacha kufanya tafakuri sahihi kuhusu maisha yao na mustakabali wa maisha yao. Hivi ukimwi tangu lini unakingwa kwa kutahiriwa..lol.

With this mediocre thinking, its obvious our generation will perish out of ignorance.
Click to expand...


Mkuu; umesoma source link. Hebu kong'oli hapa umsikie Mtaaluma wa Ngozi :) anavyosema:

Vijana Mwanza kutahiriwa wasiambukizwe ukimwi
 
Superman said:
Mkuu; Utafiti wa kisayansi unaonyesha kuwa ambao hawajatahiriwa ni rahisi sana kuambukiza/kuambukizwa ukimwi kuliko waliotahiriwa.
Click to expand...

Mkuu, tunatafuta majibu mepesi kwa maswali magumu. Swaziland na afik Kusini ambako maambukizo yao ni makubwa sana katika Afrika, ni jadi kwa wanaume wa makabila ya huko kutahiriwa. Jiulize, pamoja na hayo mbona maambukizo bado ni makubwa kuliko sehemu nyingine Afrika? Nadhani inabidi kwenda zaidi ya kutahiriwa, vinginevyo tutakuja na sababu kedekede kila siku.
 
Abdulhalim said:
Thats what i called mediocre to sub-standard thinking, hamna jipya ktk hiyo link...its sad jinsi kila kitu kinavyofanywa kisiasa na kifisadi. No sane man or woman anayeamini kuwa ataepuka HIV infection kwa circumcision ..
Click to expand...

Mkuu, tusaidiane maana hii ni vita: Here are some facts you can comment:


[ame="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS"]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS[/ame]


Randomized controlled trials have shown that male circumcision lowers the risk of HIV infection among heterosexual men by up to 60%.[91] It is expected that this procedure will be actively promoted in many of the countries affected by HIV, although doing so will involve confronting a number of practical, cultural and attitudinal issues.

Some experts fear that a lower perception of vulnerability among circumcised men may result in more sexual risk-taking behavior, thus negating its preventive effects.[92] However, one randomized controlled trial indicated that adult male circumcision was not associated with increased HIV risk behavior.[93]
Click to expand...


[ame="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision"]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision[/ame]

The World Health Organization (WHO; 2007), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS; 2007), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2008) state that evidence indicates male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by men during penile-vaginal sex, but also state that circumcision only provides partial protection and should not replace other interventions to prevent transmission of HIV.[13][14]
Click to expand...


http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/49982.php

Male circumcision, a practice thousands of years old, is slowly becoming recognised as a potentially powerful weapon to combat the spread of HIV infection. Such people as Bill Gates and Bill Clinton, are starting to consider circumcision seriously as a result of scientific evidence. Clinton said, in the 16th International AIDS Conference, Toronto, that circumcision must be considered if research shows it saves lives.
Click to expand...
 
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