A Ugandan perspective of Nairobi city
POSTED 17/11/2011
by Taboola
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Kampala City should emulate Nairobi’s orderly development
By William G. Naggaga
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Last month, my wife and I spent a week in Nairobi visiting family members, taking in the beauty of the city, plus ‘medical tourism’. Nairobi is a city of my youth, I went to university there from 1967 -70. It was and still is the most cosmopolitan city in East Africa. I used to joke with my friends in Makerere and Dar-es-Salaam that while some of us were studying in a real city, they were stuck in small towns.
Since I left university, I have gone back to Nairobi countless times. The city has continued to grow in an orderly and planned manner, almost non-stop. A break of a couple of years from going there will surprise you; as old sleepy neighbourhoods you knew are turned into new suburbs complete with skyscrapers, highways, shopping centres, schools, hospitals, etc., all laid out neatly with trees and plants lining the streets. This is in direct contrast to Kampala which has haphazardly expanded in size without actually developing.
Kampala City, if you can call it a city, is nothing more than a collection of ‘slum’ dwellings, with a very poor infrastructure dating back to the 1920s – 30s when the city had a population of less than 300,000 (compared to 3m – 4m today). Although it has expanded in size from seven hills to over 22 hills, the city infrastructure has lagged behind by decades. Less than 10 per cent of Kampala is covered by the central sewerage system. There are hardly any good roads to talk about and a large number of residents of Kampala have no running water.
Besides the infrastructure, the city authority has abdicated its planning responsibility and its engineers, health inspectors, market supervisors and what have you, only exist in name. Unplanned buildings have collapsed in the middle of the city killing and injuring people and hardly anyone has been prosecuted. There are cases of well-connected people blocking off public roads and converting them into private roads. Others have actually built in road reserves, well knowing that they are blocking other people’s access.
Plots of land are sub-divided into ridiculously tiny sizes and huge ugly structures are crammed into them. The few roads that exist are unlit, except when the Chogms of this world come to town. The bulbs are thereafter stolen. A small downpour floods the city because Nakivubo Channel and other outlets have become garbage dumps. Incidentally, less than 60 per cent of the garbage generated everyday is ever collected, part of it by companies privately engaged and paid for by residents. The city authority remains backward, inefficient and corrupt.
Going back to Nairobi, the city is unrecognisable from what it was in 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and even in 2000! It has developed in an orderly fashion with fully integrated satellite towns; all built according to the city plans and by-laws, which specify in detail the type of developments allowed, down to the sizes of plot in which they are constructed. In the city, boda bodas and matatus are banned in the central business district which is serviced by private cars, buses and special hire taxis. Plans are underway to build a commuter train service that will make transport more affordable to the local people commuting into the city.
Upscale suburbs like Riverside, Milimani, Kilimani, Lavington, Mathaiga, Karen, Lower Kabete, etc., are comparable to upscale neighbourhoods in a developed country. The number of foreigners (including Ugandans) investing in real estate in Nairobi, is on the rise.
For Kampala to remotely resemble Nairobi the following must happen:
• All illegal structures must be demolished regardless of who owns them.
• A new master plan for Kampala should be drawn up in consultation with all stakeholders.
• The law that established the Kampala Capital City Authority must be reviewed in order to clearly define the functions / roles of the Lord Mayor and those of the Executive Director of the Kampala Capital City Authority. The present situation of deliberate ambiguity in their roles is untenable and will only lead to the total collapse of order in the city.
• Government should inject massive resources for modernisation of the city and act as a guarantor of borrowed funds, without interfering in the running of the city.
• All professional staff should be recruited on the basis of meritocracy and not political affiliation.
• The people must be sensitised on all new plans for Kampala and made partners in its development.
Mr Naggaga is an economist, administrator and retired ambassador