A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, i.e., constant viscosity independent of stress. In non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity can change when under force to either more liquid or more solid. Ketchup, for example, becomes runnier when shaken and is thus a non-Newtonian fluid. Many salt solutions and molten polymers are non-Newtonian fluids, as are many commonly found substances such as custard, honey, toothpaste, starch suspensions, corn starch, paint, blood, melted butter, and shampoo.
Most commonly, the viscosity (the gradual deformation by shear or tensile stresses) of non-Newtonian fluids is dependent on shear rate or shear rate history. Some non-Newtonian fluids with shear-independent viscosity, however, still exhibit normal stress-differences or other non-Newtonian behavior. In a Newtonian fluid, the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is linear, passing through the origin, the constant of proportionality being the coefficient of viscosity. In a non-Newtonian fluid, the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is different. The fluid can even exhibit time-dependent viscosity. Therefore, a constant coefficient of viscosity cannot be defined.
Although the concept of viscosity is commonly used in fluid mechanics to characterize the shear properties of a fluid, it can be inadequate to describe non-Newtonian fluids. They are best studied through several other rheological properties that relate stress and strain rate tensors under many different flow conditions—such as oscillatory shear or extensional flow—which are measured using different devices or rheometers. The properties are better studied using tensor-valued constitutive equations, which are common in the field of continuum mechanics.
Jeshi la Polisi Mkoa wa Mjini Magharibi Unguja linawashikilia watu kumi na mbili kwa tuhuma za kukutwa wakila mchana hadharani kipindi hiki cha Mwezi mtukufu wa Ramadhan ambao wanaifanya kuwa idadi ya watu waliokamatwa kwa tuhuma za kutenda makosa mbalimbali kufikia sitini na mbili
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Mwenye kujua format ya username kwa non-necta applicant wa mkopo bodi ya mikopo elimu ya juu anisaidie tafadhali, mfano format ya necta applicant ni S0143.0078.1990.
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Non Executive Director for Vodacom Tanzania PLC
Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salam, Tanzania, United Republic of
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Sitholizwe Mdlalose appointed as a Non-Executive Director
The Company announced on 10 May 2022 that Sitholizwe Mdlalose, the Company’s Managing Director will be...
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