eliakeem
JF-Expert Member
- May 29, 2009
- 17,807
- 16,477
Pia huyo jamaa mwaka huo alikuwa ananyonya au hajazaliwa.
Somalia's Overthrown Dictator, Mohammed Siad Barre, Is Dead
By George James
Jan. 3, 1995
Credit...The New York Times Archives
See the article in its original context from
January 3, 1995, Section C, Page 41Buy Reprints
VIEW ON TIMESMACHINE
TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers.
About the Archive
This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.
Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.
Maj. Gen. Mohammed Siad Barre, who was overthrown as President of Somalia in 1991 after ruling that impoverished African country for more than 20 years, died yesterday in exile in Lagos, Nigeria.
Official accounts put his age near 74, but reference books place his birth variously between 1912 and 1920.
General Siad Barre's departure from the scene four years ago left Somalia without a central authority, on the brink of mass starvation and with a civil war among feuding clans and their militias.
As commander of the armed forces, he had taken control of Somalia, in the Horn of Africa, in 1969. The country of about nine million -- mostly nomads -- with a per capita income of about $175 a year is one of the most impoverished.
General Siad Barre's rule was marked by a war with Ethiopia, a flip-flop in political alliances from the Soviet Union to the United States, and growing allegations of human rights abuses.
In its final years, his Government steadily lost control of much of the countryside to the chiefs of warring clans, plunging the country into racking social and economic problems. Human rights groups issued reports citing a consistent pattern of political imprisonment, torture, political killings and discrimination against the Isaaks clan.
In May 1986, President Siad Barre was seriously injured in an automobile accident, but later that year he was nominated by the country's sole legal political party for re-election, ran uncontested and won a new seven-year term.
Yet there continued to be questions about the extent of his recovery. Reports of feeble health combined with the country's internal strife led to a weakening of his grasp on power, American officials believed. Toward the end, they said, he was struggling to arrange a succession that would insure that his family and clan -- the Marehan clan -- remained in power.
Many believed he was grooming his son, Maslah, who was a Soviet-trained army general.
Instead, Somalia was steeped in turmoil. United Nations and United States troops partly managed to open relief-supply lines to a famished population, but that costly effort, too, has yet to bring about a political solution and peace to the country.
According to his Government's version, General Siad Barre was born in 1919 or 1921. He was educated in private schools in Mogadishu, the capital, and attended the Military Academy in Italy and School of Administration and Politics in Somalia.
From 1941 to 1960 he served in the Somali Police Force and rose to the rank of chief inspector. In 1960, when the Somali Republic was created out of territories formerly ruled by the Italians and British, he was made a colonel and deputy commandant of the newly formed Somali National Army. He rose to brigadier general in 1962 and major general in 1966.
On Oct. 21, 1969, shortly after the President, Dr. Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, was assassinated by a police officer in a factional quarrel, General Siad Barre led a successful and bloodless coup. Assuming power, he espoused "scientific socialism," arguing there was no inconsistency with the principles of Islam, and turned to the Soviet Union for support.
In 1977, his army invaded the disputed Ogaden area of southeastern Ethiopia. At about the same time, Ethiopia split with the United States and became more closely aligned with the Soviet Union. With the help of Cuban troops and billions of dollars' worth of Soviet weapons, the Ethiopians turned back the Somalis in 1978.
General Siad Barre denounced the Russians and turned to the United States. Somalia received military and economic aid from the United States for a promise of American use of the port of Berbera on the Gulf of Aden. But aid declined drastically as allegations of human rights abuses rose. In 1989, Somalia revived contacts with Libya.
In May 1988, fierce fighting broke out in the north between the Government and rebels who contended they had been discriminated against by the Siad Barre Government and were fighting for a more democratic Government.
A report commissioned by the State Department and made public in September 1989 said the Somali Army "purposely murdered" at least 5,000 unarmed civilians over a 10-month period in the early phases. The Government denied the allegation.
More than 10,000 people were reported killed in the months that followed, with allegations that the Somali military had bombed towns and strafed fleeing residents.
Amnesty International said in August 1988 that since 1981 the Government had used torture and "widespread arbitrary arrests, ill treatment and summary executions" of civilians suspected of collaborating with the rebels.
In his last year in office, President Siad Barre promised reforms to introduce multi-party democracy.
In June 1990, a hundred prominent citizens signed a declaration called the Mogadishu Manifesto, calling for his resignation and the appointment of a transitional government pending free elections.
He called the manifesto "destructive," and jailed 45 of those who had signed it, but about a month later he ordered their release. He agreed to multi-party parliamentary elections to be scheduled in February but later canceled them and the civil war took its course.
MY TAKE
Endeleeni ku-fabricate lies! It's pity that the whole kunyan media doesn't know when he died!
cha ajabu wana mazingira wapo kimya ila likija suala la EACOP kelele mob! Hypocrisy ya hawa watu ni level nyingine!
Muache kujipendekeza ati mutura soldier from KDF went to rescue him! Mko desperate for glory mpaka mna fabricate story! Ati Siad Barre died shortly after! He died 4 years after being overthrown in Lagos.But you agree he came to kenya before dying of a heart attack in lagos, how can you flee to kenya using a tank,the pilot clearly stated where he took the president and his family from then brought them to Nairobi, wewe nikama ulikua on scene[emoji1787][emoji1787]
Mnapaswa kumvisha kengele paka (Paul Kagame) kwanza! La ivyo mtapeleka majeshi kule halafu mtazungukwa!
Hata Rwanda isipokuwepo wewe unadhani Kagame ataacha kusaidia M23 au kuingiza RDF DRC? Na hao wanaopeleka ni kwa dhumuni gani? Kama si kulinda self interests?Lkn hapo awali si nasikia DRC ilikataa mshirika huyo asiwepo kwenye mpango.
Nadhani walikuwa sahihi, maana mkipanga wakati adui yenu yupo katikati yenu si ataenda kujipanga sawa sawia na mpango wenu mlioupanga dhidi yake!!
Expressway imeshaanza kurudisha chenchi 😅😅😅😅
View attachment 2271101
Hell no! Hamna Mtanzania anasema sipangwigwi au kakitu kidogo! Tuma na ya kutoa is pretty common 😂😂Kenyan phrases to the world. Watanzania watasema these phrases started from Tanzania 😂😂
View attachment 2271361
None of the phrases above originated from Tanzania. That's what I'm trying to say.Hell no! Hamna Mtanzania anasema sipangwigwi au kakitu kidogo! Tuma na ya kutoa is pretty common 😂😂
Nairobi gani sioni mathree kwa stage.utasikia hili ndiyo jiji kuu East sfrika ..kwa udongo huu na majengo chakavu
nairobi ni hovyo sanaView attachment 2271354
Hata Rwanda isipokuwepo wewe unadhani Kagame ataacha kusaidia M23 au kuingiza RDF DRC? Na hao wanaopeleka ni kwa dhumuni gani? Kama si kulinda self interests?
Wewe unaamini Ugandan na Kenyan armies wanaiva chungu kimoja? Lets wait and see!Ataendelea kusaidia, lkn azipokuwepo kwenye mpango hali itakuwa tofauti. Akiwemo kupanga counter inakuwa rahisi sana.
Dijajua lengo la nchi hizo, lkn cha msingi waende kuwatokomeza m23.
[emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23]Hii expressway ni watanzania tu wanatumianga, sisi wakenya hatuwezi afford, we pay for parking in town 300 bob everyday, tukitumia the lower normal road we get stuck in traffic and spend over 300 jus burning fuel on traffic, mimi naona watanzania tu ndio wanaweza tumia hii barabara [emoji1787][emoji1787]
Dodoma is a shithole townUhuru na Kazi. This is Turkana county, can any witch show us a wide road like this in Dodoma?
View attachment 2271363
Hiyo kiingereza rahisi hujaelewa? 😂😂😂😂Kwahiyo kumbe JPM amewekewa kabisa show kwenye TV ya Kenya? 🙄
Tuma na ya kutoa ni kiswahili safi unaweza kuona tofauti kati yake na Kiswahili cha Kunyaland!None of the phrases above originated from Tanzania. That's what I'm trying to say.