Statistics is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups of people or objects such as "all people living in a country" or "every atom composing a crystal". Statistics deals with every aspect of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. See glossary of probability and statistics.
When census data cannot be collected, statisticians collect data by developing specific experiment designs and survey samples. Representative sampling assures that inferences and conclusions can reasonably extend from the sample to the population as a whole. An experimental study involves taking measurements of the system under study, manipulating the system, and then taking additional measurements using the same procedure to determine if the manipulation has modified the values of the measurements. In contrast, an observational study does not involve experimental manipulation.
Two main statistical methods are used in data analysis: descriptive statistics, which summarize data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard deviation, and inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data that are subject to random variation (e.g., observational errors, sampling variation). Descriptive statistics are most often concerned with two sets of properties of a distribution (sample or population): central tendency (or location) seeks to characterize the distribution's central or typical value, while dispersion (or variability) characterizes the extent to which members of the distribution depart from its center and each other. Inferences on mathematical statistics are made under the framework of probability theory, which deals with the analysis of random phenomena.
A standard statistical procedure involves the test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and synthetic data drawn from an idealized model. A hypothesis is proposed for the statistical relationship between the two data sets, and this is compared as an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship between two data sets. Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using statistical tests that quantify the sense in which the null can be proven false, given the data that are used in the test. Working from a null hypothesis, two basic forms of error are recognized: Type I errors (null hypothesis is falsely rejected giving a "false positive") and Type II errors (null hypothesis fails to be rejected and an actual relationship between populations is missed giving a "false negative"). Multiple problems have come to be associated with this framework: ranging from obtaining a sufficient sample size to specifying an adequate null hypothesis.Measurement processes that generate statistical data are also subject to error. Many of these errors are classified as random (noise) or systematic (bias), but other types of errors (e.g., blunder, such as when an analyst reports incorrect units) can also occur. The presence of missing data or censoring may result in biased estimates and specific techniques have been developed to address these problems.
The earliest writings on probability and statistics, statistical methods drawing from probability theory, date back to Arab mathematicians and cryptographers, notably Al-Khalil (717–786) and Al-Kindi (801–873). In the 18th century, statistics also started to draw heavily from calculus. In more recent years statistics has relied more on statistical software to produce these tests such as descriptive analysis.
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Badala ya kujificha na kulalamika kuhusu ajira fungueni centers/madarasa/ ofisi Mikoani, Wilayani na hasa mikoa yenye taasisi za elimu ya juu ama vyuo vikuu, kuna fursa kubwa sana sana.
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Nafikiri toka uhuru hatujawahi kufanya mradi mkubwa namna hii. Kukamilika kwake kutatujengea roho ya uthubutu kwenye miradi mikubwa.
Eneo la ziwa litakuwa na ukubwa wa karibu km za eneo 1,350. Hii ni kama mara mbili ya ukubwa wa Mtera. Na kwa eneo litakuwa la tano nyuma ya ziwa Rukwa.
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POST DIRECTOR OF ICT AND STATISTICS – 1 POST
EMPLOYER Medical Stores Department (MSD)
APPLICATION TIMELINE: 2022-07-30 2022-08-12
JOB SUMMARY NA
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
i. To advise the Director General on all matters related to ICT Systems and ICT governance;
ii. To coordinate and ensures...
Nowadays, the world is driven by data. High quality data is a must for development impact. We know that high-quality data is the foundation for meaningful policy-making, efficient resource allocation, and effective public service delivery. We need high quality data to achieve a valid and better...
Habari zenu wakuu kama mada inavyojieleza apo juu naomba msaada nataka kujua maswali yao na vitu vingine navoweza kitana nayo hii ndio interview yangu ya kwanza.
Nimetumiwa text message nimeambiw nijibu yes or no km ntakua available j3, kingine anasema inaweza kuwa physically au through Zoom...
Elimu Tech Foundation (ETF) ni shirika jipya lisilo la kiserikali linalojishughulisha na maendeleo ya tehama kwenye elimu hususani kwenye shule za serikali kwa kuhakikisha miundombinu ya tehama kwenye shule nchini inaboreshwa na kuhimiza matumizi sahihi ya tehama kwenye elimu kama msingi wa...
Sorry wakubwa wang wa jf nimebahatika kuchaguliwa kozi za science in quantity survey and construction economics pal ardh pia science ya mathematics and statistics pale udom..kozi zote nazipenda na pia nazikubali but nilikua naomben ushaur zaid ipi iko poa zaidi hapoo kwa mwenye uelewa zaidi...
Kamati ya haki za binadamu (IPU) imezitaka mamlaka husika nchini Tanzania kuhakikisha usalama wa kiongozi huyo pindi atakaporejea nchini. Aidha, kamati hiyo inadai kuwa tangu Tundu Lissu atangaze nia ya kurejea nchini hivi karibuni imekuwa ikilifuatilia suala hilo kwa ukaribu.
Mh. Tundu Lissu...
This video compares some of the countries in Eastern Africa using their GDP Nominal, GDP Per Capita and their total Population. This video is based on data gotten from World bank, Imf and Wikipedia from 1960 to 2020.
Level ya degree sijasoma kozi ya hesabu (lmv). Lakini nina A ya advanced mathematics naweza kusoma Masters ya Math au Statistics coz ninamsingi mzuri A level
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