Umeme ni mtiririko wa Electrons Kama umesoma vizuri structure of matter utagundua kuwa electrons ni iko nje na orbit Nuclear ambapo nuclear ina Protons and Neutrons, Sasa kila Material yana external structure ya Electrons na Orbit hizi tunaita Valance orbit ambapo ndio hudetermine nature na sifa ya material. Valance shell ni shell ya mwisho ktk element hii ndio ita tu guide kusema hii metal,Non metal au Semiconductor ,Electrons ina mass ndogo mno yani huwa iko negligible Kuna kitu tunaita EMF hii ni force ambayo huitoa electrons ktk shel yake na kuiforce hii ndio pressure yenye kutoa mzukumo wq kupush electrons na tunaipima kwa Kutumia Volts,Umeme husafiri kwa kupitia Conductor yani material yanayo offer low resistance ya kuruhusu chargi kupita easly mfano silver is best one ikija copper,alluminium sambaba na zinginezo kama brass,iron gold etc