Tujifunze kidogo kuhusu ndege (airplane)

[mkorosho]

Apa utakua unazungumzia zile ndege zinazoruka na kutua kwenye meli za kivita(Aircraft carrier). Ni hivi ndege zinahitaji umbali mrefu wa runway kwa ajili ya kufikia ile speed itayoiwezesha kuruka around 1 hadi 3km, lakini hizi meli za kivita haziwezi kutengenezwa zikawa na urefu huoo. Meli kubwa za kivita nyingi kwa urefu hua ni chini ya 400 Metre, hivyo basi ili ndege ya kivita iweze kuruka inapewa msaada na kifaa kimoja kinaitwa Catapult. Hichi kifaa kinafanya kazi ya kuifyatua ndege kama vile manati inavyofyatua jiwe. Kwenye tyre la mbele la ndege ya kivita wakati wa kuruka linaunganishwa na ile catapult. Hii Catapult inafanya kazi kwa kutumia pressure kubwa ya upepo pamoja na mvuke(steam). Kabla ya kuruka Catapult operator anacheki uzito wa ndege ili ajua ataweka pressure ya kiwango gani kwenye ile Catapult ili ndege iweze kufikia ile speed yake ya kuruka katika ule umbali mfupi ambao hua ni less than 100Metre. Baada ya kupima uzito anaset presure, then ana anaruhusu ule mvuke na upepo ukiwa kwenye pressure ya juu ile aliyoweka kwenda kusukuma piston mbili zilizopo kwenye airtight tube na ambazo zimeunganishwa na ile Catapult. Kwa kuwa ile pressure ya air+steam iko juu sana bac ndege inafyatuka na kufikia take-off speed yake ndani ya umbali mfupi na hatimae kuruka. Mfano kwenye aircraft carrier kama Nimitz class ya U.S Catapult inanguvu na uwezo wa kuifyatua na kurusha Landrover kwa umbali wa KM 1. Wakati wa kutua pia ndege inadakwa na kamba ambayo kwa ndani ya meli ile kamba imeunganishwa na system ya piston pamoja na oil cylinder, kwa hiyo rubani akija kutua anatakiwa engine iwe kwenye full power ili ikitokea ile hook ya kwenye mkia wa ndege imeikosa ile kamba pale kwenye meli basi hapo hapo rubani anaruka na kuzunguka ili atue tena. Mara tu ndege inapotua na kuikamata ile kamba,ile kamba inasukuma zile piston na zenyewe zinakuwa zina icompress ile oil kwenye cylinder kwa ajili ya kupotesha ile nguvu ya mwendo wa ndege na hatimae ndege inasimama.View attachment 686638 Catapult
View attachment 686639ndege ikiwa imeunganishwa na catapult

Mkuu nimeelewa mpaka naweza na mimi kufundisha hii..thanks sana sana for your time ...umtype maneno mengi sana bila kuchoka ubarikiwe mnoooo..

 

[coscated]

Nini huchangia uamuzi wa kupaa kwa umbali wa futi kadhaa, ni hali ya hewa, aina ya ndege au maamuzi ya rubani?

 

[Shebbydo]

Nini huchangia uamuzi wa kupaa kwa umbali wa futi kadhaa, ni hali ya hewa, aina ya ndege au maamuzi ya rubani?

Kupaa umbali kiasi fulani kwanza kabisa niuwezo wa ndege na safari yenyewe. Ndege ndogo haziwezi kwenda mbali sana.

 

[Mkonowatembo]

Safi sana mkuu.

 

[coscated]

Kifaa cha kuzuia radi kinafungwa mahala gani kwenye ndege?

 

[Papa Mopao]

Mimi naomba kuuliza, pale chini kwenye cockpit kuna vikanyagio viwili ambavyo rubani anatumia kuvikanyaga, vina kazi gani vile?

 

[Metadata]

Mimi naomba kuuliza, pale chini kwenye cockpit kuna vikanyagio viwili ambavyo rubani anatumia kuvikanyaga, vina kazi gani vile?

Rudder na speed brake. Rudder primarily used to counter adverse yaw and p-factor..(directional control of aircraft)..speed brake ni kama brake za kwenye tairi za gari, on airplane controled by hydraulics used to drag the whole weight of the plane to complete stop. (Adding Airbrake from spoillers, reverse thrust)

 

[Metadata]

Kifaa cha kuzuia radi kinafungwa mahala gani kwenye ndege?

Ukiangalia across wings pane of the plane kuna kama viji waya, au small antenna like pin pointed projections stretching away from wing edges. Kazi zake ni ku direct all the static charges built across the outer skin of the craft *(friction with air/lightning) and hence dissipate them.

So ikitokea lightning strike, (up to 10Kv volt build up), the surface becomes live, acting as current conductuctor, the net charges get dissipated away by these antennas.

The conduction of the electricity is made possible by the conducting characteristic of the material of the surface of the craft itself.

 

[Metadata]

Kupaa umbali kiasi fulani kwanza kabisa niuwezo wa ndege na safari yenyewe. Ndege ndogo haziwezi kwenda mbali sana.

Safari kama ni ndefu, to economize fuel consumption, ndege lazima iwe zaidi ya at least 35000 feet (10Km), huko hewa ni very thin so low drag against the heading of the craft due to wind,( fuel consumption trade off with power) hence, less power less fuel, stable and smooth flight.

No fluctuating weather like lower altitudes

More room for recovery , ikitokea tatizo like " stall" (fail to maintain lift) basi una kms 12 kucheza na ndege hadi ikae sawa (recovery).
No traffic, for safety. U can relax for the long haul.

Above 37 feet, is a limit. No enough air to manage aerodynamics for the craft (standard commercial) to maintain lift.

Small Air craft, (SHORT HAUL FLIGHTS) are not designed to such cruizing altitude, sababu; the more the altitude the more time to climb and more time to descend at cost of fuel.
Plus, the more the altitude the more extra oxygen needed to presurrize the cabin.

 

[Metadata]

Swali lingine ni kua je ndege inaweza kuelea angani kutokana na kua mbali na gravitation force na kupelekea kutumia mafuta kidogo mkuu..assante..

There is no cutoff distance.

The amount of gravity (G) is proportional to 1/distance square
no matter how lengthy the distance gets - this is never zero.(never insignificant)

What you see for spacecraft in orbit is technically NOT zero g. The force of gravity in orbit is almost exactly the same as it is here on Earth.

The reason that both people and object float around is that centrifugal force is exactly counteracting gravity.

So we should properly call this “free fall” because literally zero g is impossible.

 

[Metadata]

kuna mandege ya jeshi naona huwa yanaruka kwenye distance fupi na wakati wa kutua yanazuiliwa kwa kamba nyuma juu ya mkia wa ndege (ulisema huna expirience lakini naomba hata adea tu Mkuu) then zinasimama

Short take off, fighter jets zina engine kama za rocket. The zero to take off speed is achieved by too much thrust generated from massive engines..other factors, mass,delta wings, flap settings, add up in the process.

 

[Metadata]

naona watu wengi wamestic kwenye technical issues...naomba niulize kiabiria zaidi....(sijawahi kupanda ndege) je endapo ndege itapata hitilafu angani tofauti na kufunga mkanda hamna option yoyote ya kujiokoa either kwa parachuti ni kusubiri tu mpaka ianguke?

Waliwai kuwaza kuweka ma parachute,

ila ajali inatokea kwa namna muda wa kuvaa hayo ma parachute kila mtu na ku ruka nayo hua hautoshi... ukitosha si kila mtu ataweza kulitumia parachute ipasavyo siku ya kwanza kuna watu wata "free fall"
Hilo moja.
La pili, hata ukiruka nje lazima ufe in seconds kutokana na hali ya hewa ya baridi kali sana (-56°C) @37000feet.(commercial airliner)

Pia usipokufa kwa baridi basi utakufa kwa ukosefu wa oxygen. Huko nje hewa ya oxygen ni dry sanaaaaa..na ni thin sana.... (oxygen tunayovuta kwa kawaida hua mixed na nitrogen na unyevu ndio tunaishi) huko nje sivyo.

Usipokufa kwa kukosa hewa basi utakufa kwa "bend effect" mabadiliko ya ghafla ya pressure damu lazima itoke puani au matundu yote ya mwili. Kwa wanao panda milima au deep sea divers wanaelewa, pressure ikibadilika basi lazima ujipe muda mwilo uzoee taratibu.


Waka conclude; badala ya kukuachia jukumu la usalam wako, basi wawaze kuhusu kuimarisha safety as a priority in aircraft recovery in such incidents. As in "automatiom and mechanics" all work together to switch between one another for different sequences in dangers.

 

[Metadata]

Ahaa nmekuelewa mkuu.....maana nlikua nawaza hapa kwamba ipo siku tutamwagikiwa mafuta kutoka juu!!

Chukua mfano wa methylated spirit, au ethanol au alcohol. Mafuta ya ndege ni hydrocarbons of the same family as those. Tabia ya hydrocarbons ni kwamba hazikawii ku evaporate ¥(low boilling point).
(Try spoil your skin surface with spiritt ,hand, ...feel cold in instant..wht happens?..where the spirit has gone?
Why feeling cold..??
the same imagine from 12Km to your surface, such distance buys time.. will the fuel stay in similar physical prosperty?

If time is not a factor, lets go by pressure,

tunajua the more the pressure the more the boilling point. Maji juu ya mlima yana boil at a temperature less than 100C. Ukiwa 12Kms above seaa level. Less and less Force per unit surfcae , hence ukimwaga mafuta kutoka 12Kms above sea level basi mpaka yanafika at normal surface sio mafuta tena.. turns into nothing[emoji1] [emoji1] ..

 

[Metadata]

Umemjibu mtu kua ndege ina ukomo wa matumizi. Je baada yakufikia muda wake wa mwisho kutumika inapelekwa wap? inakua recycled au?

20 years standard. *commercial crafts

 

[Metadata]

Naomba unieleweshe kuhusu Maelezo anayopewa ruban kuifata run way ilipo
mfano.. run way ipo "25 LEFT" nnn hasa maana yake?
kifaa gan hutumika kupata iyo direction?

Marubani hua na data zote, na huziingiza kwenye flight computer, kuanzia ramani, so ndege yenyewe inaweza kukuongoza hadi pale runaway ilipo. Kuna uzembe hua unatokea , kuenda wrong runaway, hua wanakamatwa na hizi pre flight data fed on onboard computers.

Na hizi runaway hua aligned with reference of geographical northpole. (Earths magnetism)

 

[Metadata]

Gari unaweza kuchagua speed ya kuendesha mfano kwenda slow au kasi ,je ndege ikiwa angani inaweza kupunguza speed au kwenda speed Zaidi?

Speed is not a deal when it comes to planes, jins gani speed inaendana na uchumi wa mafuta ndio a deal.. speed inachaguliwa kulingana na altitude, phase of flight..adding up to the choice.

Kupunguza speed inatokea from initial phase of landing configuration, na kuongeza speed hua at full power during take off, to build up relative speed with air across the wing surface, the more the lift needed, the more air speed across wing Frame. (Like a bird flapping fast it wings).. ikifika 12kms above autopilots kicks in and regulate everything to smooth flight. Speed remains constantly throughout the flight. Untill landing phase to zero speed at a complete stop.

Too much speed inaweza sababisha stall , limited control, stress on controls surfaces, lakini too much low speed pia inasababisha stall... pia speed demanda goes with altitude.. kuna height inaitwa coffin corner.. hapo ndio umakini hua unahitajika.. another class for coffin corner.

 

[Metadata]

Mechanisim gani inafanyika kwa ndege ya kivita kuwa stealth?

Radar signal transitimission is set to very low frequency, undetectable to normal transmissions frequency bands.

Shape of craft and material dressing the cratf..shape means there are very few leading edges for radar to reflect from, reducing its signature . (B2)

Flying very low, close to surface of earth.. (nakumbuka mission ya kumkamata osama jamaa wali fly low low, for missing identity over the radar)

Technology nyingine hua ni siri.

 

[PRINCEd]

Speed is not a deal when it comes to planes, jins gani speed inaendana na uchumi wa mafuta ndio a deal.. speed inachaguliwa kulingana na altitude, phase of flight..adding up to the choice.

Kupunguza speed inatokea from initial phase of landing configuration, na kuongeza speed hua at full power during take off, to build up relative speed with air across the wing surface, the more the lift needed, the more air speed across wing Frame. (Like a bird flapping fast it wings).. ikifika 12kms above autopilots kicks in and regulate everything to smooth flight. Speed remains constantly throughout the flight. Untill landing phase to zero speed at a complete stop.

Too much speed inaweza sababisha stall , limited control, stress on controls surfaces, lakini too much low speed pia inasababisha stall... pia speed demanda goes with altitude.. kuna height inaitwa coffin corner.. hapo ndio umakini hua unahitajika.. another class for coffin corner.

Mkuu kuna siku nilikuwa safarini to somewhere nkashuhudia wind like, nafkiri yalikuwa maji yameganda coz tulivoyapita niliona km bawa upande wangu limeyapita na kama yamemwagika pale juu, nataka kujua hali kama iyo aimlazimu pilot kurusha ndege kwa kukwepa vitu km ivo ili yasitokee ya TITANIC na Iceberg....???

 

[Shebbydo]

Kifaa cha kuzuia radi kinafungwa mahala gani kwenye ndege?

Siyo kifaa kimoja tu mkuu kwa ajili ya static discharge, ni vi-antena vidogo vingi takribani 25 hivi vipo kwa kazi hiyo. Ukitaza kwenye tail kwa nyuma utaviona.

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[Shebbydo]

Mimi naomba kuuliza, pale chini kwenye cockpit kuna vikanyagio viwili ambavyo rubani anatumia kuvikanyaga, vina kazi gani vile?

Zile zinaitwa rudder pedals, hutumika kucontrol rudder kuegemea kushoto au kulia. Vilevile ni brake, ukiziganya kwa juu ni brake. (Rudder inahusika na yaw motion. Nilishaeleza huko nyuma).

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