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- Nov 9, 2006
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Kumekuwepo maswali kadha wa kadha toka kwa wadau wakitaka kujua maana ya UTAKATISHAJI FEDHA (Money laundering), wengine huita "PESA/FEDHA CHAFU" na tumeona ni vema ikaeleweka kwa lugha rahisi kwa kutumia ufafanuzi toka kwa wadau mbalimbali na vyanzo vya uhakika.
Mifano ya Wanaotaka kujua:
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Kutoka vyanzo mbalimbali mtandaoni (Kiingereza):
Money obtained from certain crimes, such as extortion, insider trading, drug trafficking and illegal gambling is "dirty". It needs to be cleaned to appear to have been derived from legal activities so that banks and other financial institutions will deal with it without suspicion. Money can be laundered by many methods, which vary in complexity and sophistication.
Money laundering involves three steps: the first involves introducing cash into the financial system by some means ("placement"); the second involves carrying out complex financial transactions to camouflage the illegal source of the cash ("layering"); and finally, acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds ("integration"). Some of these steps may be omitted, depending on the circumstances. For example, non-cash proceeds that are already in the financial system would not need to be placed.
According to the United States Treasury Department:
Methods:
Money laundering can take several forms, although most methods can be categorized into one of a few types. These include "bank methods, smurfing [also known as structuring], currency exchanges, and double-invoicing".
Mifano ya Wanaotaka kujua:
Wadau naomba mnisaidie kiswahili kwa kesi ya Kajala Masanja kwamba ametakatisha fedha....
Nini maana yake
Ndugu wanajamvi,
Aghalabu husikika habari za watu kuhusishwa na utakatishaji fedha chafu na pengine kuhukumiwa kwenda jela, kwa vile kitendo hicho ni kinyume na sheria.
Napenda kujuzwa hasa hizo pesa chafu ni zipi? Kuna ulazima gani kuzitakatisha? Je, kuna uhusiano wowote kati ya fedha chafu na black dollar?
Naomba kuwasilisha.
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Kutoka vyanzo mbalimbali mtandaoni (Kiingereza):
Money obtained from certain crimes, such as extortion, insider trading, drug trafficking and illegal gambling is "dirty". It needs to be cleaned to appear to have been derived from legal activities so that banks and other financial institutions will deal with it without suspicion. Money can be laundered by many methods, which vary in complexity and sophistication.
Money laundering involves three steps: the first involves introducing cash into the financial system by some means ("placement"); the second involves carrying out complex financial transactions to camouflage the illegal source of the cash ("layering"); and finally, acquiring wealth generated from the transactions of the illicit funds ("integration"). Some of these steps may be omitted, depending on the circumstances. For example, non-cash proceeds that are already in the financial system would not need to be placed.
According to the United States Treasury Department:
Money laundering is the process of making illegally-gained proceeds (i.e. "dirty money") appear legal (i.e. "clean"). Typically, it involves three steps: placement, layering and integration. First, the illegitimate funds are furtively introduced into the legitimate financial system. Then, the money is moved around to create confusion, sometimes by wiring or transferring through numerous accounts. Finally, it is integrated into the financial system through additional transactions until the "dirty money" appears "clean."
Methods:
Money laundering can take several forms, although most methods can be categorized into one of a few types. These include "bank methods, smurfing [also known as structuring], currency exchanges, and double-invoicing".
- Structuring: Often known as smurfing, this is a method of placement whereby cash is broken into smaller deposits of money, used to defeat suspicion of money laundering and to avoid anti-money laundering reporting requirements. A sub-component of this is to use smaller amounts of cash to purchase bearer instruments, such as money orders, and then ultimately deposit those, again in small amounts.
- Bulk cash smuggling: This involves physically smuggling cash to another jurisdiction and depositing it in a financial institution, such as an offshore bank, with greater bank secrecy or less rigorous money laundering enforcement.
- Cash-intensive businesses: In this method, a business typically expected to receive a large proportion of its revenue as cash uses its accounts to deposit criminally derived cash. Such enterprises often operate openly and in doing so generate cash revenue from incidental legitimate business in addition to the illicit cash – in such cases the business will usually claim all cash received as legitimate earnings. Service businesses are best suited to this method, as such businesses have little or no variable costs and/or a large ratio between revenue and variable costs, which makes it difficult to detect discrepancies between revenues and costs. Examples are parking buildings, strip clubs, tanning beds, car washes, and casinos.
- Trade-based laundering: This involves under or overvaluing invoices to disguise the movement of money.
- Shell companies and trusts: Trusts and shell companies disguise the true owner of money. Trusts and corporate vehicles, depending on the jurisdiction, need not disclose their true, beneficial, owner. Sometimes referred to by the slang term rathole though that term usually refers to a person acting as the fictitious owner rather a business entity.
- Round-tripping: Here, money is deposited in a controlled foreign corporation offshore, preferably in a tax haven where minimal records are kept, and then shipped back as a foreign direct investment, exempt from taxation. A variant on this is to transfer money to a law firm or similar organization as funds on account of fees, then to cancel the retainer and, when the money is remitted, represent the sums received from the lawyers as a legacy under a will or proceeds of litigation.
- Bank capture: In this case, money launderers or criminals buy a controlling interest in a bank, preferably in a jurisdiction with weak money laundering controls, and then move money through the bank without scrutiny.
- Casinos: In this method, an individual walks into a casino and buys chips with illicit cash. The individual will then play for a relatively short time. When the person cashes in the chips, they will expect to take payment in a check, or at least get a receipt so they can claim the proceeds as gambling winnings.
- Other gambling: Money is spent on gambling, preferably on higher odds. One way to minimize risk with this method is to bet on every possible outcome of some event where there are many possible outcomes and no outcome(s) have short odds – the bettor will lose only the vigorish and will have (a) "winning" bet(s) that can be shown as the source of money should this be requested. The "losing" bets will remain hidden.
- Real estate: Someone purchases real estate with illegal proceeds and then sells the property. To outsiders, the proceeds from the sale look like legitimate income. Alternatively, the price of the property is manipulated: the seller agrees to a contract that under-represents the value of the property, and receives criminal proceeds to make up the difference.
- Black salaries: A company may have unregistered employees without a written contract and pay them cash salaries. Dirty money might be used to pay them.
- Tax amnesties: For example, those that legalize unreported assets in tax havens and cash
- Fictitious loans
- A goal of money laundering is to be able to use the dirty money for private consumption. If unable to use it openly, the traditional way to keep the dirty money near is hiding it as cash at home or other places. A more modern method is a credit card connected to a tax haven bank.
Kwa lugha ya nyengine ni money laundering; Ni kuzifanya fedha zilizopatikana kwa njia ya kharam kua halali. Mfano zitokanazo na madawa ya kulevya, Ujambazi, Utapeli, Hela ulizouza bandia ukapewa fedha halisi.
Kuna hatua tatu kuzitakatisha:
Placement: Kuzipack mfano briefcase au kuingia nazo mipakani ili exchange
Layering: Kuziweka mfumo wa kibenki, Ama kulipia mikopo au kuzichezea kamari au kuzitia kwenye kitega uchumi.
Integration: Hapa ni sawa na kuzivuna kwa sababu wataalamu na vyombo vya usalama hapa wanajua wewe ni mcheza kamari, ama ukiziweka kwa kitega uchumi wanajua umezipata huko, Ama kama umelipia mkopo wanajua sasa wewe unatumia mali zako.
Kwanini uzitakatishe??
Ndio lazima kwa sababu ukimiliki fedha nyingi watu hawajui unapozipata.Ndio hapo usalama na vyombo vya ulinzi vitapo kuandama na kukushutumu kua wewe muuza unga,au jambazi au tapeli mana hawaoni vyanzo. Hata wananchi wakawaida ndo watafikiria hivyo.
Kwanini unaona wahindi wachina wana viofice vya ajabu ila wana mipesa tele???
Ndio kwa sababu wanapiga mi-deal mikubwa kama ya ujangili pale wanatakatisha fedha hata kama ana kihoteli kidogo na hakina wateja basi hashughuliki mana anatakatisha fedha tu pale.
Wapi kuna utakatishaji mkubwa hasa hawa viongozi wa Afrika? Ni huko Dubai
Shukrani
Kutakatisha fedha kimantiki ni kusafisha ela ambazo zimepatikana kwa njia chafu.
Kitalaamu zaidi ni 'money laundering'.
Fedha zinakuwa zimepatikana katika njia zisizo halali. Kwa mfano corruption, arms dealing, through prostitution rings ama hata kidnappings.
Ela kama hizi zinafichwa kwenye mabenki ili ku-hide true owners hii inaitwa PLACEMENT.
Baada ya hapo zinakuwa integrated kwenye uchumi, INTERGRATION kupitia uwekezaji ama njia nyingine kama kununua mali kama nyumba za bei ghali na magari.
Hapa ela inakuwa imesafishwa siyo chafu tena.
Huyu Kajala binafsi sifahamu lakini itakuwa ni kesi ya money laundering. Yaani hela zilipatikana katika njia zisizo halali ndio akasafisha kwa kununua labda mali kama nyumba na magari au through other investments.