hakuna merekebisho yanayo hitajika hapa jamani? I think this is a malicous attempt to rewrite history...
Julius Nyerere - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Political repression
People disappeared and victims are estimated to be in the thousands. International human rights organization Amnesty International adopted 141 prisoners of conscience in 1977.[SUP][19][/SUP] In 1979, Nyerere had more political prisoners than even South Africa.[SUP][20][/SUP] Press was controlled through refusal of official registration.
Nyerere's prison camps for political dissidents were notorious for practices such as electric shocks, solitary confinement, and denial of basic necessaries. Almost everyone contracted diseases such as tuberculosis, according to survivors.[SUP][21]
[SUP]][/SUP][/SUP]
Unaweza kusoma ripoti za Amnesty International kwa miaka ya 1979 na 1977 hapa chini na ukapata picha halisi ya madai ya hii makala ya wiki.
Picha iliyo wazi na tofauti na wengi wanavyovifikiri, ni kwamba ni dhahiri asilimia kubwa ya wafungwa wa kisiasa enzi hizo kwenye Jamhuri ya Tanzania walikuwa aidha Wazanzibari waliokuwa kifungoni Zanzibar au Wa-South Africa na Wanamibia, and not so much Watanganyika.
Claims kama "
Amnesty International adopted 141 prisoners of conscience in 1977" na "
Nyerere had more political prisoners than even South Africa" sijui zinaweza kuthibitishwa kwa namna gani kutokana na contents za ripoti husika.
1
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/a...ee-45aa-add8-adc02121df2b/pol100061977eng.pdf
Tanzania (United Republic of)
The human rights situation in Tanzania continued to cause great
anxiety to Amnesty International during the period under review. In
February 1977, the Secretary General visited Tanzania with the hope
of discussing the organization's concerns with President Julius Nyerere
and Vice-President Aboud Jumbe, but was unable to obtain meetings
with either. In June 1977, during the Commonwealth Conference
in London, Amnesty International again failed in its attempts to
meet the Tanzanian delegate, Vice-President Aboud Jumbc. The
organization wrote to President Nyerere on 12 November 1976 and
28 April 1977 and to Vice-President Jumbe on 4 February 1977 and
21 March 1977 explaining its concern about the Zanzibar treason
105
trial, and detention, torture and prison conditions on the mainland.
Amnesty International groups continued to work on the cases of
those imprisoned as a result of the Zanzibar treason trial-37 people
sentenced in Zanzibar for treason in connection with the assassination
in 1972 of Sheikh Abeid Karume, President of the Zanzibar
Revolutionary Council. Thirteen others in the same case are still
detained without trial on the mainland (though tried in absentia on
Zanzibar). Defendants' appeals against death penalties and long
prison terms were made to the Supreme Council of the Afro-Shirazi
Party (ASP), functioning as an appeal court, beginning on 11 October
1976. Eight defendants who had originally made confessions of guilt
(on which the case against the others was based) attempted to retract
their guilty pleas and claimed they had made false confessions under
torture and death threats. In an Urgent Action campaign, Amnesty
International requested the Tanzanian authorities to investigate these
claims fully, since the allegations of torture were consistent with
other information received by the organization about interrogation
practices on Zanzibar. On 7 December 1976, the Attorney General
of Zanzibar, Wolfgang Dourado, acting as both prosecutor and
defence counsel in accordance with the Zanzibar judicial system,
requested in his final submission that all death penalties be commuted,
that "excessive" prison sentences be reduced, and that seven defendants
be acquitted as the evidence against them was "hearsay". The
ASP Supreme Council delivered its judgement on 7 February 1977,
confirming the death penalties on seven people (including four detained
on the mainland), commuting 17 other death penalties to
30-35 years' imprisonment, confirming six prison sentences, reducing
13 others, acquitting one person and ordering the release of five
others because their sentences had been served. One other defendant
was released during the trial. There remains a further stage of appeal
to Aboud Jumbe, President of the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council,
but it is not known how or when this appeal will take place. Amnesty
International called President Jumbe on 10 February 1977 expressing
shock at the confirmation of death penalties and urging their cornmutation
on humanitarian grounds.
Amnesty International is concerned about thc Zanzibar treason trial
for several other reasons-the lack of medical treatment for prisoners
(some of whom were very ill in court), the probability that torture
took place to obtain false confessions, and the Government's refusal
to allow family visits to prisoners. The organization deplores the
system of judicial procedure whereby the only defence counsel permitted
to the accused is the state prosecutor and where the appeal
court is a political party council. Finally, there appears to have been
106 107
a constitutional irregularity inasmuch as the ASP Council gave its
judgement four days after the ASP had been dissolved and replaced
by the new Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Revolutionary Party).
Amnesty International is also gravely disturbed by recent reports
of torture used on the Tanzania mainland by the security police, the
widespread use of the Preventive Detention Act, and the conditions
under which detainees are held. In January 1977, President Nyerere
accepted the resignations of the Minister of State in the President's
Office, Peter Siyovelwa, the Minister for Home Affairs, Ali Hassan
Mwinyi and the Regional Commissioners of Mwanza and Shinyanga,
because of killings and torture committed by police and security
officers over whom they had responsibility. Amnesty International
was disturbed to hear reports of torture still being carried out by
security officers on the mainland since then and the Chief Justice of
Tanzania warncd that mass murder was still continuing in the Mwanza
region. A former victim has also described to Amnesty International
his experience of torture which was corroborated by a medical report
of his condition. Amnesty International urged President Nyerere to
investigate torture allegations and ensure that those implicated be
brought to trial.
Amnesty International received new information about detainees
during 1976-1977, from letters smuggled out of Ukonga Prison in
Dar es Salaam, and from a released detainee, Amirali Ramji. This
evidence, which is considered reliable, describes the appalling conditions
of detainees-their poor diet, lack of qualified medical treatment,
lack of exercise, restrictions on relatives' visits and all correspondence,
extremely brutal punishment for offences such as receiving
letters from outside and the total solitary confinement of two
Zanzibari detainees, former Tanzanian Minister of Economic Affairs
Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu and former Colonel Ali Mafudh. All
detainees suffer from hypertension, stomach disorders and eye
trouble, especially Babu, who was reported to have become almost
totally blind in February 1977. The number of detainees on mainland
Tanzania is estimated to be between 1,000 and 1,500. They
include several members of different southern African liberation
movements such as the South West Africa People's Organization,
Pan African Congress, Zimbabwe African National Union and others,
some of them held since 1971, others transferred from detention in
Zambia in 1976.
One former Amnesty International adoptee, Gray Mattaka, was
re-detained in December 1976 after 11 months of freedom following
detention since 1971. Other recent detainees include veteran politician
and former adopted prisoner Joseph Kasella Bantu, a stateless prohibited
immigrant, a Kenyan Asian, and many Tanzanians, some of
whom were arrested for "economic crimes" such as fraud, embezzlement,
etcetera. Some of them were even acquitted in court yet still
detained. One such person, James Magoti, is a bank manager accused
of fraud; he was tortured, together with his wife and brother, and
detained without trial despite his protestations of innocence and the
arrest of most of those who committed the fraud.
On 3 February 1977, a new joint political party, Chama Cha
Mapinduzi (CCM-"Revolutionary Party" in Swahili) was formed out
of the separate mainland (TANU) and island (ASP) parties. Elections
to CCM posts will be held during 1977, and the new draft constitution
for Tanzania (to replace the Provisional Independence Constitution
of 1962) established the new governmental institutions of the Republic.
Zanzibar will retain certain separate features such as thc perpetuation
of the non-elective Zanzibar Revolutionary Council and
the judicial system, but the new constitution is an attempt to bring
mainland and island closer together. The 10th Anniversary of the
Arusha Declaration did not result in any amnesty for political or
other prisoners, despite Amnesty International appeals. The tone of
government messages on this occasion implied that many socialist
goals had not been achieved. President Nyerere made a renewed call
to "increase our discipline, our efficiency and our self-reliance".
2
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/a...9e-4ca6-a078-7c9d1b5afa3d/pol100011979eng.pdf
Tanzania (the United Republic of)
In May 1978, Andreas Shipanga and other dissident members of southern
African nationalist movements were released after being detained under Tanzania's
Refugee Control Act for periods from 1 to 7 years. In February 1979, Gray
Mattaka, whom Amnesty International adopted after his detention in December
1976, was freed. He had been detained from 1970 to 1976, although acquitted of
treason in 1971. He had been detained again in December 1976.
On Zanzibar, the remaining 14 prisoners in the treason trial of 1973-74 were
released in December 1978. They had been sentenced to death but early in 1978
Vice-President Aboud Jumbe commuted their sentences to 10-year prison terms,
which, with remission, expired at the end of 1978.
Amnesty International continued to investigate the cases of James and Adam
Magoti, both of whom are still held under the Preventive Detention Act despite
the fact that three soldiers were convicted of the offence for which they were
originally arrested. In July 1978, two members of the security police were jailed
for 3 years for torturing James Magoti in November 1976, when he was arrested
on suspicion of theft. He is reported to be in particularly poor health as a result of
the torture and harsh conditions of imprisonment.
In August 1978, Amnesty International sent a mission to Tanzania to discuss a
number of issues, including the use of detention without trial and the need for
improvements in prison conditions. The Zanzibar authorities permitted the delegates
to meet two of the treason trial prisoners. One matter raised with the
Zanzibar authorities was the case of Nasreen Mohamed Hussein, the one remaining
"forced bride" who was compelled to marry a security officer, Ali Foum Kimara, in 1970. Now aged 25, she has four children but she has never accepted
her situation and is still prevented from leaving Zanzibar freely.