UKIMWI kwisha habari yake!

[Retired]

This is a big problem now, even with bacteria or plasmodium parasites such as the one causing Malaria.

This is why Chloroquine or Penicillin is practically ineffective in places like Tanzania.

Exactly, you are very right! Viral mutation rates are high compared to the one you have mentioned. But all in all, they pose a great challenge with regard to antimalarial drug resistance! see attached publication for mutation in RNA viruses

 

[Ileje]

Soma vizuri hapo kwenye ufanisi.bado unabaki na percent moja mwilini

Athari za 1% ni himilivu, ni sawa na kupona kabisa!

 

[NaughtyGuy]

Unaposema “it can eliminate up to 99% “ that means bdo unakuwa na 1% of the virus in the body sasa hyo ni treatment au ndo kupunguza makali

Huko ni.kupunguza makali waseme wapetengeneza ARV Reloaded Maana hiyo 1% itaendelea kuzaliana kadri mda unavyoenda na itarudi kiwa 100% tena.

 

[Mesh2lover]

By ANGELA OKETCH
Results of the first human clinical trial of the HIV drug, Gammora, have shown that it can eliminate up to 99 per cent of the virus within four weeks of treatment.
The results released Sunday show that Gammora significantly reduced the viral load in human subjects by killing infected cells without harming healthy ones, unlike antiretroviral drugs which suppress the spreading of the virus.

APOPTOSIS
The study was done by researchers from Zion Medical, an Israeli biotech company, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
“The drug triggers the self-destruction of the infected cell called apoptosis. It has the potential to cure HIV-infected patients by destroying all cells carrying the HIV genome.

RANDOMLY
“These first clinical results were beyond our expectations and promise hope in finding a cure for the disease,” Dr Esmira Naftali, head of development at Zion Medical, said, adding that nine patients at Ronald Bata Memorial Hospital in Uganda were randomly assigned to receive different doses of the drug for four to five weeks.
In the second part of the trial done two weeks later, patients were given the drug with additional retroviral treatment after four to five weeks.

VIRAL LOAD
Patients received either lopinavir 800 mg and ritonavir 200 mg (LPV+r) daily in combination with Gammora administered twice a week, or LPV+r only.
The results showed that the combined treatments eliminated up to 99 per cent of the viral load within four weeks without exhibiting any side effects.
During the 10-week study, patients in both groups showed a significant increase in T-cell count — another name for CD4 cells, which play a role in the body’s immune system.

DOSAGE
“Given the limited nature of this study, we are excited to prove the efficiency of our drug in phase 2b with a greater number of participants over a longer period of time,” Dr Naftali said.
Prof Abraham Loyter of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem started the study a decade ago. Phase Two is expected to begin in the coming months, expanding the pool of subjects to 50 and the dosage period to three months.

ENZYME
The drug is derived from HIV enzyme integrate that is responsible for inserting the virus’s genetic material into the DNA of the infected cell.
There are indications that 1,493,382 Kenyans live with the virus, with the overall prevalence rate dropping to 4.8 per cent.

PROPHYLAXIS
The prevalence among women

 

[Mesh2lover]

Fake news

 

[Frank Wanjiru]

Nakumbuka kikombe cha loliondo kilivyosepa na wapendwa wetu

Mbona Mtukufu Jiwe anadunda na ndicho kilichombariki akaupata Umalaika Mkuu

 

[Zawadini]

wewe lugha yako ni pi, lugha ya asili? Kiswahili si walileta waarabu au?

Mkuu si bora ungefikiria kwanza kabla hukusema? Sio kila neno linapaswa kusemwa!

 

[Zawadini]

Wenyeji wa kiswahili ni akina ani, etymology ???????

Nadhani ni Wazanaki

 

[Retired]

Mkuu si bora ungefikiria kwanza kabla hukusema? Sio kila neno linapaswa kusemwa!

Sihitaji mtu wa kuniamlia nini cha kusema. You must be crazy! Nimeona comment yako eti wazananki, ! Ukileta kejeli nitakujibu na accordingly, usichukie.

 

[emalau]

Weka kwa kiswahili, sisi ni wazalendo

Uzalendo si kutojifunza lugha.

 

[Jokajeusi]

Uzalendo si kutojifunza lugha.

Sio sera yetu kwa sasa

 

[ngonyango]

Tatizo waoaishia hapo hapo....hatutasikia muendelezo wake kamwe

 

[Zawadini]

Sihitaji mtu wa kuniamlia nini cha kusema. You must be crazy! Nimeona comment yako eti wazananki, ! Ukileta kejeli nitakujibu na accordingly, usichukie.

Nimekuekewa. Unapoandika kejeli tarajia kejeli. Inaonekana ama unadharau au hujui ukisemacho. Kanuni ya kugha na kukua kwake ni mambo ya wajuzi wa lugha. Kiswahili ni cha Waswahili. Waarabu wanayo lugha yao. Kiswahili hakiwahusu. Nilipotaja Wazanaki sikuwa nakejeli. Inaonekana pia hujui Kuswahili kiliendelezwa na nani Tanzania. Mwalimu Nyerere alihusika sana na makuzi ya Kiswahili. Yeye ni Mzanaki na hakuna siku alikataa hilo.

 

[Beeb]

Nimeelewa kichwa na habari tu hapa

 

[omarion5]

Nimeelewa kichwa na habari tu hapa

Mzalendo

 

[ROGATH MCHAU]

Soon litakuja gonjwa ukimwi ukasome...ila kama kweli daah afadhal bhana maana mifuko inakera unaweza kunasa mahali ukazunguka nao siku nzima,.

MBONA TAYARI UGONJWA MWINGINE UMESHAKUJA ILA TU BADO HATUJAUPA UZITO KAMA INAVYOSTAHILI.
UGONJWA WA HOMA YA INI NI MBAYA KULIKO HUO UKIMWI SABABU HATA KWA HEWA TU UNAWEZA KUUPATA.

 

[Afyayaakili]

Fake news, real consequences: What happens after headlines about false HIV 'cures'
09 NOV 2018 04:09 SANELE NGCOBO
Zion Medical can't explain the poor treatment Ugandan patients got as part of its 'trial' and its recent announcement may have added to the harm.
Bhekisisia reached out to the company, Zion Medical, that earlier this week released a press release stating it had found a drug that could lead to a "potential HIV cure". Zion Medical has admitted that their trial is not registered with any regulatory authority. Read their answers in full at the end of this comment piece.
COMMENT
Fake news about HIV cures gives false hope to those living with HIV and even threatens to reverse some of the good work currently being done in the battle against the virus.
When there are reports of possible HIV cures, most people think of an immediate solution without clearly understanding the journey of medication from lab to shelf.
This week, Israeli company Zion Medical released a press statementclaiming to have found a “potential” cure for HIV using the drug called Gammora after what it said was a 10-week trial of the drug. When Bhekisisaasked to see the peer-reviewed research to back up the claims, the drug company said a paper “was currently in the works”.
When bad science makes the headlines or Twitter, there are real consequences.
One tweet announcing Zion Medical’s statement by a popular parody account was re-tweeted 4 000 times and liked by more than 6 000 Twitter users.
A long debate followed after this, mostly dominated by messages congratulating the company on finding the “cure”.
Statements like “Relief to those infected. They will get cured” appeared soon after.
We know that when, for instance, healers falsely claim to be able to cure HIV, people who believe this may stop taking antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. A 2014 study published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome tracked about 400 patients in rural Tanzania who fell for an HIV cure hoax. Of those who actually sought out the local healer at the centre of this scam, ARV adherence dropped significantly albeit for a short time.
Meanwhile, the firm’s statement claimed that most — not all — of nine patients who received the drug saw “a significant reduction of the viral load of up to 90%” within the first four weeks.
Viral load is the amount of HIV in your blood. This kind of reduction is not new and has been described with many antiretroviral (ARV) medications, even older combinations as described in this 1997 letterpublished in the journal Nature.
We already know that taking commonly available antiretroviral (ARV) medication correctly every day can lower a person’s viral load to very low levels and when this happens, that’s called viral suppression.
Zion Medical’s “trial” was carried out at Dr Ronald Bata Memorial Hospital in Entebbe, Uganda, the company says in its release. There is no such trial registered in Entebbe, according to a search of the site ClinicalTrials.gov. One of the largest databases of its kind, the site is compiled by the US government’s National Library of Medicine based on information provided by the organisations and institutions that sponsor and sponsor and implement studies.
Even a cursory glance through the supposed methodology of the study is worrying. The statement seems to describe a study done in two, short parts several weeks apart and neglects to mention how many people participated in total in the experiment, also known as a sample size. Knowing how many people are part of a study — and how they were selected — offers essential clues to readers and scientists about how much we should trust a study’s results.
Questions do not end there.
The statement goes on to describe how some patients were given the common ARV Aluvia while others received Aluvia and Zion’s experimental drug twice a week.
Aluvia itself is a combination of two ARVs, lopinavir and ritonavir. HIV treatment is always prescribed as a course of three drugs to help prevent resistance. It is important to note that prescribing Aluvia monotherapy, in other words, so use as a single drug — and not in combination with at least two other ARVs — is not an appropriate standard of care.
No safety data were reported so one can also not conclude that Zion Medical's proposed treatment is safe and well-tolerated.

• Like what you're reading? Consider chipping in to support good journalism. Every little bit counts.

From start to finish: Even if Zion Medical's claims about a potent new HIV drug are true, it will be years before it's on the market. Understanding the long road to new medications is important for managing the public's expectations. This road should start with a peer-reviewed study.
Knowing how drugs are made and tested can help us sort the bad science from the good. All drugs have to go through a rigorous scientific process before they can be licenced as safe and suitable for patient use. This usually happens in six sequential steps of medicine development. The first phase is called “pre-discovery", and this is mostly a desktop review of the literature. Next, scientists get to work in the laboratory, testing out the chemical compounds that could — after almost a decade of testing — finally make it into a new drug. This second phase alone lasts about four to five years.
Once researchers think they might be onto something, that's when pre-clinical testing happens. Here, researchers will use computer models, vials or Petri dishes of cells and animals to see whether experimental drugs work and are safe.
Next, novel drugs move to Phase 1 clinical trials in which the drug is tested in about 10 to 100 healthy people to see if it’s safe to use in people – tack on another seven years for this stage of development.
In phase II clinical trials, about 100 to 500 patients who actually have the disease that the drug is meant to treat gulp down doses – this number jumps to between 1 000 to 5 000 such patients in the next stage, phase III clinical trials. Phase III trials generate data about safety, efficacy and the overall risk-benefit ratio of the medicine.
In total, all these steps take can more than nine years, estimates a 2010 study published in the journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.
Senior account specialist Philipp Jago with the New York-based public relations firm Spector & Associates told Bhekisisa that Zion Medical was announcing the results of a Phase 2a study this week.
Even if Zion’s drug was indeed as effective as its eight-paragraph press statement boasted, it will still take many years before it could be available on the shelf.
The above critique is just an example to demonstrate how little we really know about these results. Even articles debunking the research, such as one published by News24 included the word “cure” in the headline: “ HIV cure 'smacks of quackery' – scientist”.
A large number of people just read the headlines and not the actual article. The language used by News24in the title is sensationalist and created the impression that a cure does exist. Even the material released by Zion Medical refers to a “potential cure”.
Meanwhile, the department of health has not issued any response regarding this very important issue.
While the government can’t be expected to respond to all fake news, this case has grabbed the attention of the nation.
It is therefore crucial for the government, in particular, the health department, to come up with a strategy of combating this issue.
Sanele Ngcobo is a clinical associate and PhD candidate in family medicine at the University of Pretoria. Follow him on Twitter @sanosanele. University of Pretoria professor Theresa Rossouw contributed to this article.
Zion Medical responds
Bhekisisa put the following questions to Zion Medical regarding the press release and as right of reply to the above comment piece. The company's answers appear below:

1. Why did the company choose to announce the results of its trial before peer-reviewed publication?
   
   "Peer-reviewed publication of the results is being done parallel to this announcement. The company felt the results were encouraging enough to share them with the public."
2. You described the study as a Phase 2a. The press release says it was a Phase 1/2a - what does that mean and how many people were involved?
   
   "The study was always described as Phase 1/2a, which means that the main purpose was to show safety, tolerability (as Phase 1 should) and preliminary efficacy with a small number of HIV patients (thus phase 2a). Fortunately, we were able to show this efficacy, which will need to be reaffirmed in a larger Phase 2 study."
3. The statement makes reference to nine patients, which is far below the usual 100 to 500 people using included in a Phase 2, researchers say. How would you respond?
   
   "As described above. Phase 2a is usually defined as a small study with a small number of patients, just like our study. We agree that Phase 2b and 3, once initial safety and tolerability has been proven, is usually performed on a larger number of patients. Something we indeed intend to do in the coming months."
4. With what regulatory authority is this trial registered with? Have you registered this trial with ClinicalTrials.gov?
   Future studies Phase 2b and 3 will, of course, be registered. This study was not registered (yet) in clinicaltrails.gov as it was a preliminary (phase 1/2a) study.
5. The statement says that in Phase II (part II and not phase II) of the study, patients on Aluvia were compared to patients on Aluvia with a twice-weekly dose of Gammora. Aluvia is a two-drug combo. How do you justify giving patients dual therapy when triple therapy is the gold standard in HIV care around the world?
   
   "The statement says that this was the case in part II of Phase 2a, not for the entirety of Phase 2a. Patients on Aluvia were a control group without Gammora. According to ethical guidelines in respect to the treatment of HIV, and because there is this gold standard, the study could only last a few weeks. This is also the reason for the short-term nature of our study, with only a 4-5 week duration of Part II."
6. Do you have approval from the national ministry of health in Uganda for this study?
   
   "Yes, as well as Helsinki approval."*

*[Editor's note: The World Medical Association’s internationally recognised Declaration of Helsinkisets out ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. It is a document and not an approval by any regulatory body, which Zion Medical later confirmed when this fact was pointed out by Bhekisisa.]

 

[Troojan]

Mda WA wenye io miradi kuishi kama mashetani hahaha

Hii habari itafanya watu waanze zinaa rasmi. Ila biashara nyingi zitasimama. biashara ya kondomu, biashara ya matangazo na semina za malipo kuhusu utoaji elimu kuhusu maambukizi ya UKIMWI. Biashara ya ARVs.

 

[GeniSys101]

Wa-Iran wa uajemi na tandale hawatakunywa hizo dawa za makafiri.

Ni ugunduzi muhimu sana katika kukabiliana na hilo janga kama ni kweli.

ukafiri mkuu ni kweny baadhi ya mambo tu lakini vitu kama madawa...shule..vyuo..viwanda..n.k hivyo havina shida mkuu../sarcasm..

 

[Madini feki]

Weka kwa Kiswahili baba tuelewe vema....kabla kuanza nyama kwa nyama