The Radar Scandal: Investigation & Progress

The Radar Scandal: Investigation & Progress

By the way why is this in the International Forum? This involves Tanzanian politics

Nadhani hili swala ni international, la Waingereza.

Hivi uchunguzi unaofanywa na Serious Fraud Office kuhusu dili za BAE Systems ni wa kwetu sisi? Tusikae tukadhani tumewaajiri SFO kutuchunguzia Rashidi na Chenge. Kwa wao hawa ni dagaa!

``...Investigators say Chenge could be a valuable witness. The target of their investigation is not him but BAE.´´

David Leigh and Rob Evans
The Guardian, Saturday 12 April 2008
 
Kikwete anangoja nini kumfukuza kazi Fisadi Idrisa Rashid!? Au mpaka tupige kelele kwa nguvu zote ndiyo atamuomba ajiuzulu ili 'asipoteze haki zake za kuajiriwa kwenye mashirika ya umma na serikali'? 😕
 
Wana JF,

Hivi tunaweza kuamini kwamba mkuu wa nchi haujui ukweli huu kuhusu Rashid? Kwa nini bado amemuweka kwenye utumishi wa umma? Ni yale yale kwamba kesi ya nyani ukiipeleka kwa ngendere usitarajie haki itendeke. Hebu tujipe moyo kwamba haya iko siku yatafika mwisho wake!!!!!

Inatisha!!!!!
 
Suala siyo la Waingereza tu. PCCB pia wanashughulikia sana kwa kariabu na SFO ingawa ni kweli walio lianzisha ni SFO kwa faida ya Waingereza.

Ila kuna habari kuwa mkuu wa PCCB anahofiwa kuwa mwanzo wa suala hili alipanga kuharibu upelelezi kwani inasadikiwa kuwa alisha mtonya mzee wa vijisent juu ya ujio wa SFO bongo kwa ajili ya uchunguzi. Hii inahofiwa kuwa labda wahusika walifanikiwa kuharibu sehemu ya ushahidi.

Lakini bado inaelekea si rahisi kuwazunguka SFO na ndiyo maana alishajichanganya katika maelezo ya kuthibitisha uhalali wa pesa ile.
 
Suala siyo la Waingereza tu. PCCB pia wanashughulikia sana kwa kariabu ... mkuu wa PCCB anahofiwa kuwa mwanzo wa suala hili alipanga kuharibu upelelezi

Angalia unavyojichanganya! PCCB wanaharibu upelelezi au wanalishughulikia kwa karibu?

PCCB wataweza kumpiga pingu sitting director general wa TANESCO? Unacheza na protectionism ya CCM!
 
Does anybody know this:

Was Rashidi's house ever raided?

From the document it looks like the SFO recommended that Chenge and Rashidi's house be raided and documents seized. Now i remember reports of Chengé's house being raided, but what about Rashidi's, and if not why not.
 
In this request for assistance, The Director of the SFO undertakes that the information obtained on his behalf of the Tanzanian Authorities will be used only for the purposes of criminal and ancillary proceedings brought by the SFO and will not be released to any other investigatory or enforcement agency without the express consent of Tanzanian Authorities.
 
In this request for assistance, The Director of the SFO undertakes that the information obtained on his behalf of the Tanzanian Authorities will be used only for the purposes of criminal and ancillary proceedings brought by the SFO and will not be released to any other investigatory or enforcement agency without the express consent of Tanzanian Authorities.

Ha ha ha utatetea hata visivyostahili kutetea, sijui na wewe ni fisadi!!? Maana ni mtetezi nambari one wa mafisadi!!! A week or 10 days ago there was an article on THIS DAY about the same info on this document. There is nothing new here...LOL!!!! Arrticle yenyewe hii hapa chini iliandikwa kwenye THIS DAY la January 20, 2009

Radar scandal probe continues: The Chenge-Rashidi connection expounded

-Names of their 'secret' UK companies revealed

THISDAY REPORTER
Dar es Salaam​
BRITISH investigators have identified the names of two private companies, allegedly controlled by former Bank of Tanzania governor Dr Idris Rashidi and ex-attorney general Andrew Chenge, that are linked to dubious payments from the now-infamous military radar purchase scandal.

According to findings by detectives from the UK's Serious Fraud Office (SFO), Chenge is believed to control a company known as Franton Investments Limited, which in the period between June 1997 and April 1998 received lump payments amounting to more than $1.5m (approx. 2bn/-).

The funds were wired in seven different transfers to an account held by Franton Investments at the Barclays Bank branch in Jersey Island, which is said to be one of the world's leading offshore banking centres.

During the period in question, Chenge was still serving as attorney general (AG) in the third phase government of then president Benjamin Mkapa.

SFO investigators further uncovered that in May 1998, a payment of $600,000 (approx. 800m/-) was made from Franton Investments Ltd (controlled by Chenge) to Langley Investments Limited, another company believed to be controlled by Rashidi.

Rashidi served as BoT governor between 1993 and 1998, and along with Chenge has been named as one of the key officials of the Mkapa government who facilitated the apparently overpriced, $41m (approx. 52bn/-) radar purchase which was finalized in 2002.

Rashidi is currently managing director of the state-run Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (TANESCO), while Chenge ? who held the post of AG until 2005 ? has since gone on to hold a couple of senior ministerial portfolios in the fourth phase government of incumbent President Jakaya Kikwete.

Chenge, however, was forced to resign from the Kikwete government in April last year after first being implicated by SFO investigators in the military radar scandal.

He has personally denied criminal wrongdoing, while Rashidi has declined to make any comment on the matter.

Sources close to the ongoing radar deal investigation say both Chenge and Rashidi did not disclose their offshore bank accounts to the Ethics Secretariat in Dar es Salaam, as required by law.

In fact, investigators claim that Chenge even instructed his financial advisers to send all correspondences regarding his offshore bank account(s) to an address in London, in a suspected bid to conceal the existence of such assets to local authorities back home in Tanzania.


It is understood that the former AG asked his financial advisers to forward all documentation meant for him related to the Jersey bank account, to an address listed as 11 Sidmouth Road, London.

Investigators believe that both the Rashidi as BoT governor and Chenge as AG were ''pivotal persons of influence over the success of the radar contract.''

While Chenge, as the government's chief legal advisor, gave a crucial legal opinion in favour of the deal, Rashidi is believed to have played a similar key role in the financial arrangements of the contract.

Sometime last year, the SFO made a formal request for assistance from local authorities in its ongoing probe into the military radar scandal, including searches of the homes and offices of at least three key suspects based within the country.

Both Chenge and Rashidi were named amongst these suspects by British investigators.

It could not be immediately established if the home-based Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau (PCCB) is also treating the two prominent local personalities as official suspects in its own parallel investigation into the radar deal.

Wanted fugitive businessman Shailesh Pragji Vithlani has already been decisively named as the alleged paymaster of the radar purchase scandal.

Vithlani is believed to have doled out millions of dollars in bribes to senior officials in the Mkapa administration to approve the dubious deal.

Officials close to the ongoing investigation have confirmed that it was Vithlani who negotiated suspected bribe payments with senior government officials and made arrangements for the transfer of the monies from a Swiss bank account.

Vithlani and his former business partner, Tanil Somaiya of Shivacom Group, are linked to both Merlin International and Envers Trading Corporation, two companies that are alleged to have been used by the UK-based radar-selling firm BAE Systems to help push the deal through by all means.

Investigations have revealed that BAE Systems, through yet another company (Red Diamond Trading Limited), agreed to pay Envers Trading a 'commission' fee of $12m (approx. 15.6bn/-), equivalent to a staggering 30 per cent of the total purchase price.

It is believed that some of these funds were used to pay the illegal kickbacks to senior officials in the Mkapa government who were involved in the radar deal negotiations.
 
Does anybody know this:

Was Rashidi's house ever raided?

From the document it looks like the SFO recommended that Chenge and Rashidi's house be raided and documents seized. Now i remember reports of Chengé's house being raided, but what about Rashidi's, and if not why not.

Kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya Gavana wa Benki Kuu na Mwanasheria Mkuu. Ikifikia moja lazima atoswe - jibu li wazi. You dont mess around with a Governor, you make him disappear if you can, remember Balali ?
 
Hawa wawili ndio watakaofuata kisutu... kila kitu kimeshaiva unangojewa muda tu nao watinge.
 
Radar scandal case: PCCB seeks DPP`s consent to prosecute

-Case could land in court anytime

THISDAY REPORTER
Dar es Salaam​

THE Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau (PCCB) has concluded its long-running investigation into the 2002 military radar transaction scandal, and is currently seeking formal consent from the office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) to proceed with related prosecutions, it has been revealed.

According to a newly-released report compiled by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) that details the implementation of various government pledges made in Parliament during 2007/08, the radar case file was by July last year in the hands of the DPP.

Under the Prevention and Combating of Corruption Act number 11 of 2007, the DPP has a maximum of 90 days to review any PCCB request for consent to prosecute a criminal case.

This means that the DPP was required by law to have, by October of last year, either issued his consent for prosecution to begin in the radar case, or alternatively return the case file to PCCB if determined that there was insufficient evidence to go to trial.

When asked by THISDAY to provide an update on the current status of the radar investigation, DPP Eliezer Feleshi would neither confirm nor deny that the radar case file was being reviewed by his office.

Feleshi instead directed our queries to PCCB, saying the government’s anti-graft watchdog was more knowledgeable about the subject.

’’Our job is not to sit on the files. Whenever we receive the files, we work on them and return them to the investigating agency. If they tell you that we still have the file, that’s when we can comment,’’ said Feleshi, in effect throwing the ball back to PCCB.

PCCB Deputy Director General Ms Lilian Mashaka also declined to immediately comment on the current status of the radar probe when contacted by phone by THISDAY.

Instead, the PCCB second-in-command requested to be provided with a written questionnaire, which was promptly faxed to her office from the THISDAY newsroom yesterday pending her official response.


Apart from the radar probe, the PMO report also explains progress made in various other corruption-related investigations, including the Alex Stewart Asseyers gold auditing contract, the Bank of Tanzania (BoT) external payment arrears (EPA) account scandal, and the BoT Twin Towers project, all of which have already landed in court.

According to THISDAY’s own findings so far, at least four prominent Tanzanian personalities have been earmarked as the main targets of an ongoing international investigation into the $41m (approx. 52bn/-) radar scandal.

Those being investigated by the UK’s Serious Fraud Office (SFO) include ex-attorney general Andrew Chenge, former Bank of Tanzania governor Dr Idris Rashidi, and prominent local businessmen Tanil Somaiya and Shailesh Vithlani.

The SFO investigation into the scandalous radar deal has been proceeding parallel to that of the home-based PCCB, but it has yet to be established if any or all of the four named individuals are also on the Bureau’s own radar of suspects.

Vithlani has already been formally charged by local authorities before a Dar es Salaam court, but only for allegedly committing perjury and lying to an investigating officer in connection to the radar deal.

He was charged in absentia, having long skipped the country, and is presently at large with an international arrest warrant hanging over his head.

No charges directly related to corruption in the radar deal have so far been brought by PCCB or any other agency against any suspect implicated in the scandal.
 
This is also a big one guys. I read it from one of the SFO letters addressed to the Attorney General office, its really dissapointing. Shailesh Vishlani was to receive commission fees of 30% of US$40million on the sale of the radar equipment. The likes of Chenge ended up with US$1.5million and Idrisa received US$600,000.
 
How Chenge was paid radar billions

2009-02-01 11:32:25
By Staff Writer, Zanzibar


UK investigators tracking the controversial $40m BAE Radar deal have established that former Minister for Infrastructure Andrew John Chenge received $1.5m (2.1bn/-) in kickbacks from the deal through a slush fund he set up in the UK island of Jersey.

According to a draft report written by the UK`s Serious Fraud Office and seen by The Guardian on Sunday, Chenge received payments through six credit transfers between June 19, 1997, and April 17, 1998, while he was serving as Attorney General.

The billions were paid to account No.59662999 owned by Franton Investment Limited through Bank Code No 204505 of Barclays Bank Plc, according to the draft report, a final version of which has reportedly already been sent to the Director of Public Prosecutions.

The SFO has established that Chenge owns Franton Investment, a registered company that appears to have been established primarily to enable the transfer of the dirty money.

According to information provided by the Jersey Authority, the $1.5m was transferred from a Frankfurt branch of Barclays Bank to Chenge`s account at a Jersey branch.

Chenge resigned last year after the SFO`s revelations that he had $1.5m in his offshore bank account suspected to have been obtained from the $12m payoff that broker Sailesh Vithlani took from BAE System, the UK`s biggest arms supplier.

Chenge originally told the SFO that the $1.5m was professional earnings from his work as a lawyer, and later contradicted himself, saying the money was a combination of inheritance and family savings, and that 25 percent of the money was his wife`s.

The SFO concluded that Vithlani had made payments to Tanzanian public officials in a position of influence in the BAE System contract negotiations, in which he brokered the purchase of a military radar at an inflated price and skimmed a cut for himself and those who aided him in the crime.

The SFO believes that Chenge was one of the top people to receive a payoff from Vithlani because without the AG`s agreement, the financing package for the radar could not have gone through.

The AG`s office under Chenge was required to comment on and approve the financing package to purchase the radar deal, for which Tanzania was forced to borrow from the Barclays Bank Plc.

The $12m back-door payment to Vithlani, Chenge and others, represented 30 percent of the contract value.

SOURCE: Guardian
 
How Chenge was paid radar billions

2009-02-01 11:32:25
By Staff Writer, Zanzibar


UK investigators tracking the controversial $40m BAE Radar deal have established that former Minister for Infrastructure Andrew John Chenge received $1.5m (2.1bn/-) in kickbacks from the deal through a slush fund he set up in the UK island of Jersey.

According to a draft report written by the UK`s Serious Fraud Office and seen by The Guardian on Sunday, Chenge received payments through six credit transfers between June 19, 1997, and April 17, 1998, while he was serving as Attorney General.

The billions were paid to account No.59662999 owned by Franton Investment Limited through Bank Code No 204505 of Barclays Bank Plc, according to the draft report, a final version of which has reportedly already been sent to the Director of Public Prosecutions.

The SFO has established that Chenge owns Franton Investment, a registered company that appears to have been established primarily to enable the transfer of the dirty money.

According to information provided by the Jersey Authority, the $1.5m was transferred from a Frankfurt branch of Barclays Bank to Chenge`s account at a Jersey branch.

Chenge resigned last year after the SFO`s revelations that he had $1.5m in his offshore bank account suspected to have been obtained from the $12m payoff that broker Sailesh Vithlani took from BAE System, the UK`s biggest arms supplier.

Chenge originally told the SFO that the $1.5m was professional earnings from his work as a lawyer, and later contradicted himself, saying the money was a combination of inheritance and family savings, and that 25 percent of the money was his wife`s.

The SFO concluded that Vithlani had made payments to Tanzanian public officials in a position of influence in the BAE System contract negotiations, in which he brokered the purchase of a military radar at an inflated price and skimmed a cut for himself and those who aided him in the crime.

The SFO believes that Chenge was one of the top people to receive a payoff from Vithlani because without the AG`s agreement, the financing package for the radar could not have gone through.

The AG`s office under Chenge was required to comment on and approve the financing package to purchase the radar deal, for which Tanzania was forced to borrow from the Barclays Bank Plc.

The $12m back-door payment to Vithlani, Chenge and others, represented 30 percent of the contract value.

SOURCE: Guardian

Haya SFO wameshawatafunia waendesha mashitaka wa bongo, ni kumeza tu sasa imebaki.

Hivi huyu Attoney General mbona ina-onekana ana nguvu kupita kiasi, kwa mtu mmoja? Kuna mtu anaweza kutusaidia kuwa ni comments gani Chenge alizotoa kuhusiana na umuhimu wa hiyo Radar Tanzania?

Forced, na nani? Bado tunasukumwa ka watumwa kwenye karne ya 21?
 
Kazi ipo tutaona nini ni nini.....mwaka huu.
Wana JF,
Nadhani sasa ni wakati wa kupiga kelele. Hili swala limekaa muda mrefu. Watanzania hatujui kama kuna kitu kinaendelea. Taarifa zinazojitokeza zinazidi kutisha.

a)Taarifa ya SFO ya 21 Machi, 2008 yenye Ref. SPCQ!/D/MC iliyopelekwa kwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali ilikwisha kutoa mwelekeo mkubwa na kuonyesha maeneo yote yanayodhaniwa kuna sura nzito ya Criminal charges. Taarifa hiyo ya SFO ilionyesha wahusika wakubwa kuwa ni BAE Systems, Red Diamonds Trading Ltd and Merlin International Ltd, Envers Ltd, Tanil Kumar Chandulal Somaiya, Shailish Pragji Vithlani, and Andrew Chenge and others.

b) Taarifa hiyo iliweka wazi Kampuni aliyokuwa akitumia Chenge na Mke wake inayoitwa Franton International Ltd ambayo ilikuwa ikipokea fedha kupitia njia mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na kutoka Frankfurt, Lichtenstein, na hatimaye kuingia Jersey, Uingireza. Kwa kitu kinachoonekana kama kupoteza dira.

c) Kampuni ya Franton International imepokea fedha kati ya June 1997 nadi April 1998 katika Akaunti ya US Dollars iliyoko Barclays Bank no 5966999.

d) Inaelekea Chenge mwenyewe alipohojiwa alikuwa akitoa kila mara maelezo ya kujikanganya, ikiwa ni pamoja na " yanatokana na "Professional Earnings", lakini hakuweza kuonyesha ni shughuli zipi za kitaalam zilizomwezesha kulipwa fedha hizo katika kipindi hicho ( ambacho ni kipindi cha ununuzi wa Radar). Katika mazungumzo na J.O. Hambro mawakili wake alieleza kuwa inatokana na "from family savings and Inheritance". Wenye akili watajiuliza hizo family savings ni kutoka wapi na inheritance hiyo ni kutoka wapi na kwa nani.

e) Tarehe 20 September, 1999 Chenge mwenyewe aliidhinisha kuhamisha kiasi cha GBP kutoka kampuni ya Fanton International kweny akaunti iliyoko Barclays kwenda Benki Royal Bank of Scotland International iliyoko Jersey. Mwaka 2006 alikabidhi mamlaka ya uendeshaji wa Akaunti hiyo kwa J.O.Hambro " in his name and his Wife's". Tarehe 13 September, 2006 Fedha zilizokuwepo Benki ikiwa asilimia 75% ikimilikiwa na Andrew Chenge na asilimia 25 ikimilikiwa na "Mrs Chenge".

f) Instruction aliyotoa Chenge ndiyo inayoonyesha sura halisi ya ufisadi mkubwa uliokuwepo. Wapelelezi wanasema,

"We did have a P.O.Box for him in Dar, but... nothing should be sent to that address from Jersey, if Mr. C's government were to be made aware of these assets in London, they may confiscatethem notwithstanding they legally belonged to Chenge and were not obtained via 'brown envolopes..'He asked his financial advisers to send all documentation to C/o 11 Sidmouth, Rd, London."

f) Isitoshe, May 1998 Mr. Chenge alihamisha fedha toka account yake kwenda Langley Investments Ltd (Langley), akaunti iliyokuwa ikisimamiwa (controlled) na Mr. Idrissa Rashid (Rashid) - Itakumbukwa kuwa alikuwa Governor wa BOT kati ya Mwaka 1993 hadi 1998 katika kipindi muhimu cha 'Negotiaton" ya ununuzi wa Radar husika.

Kutokana na hayo yote basi:
i) Ni dhahiri kuwa kuna sheria nyingi za Tanzania zimevunjwa, na hatuoni sababu ya Serikali ya kuwa na kigugumizi katika kumfikisha Mr. Chenge, na Bwana Rashid katika vyombo vya Dola, na hasa Mahakamani ili hatima ya Rasilimali za Taifa zilizotumika vibaya katika ununuzi wa Radar ijulikane. Hatuwezi kuendelea kupiga kelele za nchi maskini wakati rasilimali za Taifa hili zinawaneemesha wachache.
ii) Mhe Chenge ni Mbunge wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Uchunguzi umedhihirisha wazi kuwa Mr. Chenge, kama Mbunge hakutangaza Mali zake zilizokuwa Jersey na nje ya Nchi kama anavyotakiwa na Sheria ya Maadili ya Viongozi wa Umma, 1995, kwa Kamishna wa Maadili. Hii inaeleza wazi kwanini Kamishna wa Maadili aliwakataza viongozi wa Vyama vya Siasa kukagua Register ya maadili na kuweka masharti magumu. Kwa kitendo hiki, bila kesi mahakamani, Kamishna anatakiwa kutoa Taarifa kwa Mamlaka husika mara mmoja kuwa Mheshimiwa Chenge amevunja Sheria ya Maadili kwa kutokutangaza mali zake, na hivyo "automatically" amepoteza Sifa ya kuwa Mbunge. Inashangaza kuwa Sheria hiyo nayo imepindishwa kwa makusudi kumlinda Bwana Chenge. Ni nini au kuna nini nyuma ya kulindana huku?

g) Jambo hili la kutochukuliwa hatua stahiki na Kamishna wa Maadili linafanya zoezi la kujaza fomu za mali kuwa kichekesho pale hatua stahiki zinapokuwa hazichukuliwi na sheria zimevunjwa/kukiukwa.

Wana JF nimeona niweke haya hapa ili kuanzisha mjadala kuhusu jambo hili ambalo sasa linajuchukua muda. Mambo haya yanahusu Maslahi ya umma, na hata DPP wala Mwanasheria Mkuu hawawezi kuyanyamazia. Kwanza hadi sasa hakuna anayejua kitu gani kinaendelea. Hatutaki kuingilia kesi, lakini angalau basi Watanzania kama wenye mali wanatakiwa kujulishwa kama kuna uchunguzi wa ndani unaendelea, maandalizi ya kesi yamefikia hatu gani nakadhalika.

Hakuna mwenye hati miliki ya nchi hii, wote tuna haki yakujua kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya nchi yetu. Pili, mjadala husika utaisukuma serikali kuharakisha uchunguzi kama bado haujakamilika. Tatu kama kuna mtu anakuwa "protected" wajue kuwa tunajua mengi na kuwa hakuna tena linaloweza kufichwa. If anything, atakayejaribu kuficha Bomu litamlipukia kwa namna ambayo hajawahi kuiona. Nne mwenye kufahamu details zaidi naye tunaomba atumegee ili wote tusogee mbele kwa pamoja kwa maslahi ya nchi yetu.
 
This is also a big one guys. I read it from one of the SFO letters addressed to the Attorney General office, its really dissapointing. Shailesh Vishlani was to receive commission fees of 30% of US$40million on the sale of the radar equipment. The likes of Chenge ended up with US$1.5million and Idrisa received US$600,000.

Mkuu nakurekebisha
Chenge alipewa hizo $1.5 million na yeye akampa Dr Rashid $600,000 ambazo amedai alimkopesha kufanya biashara ya fenicha
Sasa huu si upuuzi mtupu pesa yote kapata muhindi na heshima wamepoteza wao
Chenge kama asingefanya huu utaahira angefika mbali sana kwani CCM wanamtegemea kwamambo mengi sana
 
Haya SFO wameshawatafunia waendesha mashitaka wa bongo, ni kumeza tu sasa imebaki.

Hivi huyu Attoney General mbona ina-onekana ana nguvu kupita kiasi, kwa mtu mmoja? Kuna mtu anaweza kutusaidia kuwa ni comments gani Chenge alizotoa kuhusiana na umuhimu wa hiyo Radar Tanzania?

Forced, na nani? Bado tunasukumwa ka watumwa kwenye karne ya 21?

SI rahisi kama unavyofikiri. Inabidi uwapanulie mdomo wao, ukiingize chakula mdomoni, na kukisukumizia na maji, na finally kumalizia na ngumi ya mgongoni.
 
Kwa nini wapiganaji mnaogopa kuiweka hiyo ripoti kamili ya SFO humu, kwa nini mnaandikia mate ilhali wino upo?
 
SI rahisi kama unavyofikiri. Inabidi uwapanulie mdomo wao, ukiingize chakula mdomoni, na kukisukumizia na maji, na finally kumalizia na ngumi ya mgongoni.

Mkuu inaelekea unawafahamu vema watu hawa. Katika hili nadhani kuna maslahi ya wakubwa wengine, zaidi ya hao waliotajwa, ambayo yanalindwa. Kwa hiyo, tutarajie danadana nyingi kabla suala hili halijachukua mkondo wa kuridhisha. nadhani wanachofanya sasa hivi ni maandalizi ya kuhakikisha kuwa hata kama linafikishwa mbele, wakubwa hao wataendelea kuhifadhiwa bila madhara makubwa
 
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