A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.Communicating systems use well-defined formats for exchanging various messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communication protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach an agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communication what programming languages are to computations. An alternate formulation states that protocols are to communication what algorithms are to computation.Multiple protocols often describe different aspects of a single communication. A group of protocols designed to work together is known as a protocol suite; when implemented in software they are a protocol stack.
Internet communication protocols are published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) handles wired and wireless networking and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) handles other types. The ITU-T handles telecommunication protocols and formats for the public switched telephone network (PSTN). As the PSTN and Internet converge, the standards are also being driven towards convergence.
Laughing stock of the world. Kituko cha dunia. Jinsi Muafrika asivyojijali, asivyojiheshimu, asivyojipenda, asivyo na upeo.
Rais aliyepita alisema mkimkamata mtu wetu huko duniani na madawa mnyongeni juu kwa juu, hatuna shida.
Imewekwa Vienna Protocol kulinda mabalozi wa mwezio. Wewe...
Hivi kwenye jambo lolote linalohitaji kibali cha Rais, au waziri wa sector husika, kunapotokea kuna mkataba kama ule wa DP WORLD, Rais au waziri anapitia kwanza au kuna watu wanapitia kwa niaba yake halafu baadaye yeye anaonyeshwa tu pa kuweka sahihi?
Na kama ikatokea kuna mikataba ya nchi na...
Rais wa Kenya, William Ruto na mkewe wametambulisha mfumo mpya wa kufanya maombi kwa ajili ya Nchi hiyo kwa kufunga kutokula na kufanya maombi mara moja kwa wiki ikidaiwa kuwa utaratibu huo pia unaweza kuanza kutumiwa na wafanyakazi wa Ikulu.
Utaratibu unatarajiwa kufanyika kila Jumatano ambapo...
MARAIS WA AFRIKA KUPAKIWA KWENYE BUS NI DHIHAKA?
Na Abbas Mwalimu
(0719258484).
Jumatatu tarehe 19 Septemba, 2022.
Kumekuwa na mijadala mingi kuhusu viongozi wa Afrika kupakiwa kwenye usafiri (bus) wa gari moja wakati wakielekea kwenye ibada ya mazishi Westminster Abbey.
Swali ni je...
If you haven’t been vaxxed this would be a good preventative measure against vaccine shedding of the spike protein by people who have been vaxxed.Black Seed Oil ‘Strongly Binds’ to Vaxxed Spike Protein—Prevents Vascular Damage
Black seed oil (from black cumin seed – NOT black currant seed)...
Kwa kweli ni Jambo la Aibu kusahau mambo muhim hivi! ina maana Dangote kicheo ni mkubwa kuliko mama yetu?
Hizi aibu zisijirudie! hata mpiga picha hajui protokali?
daah noma kweli
Hapa nchini viongozi wote wakubwa huwa wanawekwa viti vya kukalia vyenye utofauti na watendaji au washiriki wengine wanapokuwa katika matukio mbali mbali ya kikazi yanayohitaji vikao.
Ukiingalia kiti cha waziri mkuu au mawaziri wengine wanapokuwa kwenye vikao hivyo na watendaji wao utagundua...
Habari, Juzi Mh. Rais, Mh. Samia Suluhu Hassan ameteua wakuu wa mikoa wa mikoa yote ya Tanzania bara na miongoni ya walioteuliwa ni aliyekuwa mkuu wa Jeshi la Kujenga Taifa (JKT), Meja General Charles Mbuge kuwa mkuu wa Mkoa wa Kagera akichukua nafasi ya Brigedia Generali Marco Kaguti ambaye...
Yaani kiongozi anashuka kwenye gari anazungukwa na minders zaidi ya hamsini wengine wananing'inia kwenye milango, hadi kiongozi anaenda kukaa jukwaani kaambatana na minders zaidi ya 20 wanamzunguka hadi anakaa na bado kuna wanamsimamia kwa nyuma, kwa hatari gani aliyokuwa nayo kiongozi wa nchi...
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