kutaka

Kuṭṭaka is an algorithm for finding integer solutions of linear Diophantine equations. A linear Diophantine equation is an equation of the form ax + by = c where x and y are unknown quantities and a, b, and c are known quantities with integer values. The algorithm was originally invented by the Indian astronomer-mathematician Āryabhaṭa (476–550 CE) and is described very briefly in his Āryabhaṭīya. Āryabhaṭa did not give the algorithm the name Kuṭṭaka, and his description of the method was mostly obscure and incomprehensible. It was Bhāskara I (c. 600 – c. 680) who gave a detailed description of the algorithm with several examples from astronomy in his Āryabhatiyabhāṣya, who gave the algorithm the name Kuṭṭaka. In Sanskrit, the word Kuṭṭaka means pulverization (reducing to powder), and it indicates the nature of the algorithm. The algorithm in essence is a process where the coefficients in a given linear Diophantine equation are broken up into smaller numbers to get a linear Diophantine equation with smaller coefficients. In general, it is easy to find integer solutions of linear Diophantine equations with small coefficients. From a solution to the reduced equation, a solution to the original equation can be determined. Many Indian mathematicians after Aryabhaṭa have discussed the Kuṭṭaka method with variations and refinements. The Kuṭṭaka method was considered to be so important that the entire subject of algebra used to be called Kuṭṭaka-ganita or simply Kuṭṭaka. Sometimes the subject of solving linear Diophantine equations is also called Kuṭṭaka.
In literature, there are several other names for the Kuṭṭaka algorithm like Kuṭṭa, Kuṭṭakāra and Kuṭṭikāra. There is also a treatise devoted exclusively to a discussion of Kuṭṭaka. Such specialized treatises are very rare in the mathematical literature of ancient India. The treatise written in Sanskrit is titled Kuṭṭākāra Śirōmaṇi and is authored by one Devaraja.The Kuṭṭaka algorithm has much similarity with and can be considered as a precursor of the modern day extended Euclidean algorithm. The latter algorithm is a procedure for finding integers x and y satisfying the condition ax + by = gcd(a, b).

View More On Wikipedia.org
  1. Yoda

    JamiiForums Tanzania Watu wa dini wabinafsi sana, Waislamu Kenya nao wataka msikiti kujengwa ndani ya Ikulu!

    Baada ya Rais Ruto wa Kenya kulewa kidini na kuifanya dini kuwa mojawapo ya nyenzo kuu za utawala wake kuvuna ushawishi miongoni mwa raia hadi kufikia kujenga kanisa ikulu ya Kenya kwa kile anachodai ni kwa pesa za mfukoni kwake binafsi hatimaye Waislamu wa Kenya huko Mombasa nao wameibuka na...
  2. Robert Heriel Mtibeli

    JamiiForums Tanzania Maneno huumba? Kauli ya channel ya vichekesho mbinguni. Je wachekeshaji na wafanya vituko kutaka kujazana bungeni ndio mwanzo wa taifa la vituko?

    Hamjambo Wote! Kuna msemo na Imani kuwa kauli na maneno ya mara kwa mara huumba. Kisaikolojia ni kweli. Kujitamkia au kutamkiwa maneno yaleyale mara kwa mara huyafanya yatokee. Na kuwa kweli. Kwa sababu maneno huathiri mfumo wa ufahamu, kufikiri, na hatimaye mtazamo. Je watu kusema taifa kuwa...
  3. M

    JamiiForums Tanzania Karata ya kufunga Strait of Hormuz na kuishiwa Interceptors za ulinzi wa anga vyamtisha Trump na kutaka ceasefire.

    Kwanza nataka nikiri kuwa wazungu ni wajanja. Wao huwa wanaact kwa mtindo wa good cop vs bad cop. Safari hii Marekani na Israel walikuwa bad cops huku Uingereza, Ufaransa na Ujerumani zikijifanya kama ziko mbali lakini behind the scenes wako pamoja. Leo Trump ametangaza ceasefire kati ya Israel...
  4. BROTHER OF BROTHERS

    JamiiForums Tanzania Maulizo ya kutaka kujua kwa undani

    Tofauti Kati ya Police Service ya Kenya na Police Force ya Tanzania ni nini wadau?
  5. W

    JamiiForums Tanzania Serikali: Tumeona tangazo la Marekani, Tumeanza kufanya Mashauriano

    Kufuatia taarifa ya Rais wa Marekani Donald Trump kuhusu la kutaka nchi 36 kutaka kufanyia kazi baadhi ya mambo kadhaa ya kiuhamiaji ambayo yanaweza kuzuia raia wa Kitanzania kuzuiwa kuingia Marekani Msemaji wa Serikali Gerson Msigwa amesema " Naomba kuujulisha umma kuwa tayari Serikali ya...
  6. M

    JamiiForums Tanzania Shura ya Maimamu wa Tanzania yatoa waraka mzito-Yalaani matendo ya utekaji na mauaji nchini na kutaka haki katika chaguzi nchini

    HAYA NI BAADHI YA MAMBO YALIYOMO KATIKA WARAKA WA SHURA YA MAIMAMU , WARAKA MZIMA UPO KATIKA ATTACHMENT SHURA YA MAIMAMU TANZANIA S.L.B.2055 DAR ES SALAAM. 0748410746 WARAKA WA IDD ADH-HAA DHULHIJJA 10, 1446 = JUNI 07, 2025 PITIO LA HALI YA MAISHA TANZANIA 2025 Uchaguzi Mkuu Oktoba 2025...
  7. Braza Kede

    JamiiForums Kenya, JamiiForums Tanzania Tabia za baadhi ya wanawake kutaka wapewe pesa na zawadi zinawafanya wanaume weengi kuamini kuwa tendo la ndoa halina umuhimu kwa mwanamke

    Inaweza ikakushangaza lakini huu ndio ukweli wenyewe. Katika jamii zetu za kiafrika wanawake walio wengi wanakuwa hawapo tayari kushiriki tendo pasipo ahadi ya kupewa pesa au zawadi fulani. Yaani ili mwanamke akupe tendo basi ni lazma utoe kitu flani. Hali hii inafanya wanaume wengi kuamini...
  8. Echolima1

    JamiiForums Tanzania Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa leo litapigia kura azimio la kutaka kusitishwa mara moja kwa mapigano huko Gaza

    Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa leo litapigia kura azimio la kutakao kusitishwa mara moja kwa mapigano huko Gaza. Azimio hilo haliwekei masharti ya kusitisha mapigano kwa kuachiliwa kwa mateka waliosalia. Kwa maneno mengine, inawaacha Hamas madarakani, wakiwa na silaha, na kuwashikilia...
  9. U

    JamiiForums Tanzania Fatma Karume amlipua Gwajima kwa kutaka Misikiti kugeuzwa Sunday Schools

    Katika chapisho lenye maneno makali kwenye mtandao wa X (zamani Twitter), mwanasheria na mwanaharakati mashuhuri Fatma Karume amemshambulia vikali Mbunge wa Kawe, Askofu Josephat Gwajima, kwa nia ya kutaka “misikiti igeuzwe kuwa Sunday Schools.” Kauli hiyo imeibua mjadala mzito kuhusu uhuru wa...
  10. Mkalukungone Mwamba

    JamiiForums Tanzania PreGE2025 Tarimba: Yeyote yule akionesha ishara za kutaka kuipasua CCM, tutampasua yeye kwanza

    Mbunge wa Jimbo la Kinondoni na Mjumbe wa Mkutano Mkuu wa CCM, Abbas Tarimba, amesema kuwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ni taasisi imara isiyoweza kuyumbishwa na mtu yeyote mwenye nia ovu ya kukipasua. Akizungumza katika viwanja vya Jakaya Kikwete Convention Centre jijini Dodoma, Tarimba alisema...
  11. M

    JamiiForums Tanzania Waraka wa Mabadiliko Je Zitto alikuwa sahihi kutaka kumng'oa Mbowe?

    Sote tunaona yanayoendelea ndani ya CHADEMA ya leo. Uchaguzi ndani ya chama umezaa kizaazaa baada ya madalali wa kisiasa nchini kupigwa chini. Takriban miaka 12 iliyopita, wakati huo Kijana Zitto Kabwe, Kitila Mkumbo na Samson Mwigamba walipanga mkakati wa kumng'oa Freeman Mbowe, hoja yao kuu...
  12. eli -DEFIANT- cohen

    JamiiForums Kenya, JamiiForums Tanzania Is it fair kumhukumu mdada kwa kutaka kuwa na bwana mwenye pesa zaidi?

  13. Pdidy

    JamiiForums Tanzania Wenye kutaka tshirt za hatuchezi mbele mpambane na hali zenu tuwasiliane nbox

    Kwa wana Yanga tu Kuna tshirt za hatuchezi zinanza kutoka jmosi Na mbele mpambane na hali zenu Tuwasiliane nbox
  14. Genius Man

    JamiiForums Tanzania Ni wazi kujiondoa kwa G55 kuna ajenda ya siri ya kutaka kuyumbusha chama lakini hii nayo inampigia promo Lissu duniani kote

    Kila mmoja anajua na hata ualaya wanajua Lissu amehamasisha uwepo wa uchaguzi huru na wa haki nchini, sasa anae waelewa hawa G55 aje anieleweshe wanapinga nini ? kwenye mabadiliko hayo na progamu hiyo ya chama. Ukiangalia vizuri hawa G55 wana ajenda ya siri nyuma ya pazia au wametumwa na mtu...
  15. Zemanda

    JamiiForums Kenya, JamiiForums Tanzania Mwanamke kutaka mwanaume a'provide kwao ni lazima ila kumheshimu na kumtii mwanaume ni option

    Ukitazama kwenye mahusiano ya watu wengi utagundua kuwa wanawake hudhania kumtii mwanaume,kusikiliza maagizo yake na kuyafanyia utekelezaji bila kuhoji maswali yasiyo ya lazima,kuwa msikilizaji mzuri na sio mzinguaji au mpinzani, kuwa mshirika na sio hasimu, hivi vyote kwao hudhania ni option...
  16. DELETED ACCOUNT

    JamiiForums Tanzania Sababu mojawapo ya kutaka Stellenbosch wafungwe na Simba ni hizi dharau za wasouth

    Asubuhi asubuhi nadondosha uzi. Ebwana wasouth wana dharau sana kwa waafrika wenzao. Yaani hawa jamaa tumewapigania na tuliwapa hadi hifadhi lakini leo wanatuona waafrika wenzao kama nyani na ngedere. Wanatuona kama binadamu ambao hawajastaarabika. Kuna video nimeiona jana usiku wakiiongelea...
  17. Webabu

    JamiiForums Tanzania Nakumbuka siku Mbowe alipotaka kulitumia kanisa kutaka kuvunja katiba na akashindwa.Sijui itakuwaje kwa Lisu baada kanisa kurudi tena.

    Chadema chini ya Freeman Mbowe walibadili ajenda ghafla baada ya kufa kwa kada wao na kufanya vuguvugu la kutaka kumpindua raisi aliye madarakani. Siku ilipofika wakamuingiza chaka mpaka baba askofu ambaye alitumia redio za kanisa kuwashawishi wafuasi wa Chadema wajiunge kwenye maandamano.Kwa...
  18. M

    JamiiForums Kenya, JamiiForums Tanzania Kutaka kila mtu akuongelee vizuri ni kutafuta msongo wa mawazo kuwa mwema ila usijali watakavyokuongelea

    KUTAKA KILA MTU AKUONGELEE VIZURI NI KUTAFUTA MSONGO WA MAWAZO KUWA MWEMA ILA USIJALI WATAVYOKUONGELEA Zama zinaenda kasi na vifo vitokanavyo na matokeo ya msongo wa mawazo vikiongezeka ikiwemo kujiua au shinikizo la juu la damu hata magonjwa ya moyo. Msongo wa mawazo hautoki mbinguni bali ni...
  19. GENTAMYCINE

    JamiiForums Tanzania Mzee Dalali nakuheshimu sana na acha kabisa kutaka Kuwadanganya wana Simba SC kuwa sijui Yanga SC wanatuhujumu ili tufungwe Keshokutwa na Al Masry

    “Kuna watu hawataki tuendelee hivyo wanawatumia baadhi ya watu wetu wa ndani. Wanasimba wote njoeni uwanjani, na jamaa pia njoeni muone, hata wakitaka wavae misuli njoeni kushangilia timu yetu. Lakini nawambia tarehe 9 mwarabu atatafuta sehemu ya kupitia.”- Mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Simba, Hassan...
  20. GENTAMYCINE

    JamiiForums Tanzania Haya wale ambao mnamtetea Ali Kamwe na Utoto, Upuuzi na kutaka Kwake Sifa zinazoenda Kumtokea puani sasa mjibuni huyu Dada kama mna Hoja za maana

    "Naomba mamlaka husika za mpira wa miguu kwa maana ya TFF na Bodi ya ligi kuchukulia hatua jambo hili, Bodi ya ligi hawajawahi kusema wasemaji tutukane viongozi na nampa masaa 24 Ali Kamwe amuombe msamaha mkuu watu wa mkoa Paul Chacha."- Christiana Mwagala ( @mwagala.christina) Afisa Habari wa...
Back
Top Bottom