Ni jinsi gani earthing (Grounding) kwenye nyumba ya umeme ina complete circuit?

[PD_Magumba]

Kwa mjibu wa basics za Physics, electric current itapita na kufanya kazi kama tu kuna closed path(Complete circuit).

Kwa maana hiyo kifaa chochote cha umeme kitafanya kazi kama kipo kwenye complete circuit.

Sasa naomba kujua katika lugha ya kawaida kabisa ni jinsi gani ile earth rod kwenye mfumo wa umeme humo ardhini ina complete circuit ili kufanikisha kazi ya ku-dump excess au dangerous current (s)?

 

[Vangiporini]

Kwa mjibu wa basics za Physics, electric current itapita na kufanya kazi kama tu kuna closed path(Complete circuit).

Kwa maana hiyo kifaa chochote cha umeme kitafanya kazi kama kipo kwenye complete circuit.

Sasa naomba kujua katika lugha ya kawaida kabisa ni jinsi gani ile earth rod kwenye mfumo wa umeme humo ardhini ina complete circuit ili kufanikisha kazi ya ku-dump excess au dangerous current (s)?

niseme tu kwamba Earthing system haipo kwaajili ya kucomplete circuit,

Earthing system yenyewe ndo inakuwa inalinda circuit kwa kuhakikisha hakuna umeme unaovuja kwenye circuit ikisaidiwa na ELCB na RCCB ambazo zinadetect kuvuja kwa umeme kwenye sakiti (mf. Live ikagusa waya wa Earth au metal box ambazo zimeungwa na earth), ndipo zitakata umeme kwa usalama zaidi

 

[Benhorta]

Mechanism ya ulinzi wa umeme yani Circuit Breaker (CB)
ni kuhakikisha kuwa tofauti ya voltage (+e) inayopita kwenye waya wenye umeme (live wire) inalingana na tofauti ya voltage (-e) inayopita kwenye waya wa neutral (urudiako kwenye chanzo chake). Kwa hiyo, ikitokea tofauti ya voltage imevuja kutoka live kwenda kwenye grounding wire kwasababu labda mtumiaji ameweka kifaa kibovu au waya zimechubuka na kugusana au tatizo lolote,, ELCB itapokea tofauti ya voltage chache kuliko ilivyotoa (+e). Hii inaashiria kuwa sehemu ya umeme imeelekea kwenye grounding, na hivyo, kutokea kwa upungufu wa elektroni na kupelekea kutrip kwa circuit breaker.

Kwa kifupi, kazi ya wire ya Earthing ni kusaidia kukuhakikisha usalama wa mfumo na kuchukua umeme unaovuja na kwenda aridhini, kwa kufanya hivyo utamlinda mtumiaji kutokana madhara ya umeme na kitendo hicho kina kamilisha mechanism ya protection.

 

[dronedrake]

kagua vizuri kwenye nguzo za transformer(inayolisha umeme kwako) utaona kuna wire wa 50mm2 wa kijani unaelekea chini, ardhini, kule chini kuna earth rod ndefu kabisa mithili ya mnazi

hii ndiyo inayopokea ile leakage current inayofyonzwa na earth rod ya home kwako, hence circuit completed

 

[Benhorta]

kagua vizuri kwenye nguzo za transformer(inayolisha umeme kwako) utaona kuna wire wa 50mm2 wa kijani unaelekea chini, ardhini, kule chini kuna earth rod ndefu kabisa mithili ya mnazi

hii ndiyo inayopokea ile leakage current inayofyonzwa na earth rod ya home kwako, hence circuit completed

Hicho ulichonandika si sahihi mkuu, napingana nawe kuhusu ground kuwa ina complete circuit, na ground iliyopo kwenye transformer hilo sio kweli kabisa. Naomba utafakari swali langu hili: ikiwa nazalisha umeme kupitia generator kisha nikachomeka umeme kwenye main switch yangu live na neutral, je, ni kweli kwamba kama umeme utavuja na kwenda ardhini, basi CB haitatrip kwa sababu hakuna complete circuit kati ya Earthing rod yangu na generator? Unachanganya mambo mkuu, Earth rod ya transformer ina kazi nyingine nje ya kucomplete circuit

 

[dronedrake]

Hicho ulichondika ni sio kweli

sawa

 

[JMF]

Hicho ulichonandika si sahihi mkuu, napingana nawe kuhusu ground kuwa ina complete circuit, na ground iliyopo kwenye transformer hilo sio kweli kabisa. Naomba utafakari swali langu hili: ikiwa nazalisha umeme kupitia generator kisha nikachomeka umeme kwenye main switch yangu live na neutral, je, ni kweli kwamba kama umeme utavuja na kwenda ardhini, basi CB haitatrip kwa sababu hakuna complete circuit kati ya Earthing rod yangu na generator? Unachanganya mambo mkuu, Earth rod ya transformer ina kazi nyingine nje ya kucomplete circuit boss .

Generator nyingi na hata hizi invetor za solar zina sehemu ya kufunga earth rod ila huwa hatuzingatii hilo

 

[PD_Magumba]

Hicho ulichonandika si sahihi mkuu, napingana nawe kuhusu ground kuwa ina complete circuit, na ground iliyopo kwenye transformer hilo sio kweli kabisa. Naomba utafakari swali langu hili: ikiwa nazalisha umeme kupitia generator kisha nikachomeka umeme kwenye main switch yangu live na neutral, je, ni kweli kwamba kama umeme utavuja na kwenda ardhini, basi CB haitatrip kwa sababu hakuna complete circuit kati ya Earthing rod yangu na generator? Unachanganya mambo mkuu, Earth rod ya transformer ina kazi nyingine nje ya kucomplete circuit boss 😁.

Kinacho nichanganya mimi Layman kwenye hili ni kwamba. Umeme unawezaje kuflow mpaka ardhini kupitia hiyo earth rod pasipo na complete circuit?

 

[Benhorta]

Generator nyingi na hata hizi invetor za solar zina sehemu ya kufunga earth rod ila huwa hatuzingatii hilo

Upo sahihi, lakini nachopinga mm ni kuwa iyo Earth ya generator ina complete circuit na Earth rod ya nyumba (mtumiaji) ilo tu ndio napinga mimi mkuu.

 

[mwalisi]

tt system

Upo sahihi, lakini nachopinga mm ni kuwa iyo Earth ya generator ina complete circuit na Earth rod ya nyumba (mtumiaji) ilo tu ndio napinga mimi mkuu.

TT SYSTEM

 

[PD_Magumba]

tt system

TT SYSTEM

TT SYSTEM ndo nini mkuu? tupe madini

 

[mkorinto]

Kinacho nichanganya mimi Layman kwenye hili ni kwamba. Umeme unawezaje kuflow mpaka ardhini kupitia hiyo earth rod pasipo na complete circuit?

jibu la kilayman ni kwamba umeme unaokwenda kule unatupwa kwa kubadilishwa form nadhani joto.ndio sababu wanaweka ile nondo ya shaba baada ya waya kuingia ardhini.

wanashuri hiyo copa zaidi na sio msumari au nondo kama akina fundi maiko wanavyofanyaga kirahisisha mambo.

 

[Chenchele]

Transformer has two conductors grounded.

1. Neutral (black)
2. Earth wire(s) (green)


Earth wire(s) is for protection of transformer na associated components.

Neutral is for user ELCB customer protection again leakages.

Let's go:

Technically it's advisable to install earth rods 2m deep for both transformer (both for N and E) and houses.

The number of earth rods may increase or adding charcoal and salt until required resistance is obtained (below 0.5 Ohm )

This way we can achieve below 1 Ohm ground canductivity making underground electrical path easier.

At now Transformer grounded Neutral and houses earth rods are at the same potential (low voltage).


How now ELCB trips?

Kama inadvertently lives (L) wire imegusana na any metal that connects to ground or wall itself in the house then earth were ata conduct way down to the earth rod and then being at the same potential, transformer rods specifically neutral wire ata carry on hii leakage and then itapita na kurudia Kwenye LV ABC bundles (400V au 230V) along the way to your meter and to your main switch. At this point your house Neutral has leakage.


Let's brake here:
-------------
ELCB ina trip Kwa electromagnetic au thermal tripping or combination of both.


Most of them ni electromagnetic tripping. That Neutral na Live zimezungushwa each on one leg of transformer or inductor in several turns around electroagnetic core.


Kama wire zote zinapitisha current sawa (go for L and return for N) then magnetic field produced ina cancel out and hence rod plunge haiexperience push or pull force ku break circuit.
--------

Get back to our breakpoint above.


This time now Neutral ina leakage therefore magnetic field generated Za N zitamu edge out Zile Za Live and hence extra magnetic field zinazarisha force (according to Fleming left hand rule) consequently hii force ina push or pull rod plunge same as solenoid works breaking electrical connection automatically. It will keep tripping until leakage issue is solved.


That makes sense right?