Fizikia: Joto (chemsha bongo!)

[Moseley]

Majibu:

1. nyuzi joto sifuri ( 0 centigrade)

0 centigrade ni sawa na 32 Fahrenheit.. Mara mbili ya 32 ni 64 Fahrenheit.. Ukibadilisha 64F kwenda kwenye centigrade inakuwa ni 18 Centigrade..
Kwa hiyo mara mbili ya 0 Centigrade ni 18 Centigrade.

2. nyuzi joto sifuri ( 0 Fahrenheit )



0 Fahrenheit ni sawa na -18 Centigrade.. Mara mbili ya -18C ni -36C. Ukibadilisha -36 kwenda kwenye Fahrenheit inakuwa ni -33 Fahrenheit..
Kwa hiyo mara mbili ya 0 Fahrenheit ni -33 Fahrenheit.


Kama swali lako lilihusisha CENTIGRADE, jibu ni lile la namba 1, na kama ulihusisha FAHRENHEIT jibu ni lile la namba 2

Let me put my point clear!
Basically when you think of "Baridi kuongezeka au Kupungua", heat energy have to be considered! Heat energy comes into existence when there is either of the two things below
1. Change of state of the material under reference (LATENT HEAT)
2. Change of temperature.. (HEAT CAPACITY)

Degree of coldness or hotness depends on the change of temperature, the formula to calculate degree of hotness or coldness is given by H=mc(t1-t2).. In order to find, if the coldness or hotness has increased twice we need to know the mass of the material under reference and the specific heat capacity of that material..

From the basic meaning of degree of coldness or hotness H=mc(t1-t2), we are supposed to have three different temperature references(t1,t2,t3) then we can calculate and compare two distinct Degree of hotness or coldness (heat Energies) ie, H1=mc(t1-t2) and H2=mc(t3-t2)..

At a temperature(t), the material can't have any degree of hotness or coldness unless there is a temperature change..

So your question is more physical and practical than theoritical

 

[Sikonge]

Kelvin ni moja ya vipimo 7 vya joto vinavyotumika duniani kwenye SI units.

Kelvin kama Celcius ni vipimo tu ambavyo binadamu amejiwekea ili kurahisisha maisha. Ninavyofahamu mie ukitaka kupiga mahesabu kwa kutumia joto, basi siku zote inabidi uhamishie kwenye Kelvin. Kwa mfano unapojenga daraja, inabidi kufahamu joto la juu la eneo hilo na joto la chini na hapo unaangalia kama hili daraja litasimama baada ya joto kuwa kali sana au baridi sana (kwa watu wa nchi za baridi).

Hii ni sheria kama ilivyo sheria ya mahesabu ya MAGAZIJUTO (Mabano, gawanya, zidisha, humlia, toa). Na ukifanya tofauti na sheria hiyo bas majibu yatakuja mengine. Kwenye Kelvin pia iliamriwa hivyo ili kutowachanganya watu na si kuwa Kelvin ndiyo Msahafu na hauwezi kuguswa.

Kelvin, yenyewe ina Point of Reference inayoitwa Aspolute zero (the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases).

Kuna kitu inaitwa Triple Point (exactly 273.16 K (0.01°C) ambapo wanasema kuwa Maji, Barafu na Mvuke vinaweza kuwa kama Nguchiro na Mchwa ndani ya Kichuguu. Hii ni point ambayo ukianza kwenda juu (Only H2O) basi unapata Maji, ukishuka chini unapata Barafu.

Hapa tunaweza kubishana sana maana ni kiasi tu cha mtu u mtumwa kiasi gani wa ulichofunidhswa na uwezo wako wa kufikiri na kulinganisha vitu tofauti duniani. Mie hiyo Triple Point naweza kuiita au kuitumia kama Point of Refenrence, mwengine akaja akasema yeye ni 0Kelvin tu na nyingine hizi hataki hata kusikia.

Siyo Mtaalamu wa Physics na hapo sintajadili. Ila kwenye Ujenzi, hizi POR huwa zinakuwa nyingi. Nina hakika pale UDSM wana ya kwao ikionyesha Azimuth, urefu kutoka Sea Level, umbali kutoka POR ya mkoa wa Dar nk. Inawezekana kwenye Physics hamruhusiwe kutumia hivi vitu ila kwenywe Engineering, mambo poa kabisa.

Kwangu mie, 0 °C. ni POR kabisaaaaaa na haina ubishi. Labda iko hivyo kwa sababu kwa maisha ya kila siku, binadamu ana deal zaidi na MAJI na hiyo 0Kelvin, au haipo (Kiranga) au mnayo kwenye Lab peke yake.

Uko on point kwenye point of reference, but in energy and temperature physics the point of reference is 0Kelvin and not 0Centigrade.

 

[SMU]

Kwangu mie, 0 °C. ni POR kabisaaaaaa na haina ubishi. Labda iko hivyo kwa sababu kwa maisha ya kila siku, binadamu ana deal zaidi na MAJI na hiyo 0Kelvin, au haipo (Kiranga) au mnayo kwenye Lab peke yake.

Nakubaliana na wewe kwamba hata kwenye sayansi mambo kadhaa ni conventional zaidi na sio halisi. Sote tunajua unaweza kuwa na temperature chini ya zero centigrate (negative). Hii ina maana kuwa kumbe hata katika hali ya kawaida tu kuna kiwango cha chini kuliko zero centigrate kinachoweza kufikiwa and so haiwezi kuwa POR bora. Kuna 'desa' hapa chini linaweza kutoa somo kuhusu vipimo:

The four scales of measurement are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

Nominal: Categorical data and numbers that are simply used as identifiers or names represent a nominal scale of measurement. Numbers on the back of a baseball jersey and your social security number are examples of nominal data. If I conduct a study and I'm including gender as a variable, I may code Female as 1 and Male as 2 or visa versa when I enter my data into the computer. Thus, I am using the numbers 1 and 2 to represent categories of data.

Ordinal: An ordinal scale of measurement represents an ordered series of relationships or rank order. Individuals competing in a contest may be fortunate to achieve first, second, or third place. first, second, and third place represent ordinal data. If Roscoe takes first and Wilbur takes second, we do not know if the competition was close; we only know that Roscoe outperformed Wilbur. Likert-type scales (such as "On a scale of 1 to 10, with one being no pain and ten being high pain, how much pain are you in today?") also represent ordinal data. Fundamentally, these scales do not represent a measurable quantity. An individual may respond 8 to this question and be in less pain than someone else who responded 5. A person may not be in exactly half as much pain if they responded 4 than if they responded 8. All we know from this data is that an individual who responds 6 is in less pain than if they responded 8 and in more pain than if they responded 4. Therefore, Likert-type scales only represent a rank ordering.

Interval: A scale that represents quantity and has equal units but for which zero represents simply an additional point of measurement is an interval scale. The Fahrenheit scale is a clear example of the interval scale of measurement. Thus, 60 degree Fahrenheit or -10 degrees Fahrenheit represent interval data. Measurement of Sea Level is another example of an interval scale. With each of these scales there are direct, measurable quantities with equality of units. In addition, zero does not represent the absolute lowest value. Rather, it is point on the scale with numbers both above and below it (for example, -10degrees Fahrenheit).

Ratio: The ratio scale of measurement is similar to the interval scale in that it also represents quantity and has equality of units. However, this scale also has an absolute zero (no numbers exist below zero). Very often, physical measures will represent ratio data (for example, height and weight). If one is measuring the length of a piece of wood in centimeters, there is quantity, equal units, and that measure cannot go below zero centimeters. A negative length is not possible.

Ni kweli pia absolute zero haijawahi kufikiwa (hata kwenye maabara):

The average temperature of the universe due to cosmic microwave background radiation today is 2.73 K.


Absolute zero cannot be achieved artificially, although it is possible to reach temperatures close to it through the use of cryocoolers. Laser cooling is a technique used to take temperatures to within a billionth of a degree of 0 K.[5] At very low temperatures in the vicinity of absolute zero, matter exhibits many unusual properties including superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose-Einstein condensation. In order to study such phenomena, scientists have worked to obtain ever lower temperatures.

• The current world record was set in 1999 at 100 picokelvins by cooling a piece of rhodium metal.[6]

• In November 2000, nuclear spin temperatures below 100 pK were reported for an experiment at the Helsinki University of Technology's Low Temperature Lab. However, this was the temperature of one particular degree of freedom — a quantum property called nuclear spin — not the overall average thermodynamic temperature for all possible degrees in freedom.[7][8]

• In February 2003, the Boomerang Nebula was observed to have been releasing gases at a speed of 500,000 km/h (over 300,000 mph) for the last 1,500 years. This has cooled it down to approximately 1 K, as deduced by astronomical observation. This is the lowest natural temperature ever recorded.[9]

• In May 2005, The European Space Agency proposed research in space to achieve femto-kelvin temperatures.[10]

• In May 2006, the Institute of Quantum Optics at the University of Hanover gives details of technologies and benefits of femto-kelvin research in space.[11]

 

[Sikonge]

Mkuu, mie naongelea muda wote Point Of reference na siyo Absolute zero.

Tunapozungumzia Absolute zero, hiyo haina ubishi kuwa ni Kelvin tu inabidi icheze.

Ila unapozungumzia Point Of Refence, hii unaweza kuiweka popote pale unapotaka.

Unaweza hata kuiweka kwenye 100°C ambapo maji yanakuwa Mvuke....... huko tusiende sana.

Ndiyo maana POR ya bahari ni 0.00m. Kutoka hapo unaweza kwenda chini na unaweza kwenda juu.

Sasa kurudi kwenye swali:
Maadamu Zero haina + wala -, ukizidisha mara mbili, jibu lazima lirudi kuwa Zero. Ukileta ujanja wa kubadili Units, basi K na F zitaleta majibu tofauti kabisa ukirudisha kwenye Celicius. Sasa maadamu inatupa majibu tofauti, ina maana kuna sehemu tunakosea.

Kwani kama ingelikuwa joto ni +15°C, na kesho ni mara mbili ya hiyo, si tungelizidisha hapo mara mbili na kusema kuwa kesho ni +30°C? Kwa nini tuliposikia kuwa joto ni 0°C basi tunaanza kuhaha na kuibadilisha kwenye units nyingine? Ninachofahamu ni kuwa kwa mfano kwenye formula ya Temperature Lost=Temperature gain, huwa tunatumia Heat = T ambayo ni Kelvin na kuitumia bila mkwaruzo.

Pia kuna hii

ambapo T ni temp. Sasa kama umepewa Celicius, ni lazima tuje kwenye Kelvin ili mambo yaende.
Vinginevyo kwa matumizi ya kawaida kama swali lako lilivyoletwa, tunabaki na hiyo hiyo Celicius. Na hapa jibu ni simple 0°C x 2 = 0 °C. Ngoma juu.........

Nakubaliana na wewe kwamba hata kwenye sayansi mambo kadhaa ni conventional zaidi na sio halisi. Sote tunajua unaweza kuwa na temperature chini ya zero centigrate (negative). Hii ina maana kuwa kumbe hata katika hali ya kawaida tu kuna kiwango cha chini kuliko zero centigrate kinachoweza kufikiwa and so haiwezi kuwa POR bora. Kuna 'desa' hapa chini linaweza kutoa somo kuhusu vipimo:
Ni kweli pia absolute zero haijawahi kufikiwa (hata kwenye maabara):

 

[Nyani Ngabu]

Sikonge, wewe umeshawahi kuvumbua nini?

 

[SMU]

Maadamu Zero haina + wala -, ukizidisha mara mbili, jibu lazima lirudi kuwa Zero. Ukileta ujanja wa kubadili Units, basi K na F zitaleta majibu tofauti kabisa ukirudisha kwenye Celicius. Sasa maadamu inatupa majibu tofauti, ina maana kuna sehemu tunakosea.

Kwani kama ingelikuwa joto ni +15°C, na kesho ni mara mbili ya hiyo, si tungelizidisha hapo mara mbili na kusema kuwa kesho ni +30°C? Kwa nini tuliposikia kuwa joto ni 0°C basi tunaanza kuhaha na kuibadilisha kwenye units nyingine?

Ngoja tujaribu kutumia mfano wa urefu wa majengo. Kuna majengo mawili yako kilimani na kilele cha kilima hicho kipo urefu wa mita 273 kutoka usawa wa bahari. POR yetu ni ground level katika kilele cha kilima hicho (assume pale kileleni yalipokaa majengo papo flat) na 'absolute zero' yetu ni usawa wa bahari. Majengo hayo mawili moja lina 'urefu' wa mita 15 kutoka ground level na lingine lina 'urefu' wa mita 30 kutoka ground level.

Je ni sahihi kusema 'ncha' ya jengo lenye urefu wa mita 30 ipo juu kutoka usawa wa bahari mara mbili kuliko 'ncha' ya jengo la lenye mita 15? Bila shaka, jibu ni hapana. Ncha ya jengo la kwanza ipo mita 288 kutoka usawa wa bahari na ncha ya lile la pili ipo mita 303 kutoka usawa wa bahari. Ni wazi kuwa mita 303 sio mara mbili ya mita 288! Lakini tunajua kuwa urefu wa jengo la pili ni mara mbili ya urefu wa lile la kwanza (kutoka ground level).

 

[Sikonge]

Nilikuwa MPINGO wa kwanza kufika kwenye Ziwa karymsky hapo Kamchatka, Russia. Basi nikawaambia Warussi pale kuwa waweke kibao kuwa mie nimelivumbua hilo Ziwa maana nimekuwa Mweusi wa kwanza kufika eneo hilo.

Ukiwa hapo, upande liliko ziwa, mbele yake ndiyo upo mji wa Kamchatka. Kuna baridi huko wacha mwanawane. Ila nilifaidi sana maana nilikuwa kama kivutio kikubwa kwa wenyeji. Watu wengi walitaka nikawatembelee majumbani kwao. Vibinti navyo vikitaka kufaidi walau mara moja Ngosha wa kweli kabla havijafa. Yaliyotokea na mabinti hao siwezi kuandika maana watoto hawajalala

Kamchatka ni sehemu yenye Volcano nyingi sana. Kama unavyoona hata kwenye picha, mlima wa Volcano wenye jina pia la Karymsky. Airport yao nzuri tu na inatumia kwa ndege za Kijeshi na Kiraia huku wametenanisha maeneo ya kushukia. Mbele ya Aurport kuna mlima mwingine mrefu sana. Huu unatesa kwa barafu kwa kipindi kirefu sana kwa mwaka.
Jaribu siku moja kufuata nyayo zangu ili ukaone kibao cha SIKONGE, Mvumbuzi wa ziwa Karymsky au Academii Nauk au SIKONGE. Noyaga.

Sikonge, wewe umeshawahi kuvumbua nini?

 

[Sikonge]

Naona hukunielewa au mie ndiyo nimeshindwa kuelewa.

Ulichokiandika hapa ndiyo hasa nilikisema tangu mwanzo niliposema kuwa Baridi mara mbili itakuwa ni 0°C.

Nilionya mchezo wa kukimbilia kubadili kwenye Kelvin na kufanya mara mbili, itakuwa sawa na kuangalia urefu wa jengo kutoka usawa wa bahari na kuzidisha mara mbili. Jibu lake litakuwa ni tofauti kabisa na Menchmark ya muda iliyowekwa kwenye paa la moja ya majengo hayo.
Nashukuru pia wewe hilo umeliona kuwa SI KWELI. Mchezo unabaki kutumia Local Point of referene.

Kama Muuliza swali angelitaka kuturahisishia, basi angeliweka yeye kwenye Kelvin na kutupa swali.

Maadamu 0°C haina + wala - na hivyo haina joto au baridi au inavyo vyote, huwezi kusema baridi itakuwa mara mbili.
Labda nikupe swali na wewe ambalo limeanza kunisumbua:
Tuseme kuwa leo joto la Arusha ni +8°C na watu wanalalamika kuwa kuna baridi. Na mtu anasema kuwa kesho baridi itakuwa mara mbili ya hii ya leo. Je kesho yake kutakuwa na joto kiasi gani? Kama joto lingelikuwa kwenye -°C, nafikiri ingelikuwa jibu rahisi ila hapa, natoka nje.
Ni sawa na mtu Mu-Eskimo alalamike kuwa leo kuna joto -4°C ila kesho kutakuwa na joto mara mbili zaidi, je mara mbili zaidi ni ipi?

Ngoja tujaribu kutumia mfano wa urefu wa majengo. Kuna majengo mawili yako kilimani na kilele cha kilima hicho kipo urefu wa mita 273 kutoka usawa wa bahari. POR yetu ni ground level katika kilele cha kilima hicho (assume pale kileleni yalipokaa majengo papo flat) na 'absolute zero' yetu ni usawa wa bahari. Majengo hayo mawili moja lina 'urefu' wa mita 15 kutoka ground level na lingine lina 'urefu' wa mita 30 kutoka ground level.

Je ni sahihi kusema 'ncha' ya jengo lenye urefu wa mita 30 ipo juu kutoka usawa wa bahari mara mbili kuliko 'ncha' ya jengo la lenye mita 15? Bila shaka, jibu ni hapana. Ncha ya jengo la kwanza ipo mita 288 kutoka usawa wa bahari na ncha ya lile la pili ipo mita 303 kutoka usawa wa bahari. Ni wazi kuwa mita 303 sio mara mbili ya mita 288! Lakini tunajua kuwa urefu wa jengo la pili ni mara mbili ya urefu wa lile la kwanza (kutoka ground level).

 

[Gaijin]

Naona hukunielewa au mie ndiyo nimeshindwa kuelewa.

Ulichokiandika hapa ndiyo hasa nilikisema tangu mwanzo niliposema kuwa Baridi mara mbili itakuwa ni 0°C.

Nilionya mchezo wa kukimbilia kubadili kwenye Kelvin na kufanya mara mbili, itakuwa sawa na kuangalia urefu wa jengo kutoka usawa wa bahari na kuzidisha mara mbili. Jibu lake litakuwa ni tofauti kabisa na Menchmark ya muda iliyowekwa kwenye paa la moja ya majengo hayo.
Nashukuru pia wewe hilo umeliona kuwa SI KWELI. Mchezo unabaki kutumia Local Point of referene.

Kama Muuliza swali angelitaka kuturahisishia, basi angeliweka yeye kwenye Kelvin na kutupa swali.

Maadamu 0°C haina + wala - na hivyo haina joto au baridi au inavyo vyote, huwezi kusema baridi itakuwa mara mbili.
Labda nikupe swali na wewe ambalo limeanza kunisumbua:
Tuseme kuwa leo joto la Arusha ni +8°C na watu wanalalamika kuwa kuna baridi. Na mtu anasema kuwa kesho baridi itakuwa mara mbili ya hii ya leo. Je kesho yake kutakuwa na joto kiasi gani? Kama joto lingelikuwa kwenye -°C, nafikiri ingelikuwa jibu rahisi ila hapa, natoka nje.
Ni sawa na mtu Mu-Eskimo alalamike kuwa leo kuna joto -4°C ila kesho kutakuwa na joto mara mbili zaidi, je mara mbili zaidi ni ipi?

Hebu najaribu kukuelewa

Unajaribu kusema kuwa baridi mara mbili ya 0C ni 0C lakini baridi mara mbili ya -4C ni -8C na joto mara mbili ya +15C ni +30C?

Duh!

 

[SMU]

Naona hukunielewa au mie ndiyo nimeshindwa kuelewa.

Labda pengine 'tunachanganya' dhana mbili na kudhani ni kitu kimoja: 1. Heat 2. Temperature?

 

[Nyani Ngabu]

Nilikuwa MPINGO wa kwanza kufika kwenye Ziwa karymsky hapo Kamchatka, Russia. Basi nikawaambia Warussi pale kuwa waweke kibao kuwa mie nimelivumbua hilo Ziwa maana nimekuwa Mweusi wa kwanza kufika eneo hilo.

Ukiwa hapo, upande liliko ziwa, mbele yake ndiyo upo mji wa Kamchatka. Kuna baridi huko wacha mwanawane. Ila nilifaidi sana maana nilikuwa kama kivutio kikubwa kwa wenyeji. Watu wengi walitaka nikawatembelee majumbani kwao. Vibinti navyo vikitaka kufaidi walau mara moja Ngosha wa kweli kabla havijafa. Yaliyotokea na mabinti hao siwezi kuandika maana watoto hawajalala

Kamchatka ni sehemu yenye Volcano nyingi sana. Kama unavyoona hata kwenye picha, mlima wa Volcano wenye jina pia la Karymsky. Airport yao nzuri tu na inatumia kwa ndege za Kijeshi na Kiraia huku wametenanisha maeneo ya kushukia. Mbele ya Aurport kuna mlima mwingine mrefu sana. Huu unatesa kwa barafu kwa kipindi kirefu sana kwa mwaka.
Jaribu siku moja kufuata nyayo zangu ili ukaone kibao cha SIKONGE, Mvumbuzi wa ziwa Karymsky au Academii Nauk au SIKONGE. Noyaga.

Mimi niliishiaga Sheremetyevo tu basi.....

 

[Kiranga]

Peninsula ya Kamchatka nimeisoma sana kwenye atlas darasa la nne, kwenye ule mchezo unachagua sehemu iliyojificha kabisa kwenye atlas halafu unawaambia wenzako waitafute. Niliwapiga watu mabao sana na sehemu kama Kamchatka na Novaya Zemlya.

Glad to know kuna wabongo wame rep huko.

Mimi nataka kufika Lake Baykal huko na kwenda na Trans-Siberian Railway, among a thousand other places.

 

[Gaijin]

Mimi niliishiaga Sheremetyevo tu basi.....

Hujafika Domodedovo! Airport kaa kambi ya jeshi! Imechokaaaa

 

[Kiranga]

Sikonge,

Umesema

Tunapozungumzia Absolute zero, hiyo haina ubishi kuwa ni Kelvin tu inabidi icheze.

Ina maana huwezi ku convert au kupima absolute zero (assuming inaweza kufikiwa) kwa kipimo chochote zaidi ya Kelvin?

Au unaongelea conventions tu, kwamba absolute zero ni 0 K ?

Kwangu mimi temperature yoyote inaweza kupimwa na kipimo chochote makini, na si lazima iwe Kelvin.

 

[Sikonge]

Labda nikupe swali na wewe ambalo limeanza kunisumbua:
Ukisoma nilichouliza juu, basi labda wewe unijibu swali hili>
Sign ya 0 ni + au - ....??? Tukiwa kwenye 0°C, tunasema ni BARIDI au JOTO au kwa maji, tuseme H2o ni Maji au barafu?
Ingelikuwa vizuri ukipinga basi na wewe unakuja na jibu lako. Kubadilisha kutoka kwenye Celicius kwenda Kelvin na kuzidisha mara mbili tumeshasema kuwa SI KWELI. Nilijaribu hata kuifanya kuwa -0.0000001°C x2, ikanipa jibu sawa na 0 hiyo hiyo.

Nakubali kukosolewa ila pia na wewe weka jibu lako na siyo Duhh!!!

Hebu najaribu kukuelewa

Unajaribu kusema kuwa baridi mara mbili ya 0C ni 0C lakini baridi mara mbili ya -4C ni -8C na joto mara mbili ya +15C ni +30C?

Duh!

 

[Sikonge]

Kiranga, hili nilishalisema tangu lini sijui kuwa unaweza kubadilisha na ukaiweka kwenye Unit nyingine. Ila ukitaka kuzidisha Temp na units nyingine, inabidi kubadili kutoka "t" na kuipeleka kwenye "T" ambayo ni Kelvin.

Hii ni sawa na Point Of reference au Benchmark. Unaweza kuhamisha vipimo vyake na kuvipeleka sehemu nyingine. Ni sawa na GMT, siyo lazima utumie time yake peke yake kwa POR. Unaweza kuweka hata saa ya Tanzania, Kamchatka, Chicago, Panama etc. Ila ili usichanganye watu, imewekwa GMT ili hata kama hufahamu walimaanisha kwa saa ya nchi gani, inakuwa rahisi kufahamu. Ukisikia temp. 0 unawaza Zero ni nini? Ila ukisikia Apsolute zero, unajua ni 0Kelvin. Ndiyo maana wanasema SI units.

Sikonge,

Umesema



Ina maana huwezi ku convert au kupima absolute zero (assuming inaweza kufikiwa) kwa kipimo chochote zaidi ya Kelvin?

Au unaongelea conventions tu, kwamba absolute zero ni 0 K ?

Kwangu mimi temperature yoyote inaweza kupimwa na kipimo chochote makini, na si lazima iwe Kelvin.

 

[Sikonge]

Duu, Kiranga

Nikiwa darasa la chini kabisa, kaka zangu walikuwa wakicheza huu mchezo. Ilifika wakati ukisema mji, watu wanakuonyesha hapohapo. Kamchatka ilikuwa ni mmoja wa miji ukisumbua sana kuuona.
Nyingine ilikuwa milima ya ATLAS kwa sababu inaanzia Africa hadi Europe kama sikosei. Tulienda hadi ikafika jamaa akaamua kushinda kwa nguvu na akaamua kuandika kimji chake kwa kalamu. Ila nacho watu walikiona.

Mtu pekee aliyesumbua sana watu na mwanzo alijiona ana akili sana kwa sababu ilipita zaidi ya nusu saa, hakuna mtu aliyeuona mji wake. Yeye alikuwa hana mbavu kwa furaha kuwa ametupata. Mji aliosema unaitwa URI YA A KUSINI. Watu walitoka jasho sana sana. Baadaye jamaa mmoja alianza kucheka na kumrukia huyo jamaa kwa makofi ya kutusumbua. Kumbe nchi yenyewe, maandishi yalikuwa katoka page mbili na yeye akasoma ukurasa mmoja. Jina la nchi alitakuwa kusema JamhURI YA Afrika YA KUSINI.

Kamchatka poa sana. Samaki kwa wingi hasa Solomon. Pia kuna kambi nyingi za jeshi na hasa Submarines. Hiki ni kama ki nchi cha Volcanos. Hata mji ulipo, ni kama Kilimanjaro na Moshi. Pembeni tu kama km 30 kuna mzinga wa mlima na Volcano iko Active. Sema tu inamwaga Magma upande wa pili wa mji.

Nalikumbuka sana jina la Lake Baykal. Sehemu nyingine ni Mto Volga, maandishi yake ni madogo sana. Na hivi vinchi vidogo ndani ya nchi vya Europe kama ilivyo Monaco. Vilisumbua sana sana. Duu, umenikumbusha mbaali sana sana nikiwa na ndugu na jamaa ambao wengine leo hii ni marehemu siku nyingi.

Peninsula ya Kamchatka nimeisoma sana kwenye atlas darasa la nne, kwenye ule mchezo unachagua sehemu iliyojificha kabisa kwenye atlas halafu unawaambia wenzako waitafute. Niliwapiga watu mabao sana na sehemu kama Kamchatka na Novaya Zemlya.

Glad to know kuna wabongo wame rep huko.

Mimi nataka kufika Lake Baykal huko na kwenda na Trans-Siberian Railway, among a thousand other places.

 

[Sikonge]

Naona tunaongelea jambo lile lile kwa kuelewa kwangu.
Labda kama unakubali dhana ya kubadili 0°C kwenda kwenye Kelvin na hapo unazidisha mara mbili. Mie hii njia siiafiki kabisa maana inatoa jibu tofautikabisa kama ulivyotoa mfano wa urefu wa nyumba.

Kwa ufupi ni kuwa, bado jibu langu ni 0°C. Kama kuna wengine wana majibu tofauti na waweke.

Nimeweka jibu na kujaribu kuweka maelezo kwa nini jibu ni 0°C.

Asanteni.

Labda pengine 'tunachanganya' dhana mbili na kudhani ni kitu kimoja: 1. Heat 2. Temperature?

 

[Kiranga]

Kiranga, hili nilishalisema tangu lini sijui kuwa unaweza kubadilisha na ukaiweka kwenye Unit nyingine. Ila ukitaka kuzidisha Temp na units nyingine, inabidi kubadili kutoka "t" na kuipeleka kwenye "T" ambayo ni Kelvin.

Hii ni sawa na Point Of reference au Benchmark. Unaweza kuhamisha vipimo vyake na kuvipeleka sehemu nyingine. Ni sawa na GMT, siyo lazima utumie time yake peke yake kwa POR. Unaweza kuweka hata saa ya Tanzania, Kamchatka, Chicago, Panama etc. Ila ili usichanganye watu, imewekwa GMT ili hata kama hufahamu walimaanisha kwa saa ya nchi gani, inakuwa rahisi kufahamu. Ukisikia temp. 0 unawaza Zero ni nini? Ila ukisikia Apsolute zero, unajua ni 0Kelvin. Ndiyo maana wanasema SI units.

Kumbe ni mambo ya makubaliano ya watu tu, standards tu.

Ulivyosema imesound kama some natural phenomena, kwamba huwezi kuipima mpaka utumie K. Nikashangaa.

 

[Gaijin]

Labda nikupe swali na wewe ambalo limeanza kunisumbua:
Ukisoma nilichouliza juu, basi labda wewe unijibu swali hili>
Sign ya 0 ni + au - ....??? Tukiwa kwenye 0°C, tunasema ni BARIDI au JOTO au kwa maji, tuseme H2o ni Maji au barafu?
Ingelikuwa vizuri ukipinga basi na wewe unakuja na jibu lako. Kubadilisha kutoka kwenye Celicius kwenda Kelvin na kuzidisha mara mbili tumeshasema kuwa SI KWELI. Nilijaribu hata kuifanya kuwa -0.0000001°C x2, ikanipa jibu sawa na 0 hiyo hiyo.

Nakubali kukosolewa ila pia na wewe weka jibu lako na siyo Duhh!!!

Mkuu kumradhi, my bad there was no need for 'Duh' :redfaces:

Mkuu mbona mie nilifikiri tumesema kuwa jawabu ni kutumia changes in energy levels na kwa maana hiyo hata tukitafuta twice as hot as +15C jawabu halitakuwa +30C (hata hapa ukifanya conversion into Farenheit first and change back, you will get a different answer) bali itabidi tuangalie kimisingi ya mabadiliko ya energy na ndio maana tukahusisha absolute zero. (As Kiranga pointed out, only theoretically)

Joto mara mbili haimaanishi kuwa ni mara mbili ya unit kwenye kipimo kinachotumika bali mara mbili ya energy iliyomo kwenye kimiminika kinachopimwa.

Ni wazi kuwa hii change in energy in a fluid na change in unit kwenye vipimo vya Celcius, Farenheit haipo katika ratio moja (1:1) na kwa maana hiyo hatuwezi kufanya simple multiplications tu.