TOKA MAKTABA :
St. George's, Grenada
Maurice Bishop Interview (1983)
View: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZpKldrtlZmg
Source : AfroMarxist
Mapinduzi ya uStalin yalimuua Maurice Bishop, Mapinduzi ya Grenada
Juz. 85/ Nambari 39
Oktoba 25, 2021
Maurice Bishop na Fidel Castro katika mkutano wa maadhimisho Siku ya Mei Mosi 1980 huko Cuba. Castro alisema Mapinduzi ya Grenada yalikuwa "ishara ya kweli ya uhuru na maendeleo katika Karibiani" inayostahili kuungwa mkono.
Ili kuadhimisha Mapinduzi ya Grenada ya 1979-83, ambayo yalipinduliwa na mapinduzi ya uStalin yaliyoongozwa na Bernard Coard mnamo Oktoba 1983, tunaangazia dondoo kutoka kwa " Mauaji ya Pili ya Maurice Bishop " na Steve Clark, kiongozi wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti. Bishop, kiongozi mkuu wa mapinduzi katika kisiwa hiki kidogo cha Karibi, aliuawa katika mapinduzi hayo. Makala hiyo inatoka New International nambari 6, jarida la siasa na nadharia ya Marx. Hakimiliki © 1987 na New International. Imechapishwa tena kwa ruhusa.
Na Steve Clark
Katikati ya Oktoba 1983, kikundi kilichoongozwa na Naibu Waziri Mkuu Bernard Coard katika jeshi la Grenada, serikali, na Harakati ya New Jewel (NJM) kilipindua serikali ya wafanyakazi na wakulima iliyoletwa madarakani na mapinduzi ya Machi 13, 1979.
Waziri Mkuu Maurice Bishop, akiungwa mkono na viongozi wengine wa NJM na idadi kubwa ya wafanyakazi na wakulima wa kisiwa hicho, walipinga mapinduzi haya ya kupinga na kujaribu kuyabadilisha. Mnamo Oktoba 19 watu wa Grenadian walianzisha uasi ili kurejesha serikali yao madarakani. Walifunga maeneo ya kazi, walimiminika katika mitaa ya mji mkuu, St. George's, na kumwachilia Bishop, ambaye alikuwa amewekwa chini ya kifungo cha nyumbani na kundi la Coard. Makadirio ya umati huo ni kati ya 15,000 hadi 30,000 — sawa na kisiwa hicho cha watu 110,000 hadi kumiminika kwa watu milioni 35 hadi 65 nchini Marekani.
Wanajeshi walio waaminifu kwa kundi la Coard walielekeza bunduki zao kwenye maandamano hayo makubwa, na kuwaua washiriki wengi na kuwajeruhi wengine. Waliwaua Maurice Bishop na viongozi wengine watano wa mapinduzi — Fitzroy Bain, Norris Bain, Jacqueline Creft, Vincent Noel, na Unison Whiteman. Watu wanaofanya kazi wa Grenada walipigwa na butwaa na kukata tamaa.
Wiki moja baadaye, mnamo Oktoba 25, vikosi vya Marekani vilivamia kisiwa hicho na kukiteka. Kundi la Coard lilikuwa limekabidhi Grenada huru kwa ubeberu kwa njia ya fedha. Nchi hiyo kwa mara nyingine tena ilikuwa imefungiwa na mtumwa wa serikali kwa Washington.
Wakiwa wamekataliwa sifa duniani kote na uhalifu huu na matokeo yake mabaya, Bernard Coard na wafuasi wake wamejaribu tangu wakati huo kuficha njia zao kwa kufanya mauaji ya pili ya Maurice Bishop. Walengwa wao wa kisiasa ni pamoja na wale wanamapinduzi wote — katika Karibiani, Amerika Kaskazini, na kwingineko — wanaotetea na kutafuta kujifunza kutokana na urithi wa kisiasa wa Bishop.
Mauaji ya kwanza yalifanikiwa kumuangamiza Maurice Bishop mwenyewe. Lakini mafanikio na mfano wa Bishop kama kiongozi wa mapinduzi wa kimataifa ulithibitika kuwa wa kudumu zaidi kuliko Coard alivyofikiria. Ukweli ulipojitokeza kuhusu kile kilichotokea Oktoba 1983 — kupitia juhudi za wanamapinduzi wa Grenadi waliosalia, rais wa Cuba Fidel Castro, na wengine — maelezo ya awali yaliyotolewa na Coard na wafuasi wake yalizidi kukataliwa na wakomunisti, wapiganaji wanaopinga ubeberu, na watu wenye mawazo ya maendeleo kote ulimwenguni. …
Fidel Castro amemtaja Bernard Coard kwa usahihi kama "mwananadharia anayedaiwa wa mapinduzi ambaye alikuwa profesa wa Umaksi huko Jamaika." Coard alitaka kujiimarisha yeye na kundi lake kama "aina ya ukuhani wa mafundisho, mlinzi wa mafundisho, mwananadharia wa mafundisho, mwanafalsafa wa mafundisho," Castro alielezea.
Kundi la Coard "halikufanya kazi na raia; lilifanya kazi miongoni mwa wanachama wa chama ... na pamoja na makada wa jeshi na Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani," Castro alisema. Coard "alikuwa msomi wa siasa, profesa wa sayansi ya siasa; huku Bishop akiwa mtu aliyefanya kazi na raia, alifanya kazi na watu, alifanya kazi na utawala, na alikuwa akifanya kazi kimataifa." Hilo ndilo lililomfanya Maurice Bishop kuwa kiongozi mkuu wa mapinduzi ya Grenada na wa Harakati Mpya ya Vito. ...
Ustalin uliharibu mapinduzi ya Grenada. Bernard Coard alifunzwa katika ukatili wake, ugumu, na "uamuzi" wa urasimu. Kama Wastalin wote, alichanganya uwazi wa kisiasa na uthubutu, ukatibu na amri, unyumbulifu na ulaini, nidhamu na utii, uthabiti na ukali. Kundi alilokuwa akilijenga huko Grenada lilikuwa la kibepari wadogo kweli — kiini cha tabaka la utawala lililofunzwa kutoa amri na kutumia mamlaka, si la kiongozi wa kisiasa wa tabaka la wafanyakazi linalotegemea shirika la mapinduzi, uhamasishaji, na elimu ya kisiasa ya wazalishaji walionyonywa.
Maurice Bishop, si Bernard Coard, alikuwa mwalimu wa kikomunisti wa wafanyakazi wa Grenada. Kupitia hotuba za Bishop, wafanyakazi na wakulima walipata uelewa wa kina wa mapambano ya kitabaka huko Grenada, Karibiani, na duniani kote. Kupitia kufanya kazi ili kuimarisha ushiriki wa watu wa Grenada katika mapinduzi, Bishop alisaidia kukuza uzoefu wao wa mapambano ya kitabaka na siasa. Bernard Coard hakuwa "bingwa mzuri wa mkakati na mbinu za Marx." Alikuwa mzungumzaji wa misemo wa Stalin.
Ingawa uStalinism inabaki kuwa kikwazo kikubwa kwa mapambano ya wafanyakazi na wakulima, kama inavyoonyeshwa na matukio huko Grenada, umiliki wake juu ya harakati ya kimataifa ya wafanyakazi umedhoofishwa bila kubadilika na kusonga mbele kwa mapinduzi ya dunia tangu miaka ya mwisho ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Zaidi ya yote, kona iligeuzwa mwaka wa 1959 kwa ushindi wa mapinduzi ya Cuba chini ya uongozi wa uongozi wa mapinduzi ya kimataifa. Wafanyakazi, wakulima, na vijana wenye nia ya mapinduzi kote Amerika Kusini na sehemu nyingine nyingi za dunia wamevutiwa na kuathiriwa na mfano wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Cuba. …
Kozi ya kisiasa ya Bernard Coard ilitokana na kukataliwa kwa vitendo kwa kile [kiongozi wa mapinduzi wa Urusi VI] Lenin alichokiita "mojawapo ya kanuni za kina zaidi na wakati huo huo rahisi na zinazoeleweka zaidi za UMarxist." ...
"Katika uchambuzi wa mwisho," Lenin alisema, "sababu ya mapinduzi yetu kuacha mapinduzi mengine yote nyuma sana ni kwamba ... yamewaamsha makumi ya mamilioni ya watu, ambao hapo awali hawakuwa na nia ya maendeleo ya serikali, kushiriki kikamilifu katika kazi ya kujenga serikali."
Huo ndio mtazamo wa kikomunisti kwamba Maurice Bishop alikufa akipigania kusonga mbele
Bishop , Prime Minister of Grenada during the revolutionary years 1979 – 1983. |
Grenadians officially commemorated the October 1983 fall of the Revolution for the first time in 30 years, with a week of activities organized by the National Celebrations Committee.
Among the highlights of the week was a wreath laying ceremony at Fort George, on October 19, to remember the death of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and others.
The week began Thursday 17th October with a history quiz in all schools and an exhibition of the Revolutionary period at the National Museum on 18 October.
Also carded for October 19 was a memorial service organized by the Martyrs Foundation, at Fort George. The service also included a candlelight art display organised by artist Suelin Low Chew Tung.
"We tend to celebrate the 25th but there are at least two generations who may not know why we get the holiday in the first place. In the same way we light candles for our dead in November — on All Saints and All Souls nights — this event is a personal initiative — a way to pay respect to the souls lost and many still unaccounted for thirty years ago,” NOW Grenada quoted Chew Tung as saying.
Other activities planned included a wreath laying for the US soldiers who died when the USA armed forces invaded Grenada, and a church service to give thanks to the USA.
The Grenada Revolutionary period started on 13 March 1979 when armed Revolutionaries of the New Jewel Movement, led by Maurice Bishop, took over the administration of the country.
In 1983 there were indications of divisions within the Central Committee of the Peoples Revolutionary Government (PRG). A group led by Berard Coard, Deputy Prime Minister, tried to convince Bishop to accept a power-sharing arrangement.
This appeared not to gel well with Bishop. He was placed under house arrest. And Coard took control of the PRG.
Bishop’s arrest incited large popular demonstrations across Grenada and during the course of one of the demonstrations, the people freed Bishop.
Bishop for whatever reason(s) proceeded to Fort George (then named Fort Rupert after Bishop’s father who had died at the hands of Eric Gariy’s thugs) where fighting broke out between Bishop’s supporters and forces loyal to the Coard fraction.
Bishop and seven others, including persons who had served him as Ministers, were reportedly rounded up and executed.
Maurice Bishop, 1983, revolutionary leader of the New Jewel Movement in Grenada
