Maji ya kusongea Ugali hayaonjwi, lakini wana epidemiologia wameona hivihttp://www.aidsmap.com/Estimated-risk-per-exposure/page/1324038/
Estimated HIV transmission risk per exposure for specific activities and events
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[TR]
[TH]ctivity
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[TH]Risk-per-exposure
[/TH]
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[TD]Vaginal sex, female-to-male, studies in high-income countries
[/TD]
[TD]0.04% (1:2380)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Vaginal sex, male-to-female, studies in high-income countries
[/TD]
[TD]0.08% (1:1234)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Vaginal sex, female-to-male, studies in low-income countries
[/TD]
[TD]0.38% (1:263)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Vaginal sex, male-to-female, studies in low-income countries
[/TD]
[TD]0.30% (1:333)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Vaginal sex, source partner is asymptomatic
[/TD]
[TD]0.07% (1:1428)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Vaginal sex, source partner has late-stage disease
[/TD]
[TD]0.55% (1:180)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Receptive anal sex amongst gay men, partner unknown status
[/TD]
[TD]0.27% (1:370)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Receptive anal sex amongst gay men, partner HIV positive
[/TD]
[TD]0.82% (1:123)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Receptive anal sex with condom, gay men, partner unknown status
[/TD]
[TD]0.18% (1:555)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Insertive anal sex, gay men, partner unknown status
[/TD]
[TD]0.06% (1:1666)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Insertive anal sex with condom, gay men, partner unknown status
[/TD]
[TD]0.04% (1:2500)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Receptive fellatio
[/TD]
[TD]Estimates range from 0.00% to 0.04% (1:2500)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Mother-to-child, mother takes at least two weeks antiretroviral therapy
[/TD]
[TD]0.8% (1:125)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Mother-to-child, mother takes combination therapy, viral load below 50
[/TD]
[TD]0.1% (1:1000)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Injecting drug use
[/TD]
[TD]Estimates range from 0.63% (1:158) to 2.4% (1:41)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]Needlestick injury, no other risk factors
[/TD]
[TD]0.13% (1:769)
[/TD]
[/TR]
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[TD]Blood transfusion with contaminated blood
[/TD]
[TD]92.5% (9:10)
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
Sources: vaginal sex;1 anal sex;2 fellatio;3 2 mother-to-child;4 other activities.5
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[TH][/TH]
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Sources: vaginal sex;1 anal sex;2 fellatio;3 2 mother-to-child;4 other activities.5
References
- Boily MC et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 9(2): 118-129, 2009
- Vittinghoff E et al. Per-contact risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission between male sexual partners. American Journal of Epidemiology 150: 306-311, 1999
- Del Romero J et al. Evaluating the risk of HIV transmission through unprotected orogenital sex. AIDS 16(9): 1296-1297, 2002
- Townsend C et al. Low rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV following effective pregnancy interventions in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 2000-2006. AIDS 22: 973-981, 2008
- Baggaley RF et al. Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion. AIDS 20: 805-812, 2006