Monica Mgeni
Member
- Oct 7, 2021
- 82
- 134
Tanzania yaula OACPS
Tanzania yaula OACPS
- Thread starter Monica Mgeni
- Start date
-
- Tags
- tanzania
Chaliifrancisco
JF-Expert Member
- Jan 17, 2015
- 26,527
- 81,250
Mkakati mwingine wa upigani huu.
Lile dini letu la ruby kule dubei lina hali gani? Biteko ashatoa tamko?
Lile dini letu la ruby kule dubei lina hali gani? Biteko ashatoa tamko?
OACPS
What is the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States?
The Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) is an organisation created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. It is composed of African, Caribbean and Pacific States which are signatories to the Georgetown Agreement or the Partnership Agreement between the OACPS and the European Union, officially called the "ACP-EC Partnership Agreement" or the "Cotonou Agreement".
What is its purpose?
The main goals of the OACPS are:
- sustainable development of its Member-States and their gradual integration into the global economy, which entails making poverty reduction a matter of priority and establishing a new, fairer, and more equitable world order;
- coordination of the activities of the OACPS in the framework of the implementation of ACP-EC Partnership Agreements;
- consolidation of unity and solidarity among ACP States, as well as understanding among their peoples;
- establishment and consolidation of peace and stability in a free and democratic society.
Who are its members?
The OACPS consists of 79 Member-States, all of them, save Cuba, signatories to the Cotonou Agreement which binds them to the European Union: 48 countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, 16 from the Caribbean and 15 from the Pacific.
List of ACP Countries
Angola - Antigua and Barbuda - Belize - Cape Verde - Comoros - Bahamas - Barbados - Benin - Botswana - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cameroon - Central African Republic - Chad - Congo (Brazzaville) - Congo (Kinshasa) - Cook Islands - Côte d'Ivoire - Cuba - Djibouti - Dominica - Dominican Republic - Eritrea - Eswatini - Ethiopia - Fiji - Gabon - Gambia - Ghana - Grenada - Republic of Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - Equatorial Guinea - Guyana - Haiti - Jamaica - Kenya - Kiribati - Lesotho - Liberia - Madagascar - Malawi - Mali - Marshall Islands - Mauritania - Mauritius - Micronesia - Mozambique - Namibia - Nauru - Niger - Nigeria - Niue - Palau - Papua New Guinea - Rwanda - St. Kitts and Nevis - St. Lucia - St. Vincent and the Grenadines - Solomon Islands - Samoa - São Tomé and Príncipe - Senegal - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Somalia - South Africa - Sudan - Suriname - Tanzania - Timor Leste - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - Tuvalu - Uganda - Vanuatu - Zambia - Zimbabwe
Overview
The OACPS was originally created with the aim of coordinating cooperation between its members and the European Union. Its main objective was to negotiate and implement, together, cooperation agreements with the European Community.
Over the years, the OACPS extended its range of activities. Since then, cooperation among its members has gone beyond development cooperation with the European Union and covers a variety of fields spanning trade, economics, politics and culture, in diverse international fora such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
Beginning of ACP-EU cooperation
Cooperation between the European Union and the OACPS began in 1975 with the First Lome Convention but the origin of this type of partnership dates back to the birth of Europe itself as an organised regional entity. In fact, as soon as the Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, it created an avenue for cooperation with the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) of the six signatory countries: Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and Holland, i.e. essentially West and Central African countries with ties to France.
Regime of Association and the Yaoundé Conventions
A "Regime of Association" was devised in 1957 and endowed with resources from the first European Development Fund (EDF). In 1963 and 1969 18 African States and their six European counterparts signed the First and Second Yaoundé Conventions, supported by resources from the 2nd and 3rd EDF respectively. The agreements were geared mainly towards financial, technical and trade cooperation, primarily in the sectors of economic and social infrastructure.
The United Kingdom´s accession to the European Community in 1973 paved the way for the extension of the Europe-Africa cooperation to the Commonwealth countries, whether African, Caribbean, or Pacific. Later on, Spain´s accession would also have an impact on the membership of the ACP Group.
The Georgetown Agreement, the Group´s fundamental charter, which was signed in 1975 at the time the First Lome Convention came into force, laid down the rules for cooperation between the countries of three continents, the main link being shared aid from the European Community.
The Lome Conventions
With the signature of the first Lome Convention in 1975, the number of signatory countries rose to 46 on the ACP side and 9 on the European side. Lome II was signed by 58 ACP States in 1980 and Lome III by 65 ACP countries and 10 European States in 1985.
These three Conventions, each spanning a five-year period, were accompanied by the 4th, 5th and 6th EDFs. These were implemented until 1990, year in which Lome IV was signed, during the negotiation of which events occurred that would rock Central and Eastern Europe as symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall.
ACP-EU cooperation has been able to keep the lid on non-politicization. The most notable achievement of ACP-EU cooperation is that it introduced a new type of relationship between rich and poor countries based on solidarity and partnership, an independent involvement in political arrangements which can boost bilateral relations.
The Lome conventions granted non-reciprocal trade preferences to Members of the OACPS. They included many more innovations than the Yaoundé Conventions. For example, agricultural sectoral programmes first appeared in the Lome Conventions. In addition, a compensatory mechanism was created under Stabex to offset losses in export earnings due to price fluctuations.
From Lome I to Lome IV
Improvements were added from one convention to the next without causing any major disruptions. Lome II saw the appearance of Sysmin, a mechanism similar to Stabex, but for mining products. The negotiation of that convention, signed in 1984, in the middle of a decade characterised by a quest for viability and efficiency, was marked by the calling into question of the effectiveness of aid. Emphasis was placed on food self-sufficiency for ACP countries.
The expression "political dialogue", or policy dialogue, made its appearance in Lome III, but political dialogue would only really be introduced in Lome IV. Negotiated during the turmoil of 1989, that Convention enshrined respect for Human Rights as a fundamental clause.
In the meantime, the structural adjustment established by the Bretton Woods Institutions had been supported by Europe and was therefore taken on board in Lome IV. The major innovation of that Agreement still remains its duration. Signed for a 10-year period, it included two 5-year Financial Protocols and the 7th and 8th EDFs. Lome IV was signed by 68 ACP countries and 12 EU Member-States.
The negotiation of the second financial protocol led to more changes than had been anticipated. The European public displayed a certain lack of interest in cooperation at the end of the Cold War. The clause on respect for Human Rights and democratic principles was by then an essential aspect of cooperation, and measures for the suspension of aid made their appearance.
Review of Lome IV
Lome IV bis, which was signed in 1995, saw the number of signatory countries move to 70 for the ACP and 15 on the EU side, and distinguished itself by the importance accorded to decentralised cooperation and the role of civil society.
Twenty years of Europe-ACP cooperation and the consolidation of solidarity among ACP countries had forged a cohesive bond which made the breaking up of the ACP bloc or any weakening of the ACP entity quite unthinkable.
The Cotonou Agreement
Negotiation of the Cotonou Agreement was fraught with obstacles and took place in the midst of a period of global orthodoxy. The benefits and opportunities of the liberal economic system are undeniable but the constraints and lack of insight inherent in some economic policies imposed in different places have been counter-productive and resulted in the failure of the World Trade Organisation´s Ministerial Conference in Seattle, which enabled all involved to become more aware and to include a social agenda in economic adjustments.
It was in the wake of this transformation that the Cotonou Agreement was signed by 77 ACP countries on 13 June 2000. Cuba, candidate to the Agreement was, unfortunately, unable to sign it. Nonetheless, the ACP Group decided to include Cuba, in the hope that the problems which prevented its accession to the ACP-EU partnership would be resolved in the near future.
The last country to become a member of the ACP Group was Timor Leste. It was affiliated with the Pacific region and became an ACP Member-State in 2003, shortly after its independence.
The Cotonou Agreement, by its very existence, represented a significant success for the then, ACP Group. It was forged from the Group´s determination to maintain its solidarity - a solidarity which certainly convinced the European partners of the OACPS. In addition, the Agreement, despite not meeting all the OACPS' demands, took on board their fundamental concerns.
First of all by its duration - twenty years- sufficient time to enable Members of the OACPS to get onto the road to development and, especially, to become smoothly integrated into the global market. Indeed, the Agreement envisaged the removal of non-reciprocal trade preferences granted OACPS countries, but only after a long transition period. In fact, Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) would be negotiated between the European Union and Members of the OACPS between September 2002 and the end of 2007, following which they would come into force.
Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA)
The ACP-EU Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) were supposed to be special trade agreements which, like the Cotonou Agreement that spawned them, aimed mainly to ensure the development of members of the OACPS and their gradual integration into the global economy. They were to be compatible with the rules of the World Trade Organisation. In addition to the gradual nature of any trade liberalisation among OACPS countries, the EPAs had to fulfill a second criterion, i.e. asymmetry, which meant that they had to take account of the difference in the levels of social and economic development between the European Union and OACPS countries. At the same time, the European Union would assist Members of the OACPS and businesses to implement the necessary structural and macro-economic reforms, by building their capacities so as to enable them to better cope with the challenges of competition and globalization.
This transitional phase of ACP-EU trade cooperation from 2000-2007 required the approval of the WTO, which was hard-won. In November 2001, the determination of the Members of the OACPS, bolstered by the unstinting support of the European Union at the 4th WTO Ministerial Conference, enabled them to claim a decisive victory, perhaps for their future: they obtained a WTO waiver for the trade chapter of the Cotonou Agreement.
On that occasion, the OACPS stood out as one of the emerging Groups from the developing world. It was firm but realistic, opting resolutely for free trade while remaining determined to protect its vital interests.
Innovations of the Cotonou Agreement
Apart from its relatively long duration (20 years instead of 5 years as for Lome I, II and III, and 10 for Lome IV), the main innovations of the Cotonou Agreement derive from the fact that it incorporates civil society and the private sector as new actors on the political level. They will, therefore, no longer be mere beneficiaries of cooperation, but feature among the managers, insofar as permitted by the prerogatives of governments, which are solely responsible for determining the main development policies for their countries.
The major options within the Cotonou Agreement were not imposed on the OACPS but constituted a deliberate choice and were part of the ongoing development of the OACPS' member-countries, be it the choice of economic liberalisation or a stronger affirmation of political dialogue. This involved the democratisation of Members of the OACPS and the involvement of new actors in the implementation of cooperation.
Almost all OACPS Members had already undergone a political renewal prior to the signing of the Cotonou Agreement, and although some countries were still experiencing problems like civil war, they are increasingly few in number. The rise in democracy was seen particularly in the progressive development of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly, organ of cooperation between the European Parliament and parliaments of OACPS countries, into a true Joint Parliamentary Assembly of democratically-elected parliamentarians, in keeping with the spirit and letter of the Cotonou Agreement.
Government - civil society Partnership
The serious economic crisis at the end of the 80s and 90s which saw the civil society in Members of the OACPS playing an increasingly active role in the fight against poverty, gave rise, inter alia, to dialogue between social actors and governments. Governments felt the need to harness the dynamism of all sectors of the society primarily with a view to reducing and ultimately eradicating poverty. As a result, as soon as the Cotonou Agreement was signed, the then, ACP Group took steps to encourage the organisation and strengthening of civil society and the OACPS private sector. An ACP Civil Society Forum and a Private Sector Forum were established. These sectors now serve as mechanisms for implementing cooperation.
Twenty-five years of cooperation have demonstrated that, albeit enabling developing countries to survive, aid cannot create development. Trade, by contrast, is a determining factor of development. The Cotonou Agreement promotes the strengthening of real economic partnership through new trade agreements, among other things. The OACPS has been making tremendous efforts to attract foreign investment and has been trying, therefore, to establish a favourable legal, economic and political environment to achieve that objective.
ACP Summits
Changes on the world scene at the end of the 80s, which saw the end of ideological bipolarisation, the economic problems of that era, and other factors prompted ACP Heads of State and Government to meet, for the first time, in Libreville, Gabon, in November 1997. At that 1st Summit, they laid down the guidelines for strengthening the Group by assigning more specific roles to the ACP organs and deciding to reform the General Secretariat by transforming it from a mere organ of support to the political bodies into an executive institution. The Group also decided to extend consultations among its member-countries to various fora such as the United Nations Organisation.
The 2nd ACP Summit, held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, in November 1999, gave even more precise directives for intra-ACP cooperation and broadening the scope of the Group which, while maintaining its privileged partnership with the European Union, needed to develop a dialogue with other blocs and make its voice heard in the new economic and geopolitical context. The affirmation of the ACP Group´s presence at the Ministerial Conferences of the World Trade Organisation, for example, (Doha, November 2001, and Cancun, September 2003) is the logical consequence of the Summit directives and their subsequent implementation.
The 3rd Summit of ACP Heads of State and Government held in Nadi, Fidji, in July 2002, established guidelines in view of the negotiation of future ACP-EU Economic Partnership Agreements, with a view to positioning the ACP Group in the current economic and geopolitical context.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the OACPS, as defined by the Georgetown Agreement, are to :
- Promote a new, fairer and more equitable world order;
- Promote and strengthen solidarity among Members of the OACPS, and understanding between peoples and governments of the OACPS;
- Contribute to the development of important and close economic, social and cultural relations among developing countries and develop cooperation among Members of the OACPS in the areas of Trade, Science and Technology, Industry, Transport, Education, Training and Research, Information and Communication, the Environment, Demography and Human Resources;
- Contribute to the promotion of regional, inter-regional, and effective intra-ACP cooperation among Members of the OACPS, generally among developing countries, and strengthen the regional organisations of which they are members;
- Define common positions of Members of the OACPS vis-à-vis the EEC in areas covered by the Lome Convention and on relevant issues debated in international fora, which may influence the implementation of the Lome Convention;
- Ensure achievement of the objectives of the Lome Convention; and
- Coordinate the activities of ACP States in the framework of the application of the Lome Convention.
Source : http://www.acp.int/node/7
UmkhontoweSizwe
Platinum Member
- Dec 19, 2008
- 10,046
- 9,341
Umoja wa ulaya wanataka kutuingiza kwenye mipango ya kutupiga madini yetu tena? Tulirekebisha ile mikataba ya kijinga iliyosainiwa wakati wa yule fisadi sasa tunavuna pesa ndefu, wanataka nini tena?
KalamuTena
JF-Expert Member
- Jul 7, 2018
- 13,181
- 17,174
Hii nayo ni Kampeni? Hivi tutafika kweli?
Tanzania takes over the presidency of the Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors of the OACPS
The United Republic of Tanzania will be the first country to assume the leadership of the Bureau since the coming-into-force of the Georgetown Agreement and the subsequent change of name to the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States.
The new Chair took the post as the same time as the Secretariat moved to its temporary location at Rue de l’Aqueduc 118, in order to begin renovations to OACPS House and against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has ushered in its own set of challenges and changes. Key items of Tanzania’s presidency, will be the finalisation of the negotiations for the post-Cotonou Agreement and the restructuring of the Secretariat of the OACPS. During the first meeting of the Bureau on 8 September 2020, the new Chair thanked the members of the outgoing Bureau and his predecessor, Amb. Jaiteh and identified the priorities of his presidency [link to article on the new chair which has these outlined].
Current Bureau
For the current term, the Bureau comprises: The Ambassador of Djibouti, H.E Mr. Omar Abdi Said (East Africa); Ambassador of Liberia, H.E. Mr. Isaac W. Nyanabo II (West Africa); Ambassador of the Republic of Congo, H.E. Mr. Léon Raphaël Mokoko (Central Africa); Ambassador of Zambia, H.E. Professor Esther Munalula Nkandu (Southern Africa); Ambassador of Suriname, H.E. Ms. Sieglien Burleson (Caribbean) and the Ambassador of Fiji, H.E. Mr. Deo Saran (Pacific).
The Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors, which coordinates the work of the full committee, comprises one representative for each of the six regions of the OACPS, as well as a Troika comprised of the current, outgoing and incoming Chairs. The current Troika includes the Ambassadors of The United Republic of Tanzania, The Gambia and Samoa, from the Pacific region, which will be next to hold the presidency.
The Committee of Ambassadors is an important decision-making body of the OACPS, comprising one representative from each of its 79 member countries. It meets at least one a month in Brussels to monitor the implementation of the ACP-EU Partnership Agreement, and carry out any mandate tasked to it by the Council of Ministers of the OACPS. Much of its work is carried out through six technical sub-committees (on Political, Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Affairs; Trade and Commodities; Investment and the Private Sector; Sustainable Development; Financing and Development; and Establishment and Finance), as well through ad-hoc working groups and task forces.
Summary Biography of the Chair of the Bureau of the OACPS Committee of Ambassadors, H.E. Jestas Abuok Nyamanga
Source: Tanzania takes over the presidency of the Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors of the OACPS | ACP
Nakazia hapa.
KalamuTena
JF-Expert Member
- Jul 7, 2018
- 13,181
- 17,174
Cooperation between the "Haves- and the Have-nots"!
Faana
JF-Expert Member
- Dec 12, 2011
- 42,436
- 50,163
Haitanufaika Tanzania, watanufaika wajanja wachache wasiozidi 10 huo ndiyo ukweli
Kichuguu
Platinum Member
- Oct 11, 2006
- 17,790
- 24,386
Wenzio wanachangamkia fursa kwa urefu wa kamba zao.
Tanzania tumekuwa mambumbumbu wa kutupwa kabisa, eti tunashangilia kupata msaada kuendeleza sekta ya wa madini wakati tuna madini. Serikali haichimbi madini, ila wachimabji madini ndio wanaopatiwa leseni na serikali, halafu wanalipa mrahaba na kodi serikalini. Tunataka msaada gani tena, je msaada huo utatuongezea kodi na mirahaba ya madini?
Kabisa mkuu. Wafuasi wa mwendazake wakiona awamu ya 6 inakubali kuwa uhuru na demokrasia ndiyo msingi wa amani ya kweli wanakuwa hawamuelewi kabisa kiongozi wao wa CCM hii iliyorudi kwa wenyewe.
Mlimamrefu
Member
- Aug 1, 2021
- 27
- 96
Balozi wetu Brussels anaonekana ni mzuri sana. Fursa kibao anazitafuta.Tanzania takes over the presidency of the Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors of the OACPS
Brussels 08 September 2020/OACPS: H.E. Mr. Jestas Abuok Nyamanga, Ambassador of the United Republic of Tanzania, will lead the Committee of Brussels-based Ambassadors of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS) for the six-month period of 1 August 2020 – 31 January 2021. Nominated as the representative of the East African region, Ambassador Nyamanga takes over from outgoing chair, H.E. Mrs. Teneng Mba Jaiteh, Ambassador of the Republic of The Gambia. H.E. Prof. Palamagamba John Aidan Mwaluko Kabudi, Minister for Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation of Tanzania, will also concurrently assume the Presidency of the Council of Ministers of the OACPS.
The United Republic of Tanzania will be the first country to assume the leadership of the Bureau since the coming-into-force of the Georgetown Agreement and the subsequent change of name to the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States.
The new Chair took the post as the same time as the Secretariat moved to its temporary location at Rue de l’Aqueduc 118, in order to begin renovations to OACPS House and against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has ushered in its own set of challenges and changes. Key items of Tanzania’s presidency, will be the finalisation of the negotiations for the post-Cotonou Agreement and the restructuring of the Secretariat of the OACPS. During the first meeting of the Bureau on 8 September 2020, the new Chair thanked the members of the outgoing Bureau and his predecessor, Amb. Jaiteh and identified the priorities of his presidency [link to article on the new chair which has these outlined].
Current Bureau
For the current term, the Bureau comprises: The Ambassador of Djibouti, H.E Mr. Omar Abdi Said (East Africa); Ambassador of Liberia, H.E. Mr. Isaac W. Nyanabo II (West Africa); Ambassador of the Republic of Congo, H.E. Mr. Léon Raphaël Mokoko (Central Africa); Ambassador of Zambia, H.E. Professor Esther Munalula Nkandu (Southern Africa); Ambassador of Suriname, H.E. Ms. Sieglien Burleson (Caribbean) and the Ambassador of Fiji, H.E. Mr. Deo Saran (Pacific).
The Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors, which coordinates the work of the full committee, comprises one representative for each of the six regions of the OACPS, as well as a Troika comprised of the current, outgoing and incoming Chairs. The current Troika includes the Ambassadors of The United Republic of Tanzania, The Gambia and Samoa, from the Pacific region, which will be next to hold the presidency.
The Committee of Ambassadors is an important decision-making body of the OACPS, comprising one representative from each of its 79 member countries. It meets at least one a month in Brussels to monitor the implementation of the ACP-EU Partnership Agreement, and carry out any mandate tasked to it by the Council of Ministers of the OACPS. Much of its work is carried out through six technical sub-committees (on Political, Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Affairs; Trade and Commodities; Investment and the Private Sector; Sustainable Development; Financing and Development; and Establishment and Finance), as well through ad-hoc working groups and task forces.
Summary Biography of the Chair of the Bureau of the OACPS Committee of Ambassadors, H.E. Jestas Abuok Nyamanga
Source: Tanzania takes over the presidency of the Bureau of the Committee of Ambassadors of the OACPS | ACP
Wanaumia sana. Pasaka kwao imekuwa chungu mno.
Pulchra Animo
Platinum Member
- Jun 16, 2016
- 6,773
- 10,330
Time will tell, lakini inavyoonekana safari hii masikini CHADEMA hata wakila kibano hawatakuwa na mahali pakupeleka kilio chao. Amini usiamini, mazingira hatarishi yanazidi kujengeka!
UmkhontoweSizwe
Platinum Member
- Dec 19, 2008
- 10,046
- 9,341
Hahaaa, mbona watu tumeshangilia kufufukwa kwa Yesu Kristo bila shida kabisa; makanisani tumeenda, na pilau tumepika tukala na kushiba. Mnaoumia ni ninyi mnaoona Mwendazake bado ana ujiko zaidi (japo hayupo nasi) kuliko huyu tuliyenaye.
Pascal Mayalla
Platinum Member
- Sep 22, 2008
- 57,105
- 128,730
Huyu Mama ni mpango wa Mungu kwa Tanzania.
P
Pumba
Bro nawewe ushaanza kuzeeka
Similar Discussions
-
Mbunge Wanu Ameir Awasilisha Taarifa ya OACP/EU Kwenye Kamati ya Bunge la Tanzania- Started by Stephano Mgendanyi
- Replies: 3
-
Waziri Ulega: Mkutano wa OACPS utasaidia kuweka mikakati madhubuti ya kuinua Sekta ya Uvuvi Nchini- Started by Roving Journalist
- Replies: 0
-
Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the elections in Tanzania
- Started by Makumbele
- Replies: 2
-
-
Mwana FA amwakilisha Waziri Abdallah Ulega Kongamano la Utamaduni wa Kiislam mkoani Lindi- Started by Waufukweni
- Replies: 0