Usipende Sana Kusoma Tu Vichwa Vya Habari Kukariri Speculations Ndugu! Jaribu Kutafuta Findings Wewe Mwenyewe. Kwanza Nimekuuliza Unaelewa Nini Kuhusu Missile Hujanijibu! Sawa Tuachane Na Hilo.
Kabla Hujaanza Kukariri Tu Taarifa Za Vyombo Vya Habari Jaribu Kwa Makini Kwanza Kufanya Utafiti Kama Unapenda Kuyajua Mambo. Jaribu Kufahamu Ni Jinsi Gani Hii Mifumo Inafanya Kazi Hasa Hii Mifumo Ya Ballistic. Hapo Mwisho Umeuliza Kwamba Satan 2 Ni Delivery System Au Missile, Haya Ngoja Nikupe Elimu Kidogo Kuhusiana Na Hilo;
Kwanza Nikupe Tu Japo Maana Ya Ballistic Missile Pamoja Na Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Ambalo Ilo
Satan 2 Ni Moja Wapo;
Tuanzie Ballisti Missile Ya Kawaida;
Ballistic Missile:
A
ballistic missile follows a ballistic trajectory to
deliver one or more
warheads on a predetermined target. These weapons are only guided during relatively brief periods of flight—most of their trajectory is unpowered, being governed by gravity and air resistance if in the atmosphere.
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Wikipedia :: Ballistic missile
Ballistic missile, a
rocket-propelled self-guided strategic-weapons system that follows a ballistic trajectory to
deliver a
payload from its launch site to a predetermined target. Ballistic missiles can carry conventional high explosives as well as
chemical,
biological, or
nuclear munitions. They can be launched from aircraft, ships, and submarines in addition to land-based silos and mobile platforms.
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Britannica :: Ballistic missile
Tuje Kwenye
ICBM;
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile:
An
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided ballistic missile with a minimum range of 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi) primarily designed for nuclear weapons
delivery (
delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads). Similarly,
conventional,
chemical, and
biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target.
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Wikipedia :: Intercontinental ballistic missile
An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a guided missile that is designed to
deliver nuclear warheads, although they could also deliver other payloads.
According to the Federation of American Scientists, ICBMs have a minimum range of 5,500 kilometers (3,400 miles), with maximum ranges varying from 7,000 to 16,000 kilometers.
Russia, the United States, China, and India have, until now, been the only countries currently known to possess land-based ICBMs. Israel has also tested ICBMs, although it has been secretive about actual deployment. The US, Russia, United Kingdom, France, India and China are also current operators of ICBMs that can be launched from submarines.
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DW :: What is an intercontinental ballistic missile?
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Baada Ya Kukupa Angalau Introduction Kuhusu Hizo ICBM Na Ballistic Missiles Kwa Ujumla, Sasa Twende In Details Zaidi;
Delivery systems for nuclear weapons:
*ICBM
The intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of more than 6,400 kilometers. It is a ground-launched missile, carries a hydrogen-bomb warhead over a typical range of around 10,000 kilometers. Together with the SLBM (to be explained next) and strategic bombers, it is one of the "three pillars" of strategic nuclear weapons.
*SLBM
The development of the submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) has proceeded in conjunction with the development of nuclear-powered submarines. The ICBM is based in the possessor's own territory. Even ICBMs deployed in underground bases can be detected by other countries using reconnaissance satellites. As a countermeasure, SLBMs were built to be launched from nuclear submarines in constant movement around the oceans. Submarines are difficult to detect and able to enter areas near the enemy's territory. SLBMs are an important strategic nuclear weapon because they can escape a nuclear attack by the enemy and launch a counterattack.
*Nuclear submarines are classified into the attack-type SSN(nuclear submarines deployed with nuclear torpedoes targeting the enemy's warships and the enemy's nuclear submarines) and the strategic SSBN (loaded with SLBMs that target facilities thousands of kilometers away on the enemy's territory).
*Strategic bomber
Long-distance bombers played a greater role in the
delivery of strategic weapons prior to the advent of missile systems such as ICBMs. Toward the end of World War II, B-29s (American strategic bombers) dispatched from Guam and Saipan ravaged major cities all over Japan, and B-29s carried atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The maximum payload at that time was five tons.
The most advanced bomber developed by the US to date is the B-2. With a maximum speed of Mach 0.9 and a payload of 22 tons, it has a "stealth" structure that resists radar detection.
America's Strategic B-2 Bomber (Courtesy : NHK)
*MIRV
The Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) carries three to ten nuclear warheads on a single missile (ICBM or SLBM), each of which can be set to attack different previously determined targets. Carrying multiple nuclear warheads (re-entry devices) and guiding devices, it launches a "bus" loaded with several small rockets. First, the three-stage booster rocket launches a bus toward the first target. The bus uses small rockets to direct individual warheads to the second, third, and subsequent targets. Like a bus letting off passengers at successive bus stops, warheads are launched one after another.
*IRBM/MRBM/SRBM
Missiles are classified by range as follows:
- Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM): range - 2,400-6,400 kilometers
- Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM): range - 800-2,400 kilometers
- Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM): range - up to 800 kilometers
*Cruise missile
While the ICBM and SLBM have
rocket engines, the Cruise Missile has a jet engine. It is actually an unmanned aircraft that flies at a subsonic speed using an automatic guidance system. Before Okinawa reverted to Japan, the US military had a mid-range guided nuclear missile called Mes B. In recent years, the range of cruise missiles has leaped to almost 5,000 kilometers, making it a strategic weapon.
Cruise missiles include sea-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM), and ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM). Sea-launched missiles are launched from the torpedo tubes on submarines or warships. Air-launched missiles are deployed on strategic bombers where they can be launched from outside the range of enemy radar.
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Delivery systems for Nuclear Weapons
Strategic Weapons System And Delivery Systems:
Strategic weapons system, any weapons system designed to strike an enemy at the source of his military, economic, or political power. In practice, this means destroying a nation’s cities, factories, military bases, transportation and communications infrastructure, and seat of government. Strategic weapons systems use atomic or thermonuclear devices, because only these weapons have sufficient explosive power to destroy, with relative ease and quickness, the entire war-making capability of a large nation.
The term strategic weapons system refers not merely to the explosive devices themselves but rather to the complex delivery systems that enable these warheads to reach their targets. Indeed, the distinguishing feature of a strategic weapons system is its ability to deliver thermonuclear warheads accurately from one continent to another.
(Note The Underlined Statement)
Strategic weapons systems can consist of any of the following
delivery systems:
intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), that is, missiles having a range exceeding 3,500 miles (5,630 km); some intermediate-range ballistic missiles (IRBMs), that is, missiles having a range between 600 and 3,500 miles (965 and 5,630 km); submarine-launched ballistic missiles, which are in effect IRBMs or ICBMs launched from submarines; and cruise missiles, which are shorter-range missiles that can be launched from aircraft, ships, or submarines and can thereby reach strategic distances. All these
delivery systems carry thermonuclear warheads. Another important strategic weapons system is that of long-range heavy bombers, or strategic bombers, which can fly intercontinental distances and drop free-fall bombs or launch cruise missiles, both thermonuclear-armed.
The considerations involved in managing the storage, maintenance, and accurate delivery of these weapons are numerous. The missile itself requires maintenance and security of its
propulsion system and
propellant; its
internal guidance system; its
on-board computer,
if any; and its
payload, the
reentry vehicle (RV) or
warhead. If it carries a cluster of multiple independently targeted RVs (MIRVs), then the risk is multiplied. In addition, the silo in which each missile is mounted—or the submarine or airplane, and, if the latter, its base—and its readiness to function when needed are concerns, as are the up-to-dateness of the target that each RV is programmed to hit, the launch-control procedure, and the intricate communications web that holds the system together.
Five countries—the United States, Russia (heir to the Soviet Union), China, the United Kingdom, and France—operated such systems in the late 20th century, but only the first two maintained missile arsenals large enough to require strategic weapons systems of extreme complexity.
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Strategic weapons system
SS-X-30 Satan 2 : How it works!
Intercontinental ballistic missiles are similar to
rockets that shoot satellites and people into orbit, but ICBMs carry
warheads and hit targets on Earth.
Putin announced an "unstoppable" nuclear-powered "global cruise missile" that has "practically unlimited" range, then showed an animation of the device bobbing and weaving around the globe. He also played a computer animation of a high-speed, nuke-armed submarine drone blowing up ships and coastal targets.
David Wright, a physicist and missile expert at the Union of Concerned Scientists, told Business Insider that the idea of an "unstoppable" cruise missile going around the world without being detected is "fiction," since it'd heat up to an extreme degree. (
CNN also reported that all tests of the cruise missile ended in crashes.)
But he said that at least one device Putin showed off likely does exist.
"We know they're developing some new systems with a longer range and a larger payload," Wright said.
The known weapon is called the RS-28 Sarmat, though NATO refers to it as the SS-X-30 Satan 2. Russia has been developing it since at least 2009.
Putin showed a video of the Satan 2 during his speech. In it, footage shows an intercontinental ballistic missile launching out of a silo, followed by an animation of it rocketing toward space. The video-game-like graphic follows the ICBM as it sails over a faux Earth in a high arc and opens its nosecone to reveal five nuclear warheads.
Russia's liquid-fueled RS-28 Sarmat, or the "Satan 2." (ICBM)
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How Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Work (Infographic)
How do intercontinental ballistic missiles work?
The answer depends on the type of intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), but most of these rockets launch from a device on the ground, travel into outer space and finally re-enter Earth's atmosphere, plummeting rapidly until they hit their target.
As of now, no country has fired an ICBM as an act of war against another country, although some countries have tested these missiles in practice exercises, said Philip Coyle, a senior science adviser with The Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, a nonprofit headquartered in Washington, D.C. But even though North Korea's tests are also exercises, the provocative nature of these tests has many world leaders on edge, according to news reports. [Doom and Gloom: Top 10 Post-Apocalyptic Worlds]
An ICBM, as its name implies, can travel from one continent to another. Once launched, ICBMs travel in a parabola, much like a baseball flying through the air. Just like a baseball, an ICBM can be released at any angle. But in North Korea's case, the ICBMs are being launched "almost straight up," Coyle told Live Science. "They fly straight up against the force of gravity and come down some distance from North Korea … If they're long-range, [the North Koreans] usually drop them on the other side of Japan, which, of course, makes Japan very nervous."
It's important to note that North Korea wouldn't aim its ICBMs straight up if it wanted to launch an actual attack. "They'd launch toward their target, which might be thousands of miles away," Coyle said. That means that even though the Hwasong-15, the latest ICBM, traveled about 620 miles (1,000 kilometers) from its launch site, it could travel much farther — likely more than 8,100 miles (13,000 km) from its launch site if it had a standard trajectory, according to a Nov. 28 blog written by missile expert David Wright.
However, it's challenging to know how far a battle-ready North Korean ICBM would fly, as its "practice" ICBM likely had a light payload or none at all. Such a payload — like a nuclear warhead — would weigh down the ICBM and limit the distance it could travel, Coyle said.
Three phases
At takeoff, the ICBM enters the boost phase. During this phase, the rockets send the ICBM into the air, pushing it upward for about 2 to 5 minutes, until it reaches space, Coyle said. ICBMs can have up to three rocket stages. Each one is discarded (or ejected) after it burns out. In other words, after the first stage stops burning, rocket No. 2 takes over, and so on.
Moreover, these rockets can have liquid or solid propellant. Liquid propellants "generally burn longer in the boost phase than solid-propellant rockets [do]," Coyle said. In contrast, solid propellants "provide their energy in a shorter amount of time and burn faster."
Liquid and solid propellants can send rockets equally far, "but most countries start out with liquid propellant technology because it's well understood," Coyle said. "[As] they graduate, they move to solid propellant to get the faster burn times. It also avoids the hazards of dealing with dangerous liquids that are both flammable and toxic."
In the second phase, the ICBM enters space as it continues on its ballistic trajectory. "It's flying through space very fast, maybe 15,000 mph or 17,000 mph [24,140 or 27,360 km/h]," Coyle said. "It's taking advantage of the fact that there's no air resistance out there."
Some ICBMs have technology that allows them to take a star shot — that is, they can use the location of the stars to help them better orient toward their target, Coyle said.
In the third phase, the ICBM re-enters the atmosphere and hits its target within minutes. If the ICBM has rocket thrusters, it might use them to better orient itself toward its target, Coyle said. However, because of the intense heat encountered when they re-enter the atmosphere, ICBMs can burn up and fall apart unless they have proper heat shields, Coyle noted.
Further Reading;
The third and final phase sees the ICBM final separation and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. The nose cone section carrying the warhead separates from the final rocket booster, orientates itself, if needed, and 'drops' back to Earth.
At this point, the ICBM is just minutes from its target. If the ICBM has rocket thrusters these would be used at this point to orientate itself towards its target. Some have more than one warhead per ICBM too.
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How does the ICBM works?
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Nadhani Mpaka Hapo Utakuwa Umeelewa Kuhusu Ballistic Missiles Na Utendaji Kazi Wake Kuanzia Inapokuwa Projected Mpaka Inapofikia Target Yake Na Ku-Deliver Kile Ambacho Kimekusudiwa Kama Ni Nuclear Warhead Au Silaha Nyingine Yeyote. Pia Nitakuwa Nimejibu Lile Swali Lako Kuhusu Satan 2 Kama Ni Delivery System Au Missile. Kama Kuna Kitu Hujaelewa Karibu Kwa Maswali!
La Mwisho, Kuhusiana Na Hizo Source Ulizoweka Hapo Bado Ni Full Of Speculations Maana Hata Zenyewe Zimenukuu Tu Taarifa Kutoka Russian Media Ndio Maana Baadhi Ya Media Hapo Wamewekea Quotations Baadhi Ya Statements Kuonesha Kuwa Zimenukulia. Mfano Halisi Ni Hao Mirror.uk Wamenukuu Taarifa Kutoka Kwa Mtangazaji Katika Media Ya Urusi. Na Hata Hao Wengine Pia Wamenukuu Taarifa Kutoka Hiyo Sputnik, the Russian government-controlled news agency.
