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Tanzania People's Defence Force
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Tanzania People's Defence Forces
Jeshi la Wananchi la TanzaniaService branchesLand Forces Command
Naval Command
Air Force Command
Military IntelligenceLeadershipCommander-in-ChiefPres. Jakaya Mrisho KikweteMinister of Defense & National ServiceHussein MwinyiManpowerMilitary age1549Available for
military service8,477,193 (2003 est.), age 1549Fit for
military service4,911,235 (2003 est.), age 1549Reaching military
age annuallyunknownActive personnel27,000ExpendituresBudget$19.68 million (FY02)Percent of GDP0.2% (2005 estimate)[1]
The Tanzania Peoples Defence Force (TPDF) (Swahili: Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ)) was created in September 1964. From its inception, it was ingrained in the troops that they were a peoples force under civilian control. They were always reminded of their difference from the colonial armed forces.[citation needed] The TPDF was given a very clear mission: to defend Tanzania and everything Tanzanian, especially the people and their political ideology. TPDF sailors, pilots and officers are trained in China.
Tanzanian citizens are able to volunteer for military service from 15 years of age, and 18 years of age for compulsory military service upon graduation from secondary school. Conscript service obligation was 2 years as of 2004.
Contents
[hide]
The formation of the TPDF was a result of the disbandment of the Tanganyika Rifles after a mutiny in 1964. Soldiers of the regiment mutinied on January 1964. The Mutiny began in Colito barracks in Dar es Salaam, then spread to Kalewa barracks in Tabora with Nachingwea, a new barracks, following suit. The mutiny was over pay, promotions, the removal of British officers and Africanisation. Julius Nyerere conceded that the "soldiers had genuine grievances and the demands presented a perfectly reasonable case." However, he could not tolerate a mutiny. The mutiny raised questions about the place of the military in the newly independent Tanganyika a military under a foreign command and not integrated into the countrys system. In a way, it was a blessing in disguise as the government set out to rectify the situation. After the mutiny, the army was disbanded and fresh recruits were sought within the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) youth wing as a source.
[edit] Wars fought
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2008)
File:Kikwete-swearingin2.jpg JWTZ Honour Guard
The TPDF was one of the front line National Armies during the struggle to liberate Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Uganda.[citation needed] TPDF officers also trained African National Congress fighters in Morogoro. TPDF officers also participated in the training of the new Democratic Republic of Congo army, but were later withdrawn because of the war in the Congo.
The most significant TPDF involvement in the Uganda-Tanzania War following a Ugandan invasion of Kagera in 1978. Idi Amin with the help of Libya, accused Julius Nyerere of being at the root of his troubles and of waging war against Uganda. Amin invaded Tanzanian territory on 1 November 1978 and annexed Kagera. Julius Nyerere told the nation that Tanzania had the reason to fight Amin, was intent on fighting Amin and had the ability to defeat him. The war effort was not for the army alone on 22 November 1978, but for the entire population, the nation understood him and the reaction was predictable. In April 1979, Tanzania took Kampala and Amin fled the country to Libya and eventually ending up in Saudi Arabia after falling out of favour with Muammar al-Gaddafi. Unlike Amins soldiers, the TPDF had a relaxed relationship with the locals and at times went out of their way to assist them.
[edit] Officer Corps
The TPDF employs a delibarate policy of drawing its officers from various regions of the country. This policy has ensured a development of a national force that has tended to promote stability.
[edit] Land Forces Command
The Land Forces Command consists of:[citation needed]
Vehicles
In 1989-90 Tanzania added 30 T-62 Soviet made tanks, 80 85 mm Chinese made artillery, 20 122 mm Chinese made howitzers. This added to an existing 40 76 mm howitzer, 40 85 mm guns, 200 122 mm howitzer and 50 130 mm guns. The following below are tanks currently in use by the Tanzanian Forces:
There is only one howitzer currently in service for the TPDF.
The navy operates 7 fast attack craft and 12 patrol boats.
[edit] Air Force Command
A few of the Tanzanian air wing's transport remain serviceable. However, its Shenyang F-5s, and Chengdu F-7s are reported to rarely fly because of airworthiness problems[2]. Tanzania's long coastline means that transports are also used for patrol flights.
In Tanzania, early 1980s; Contrary to what is usually reported, Tanzania never purchased any J-7Is from China. Instead, the Jeshi La Wananchi La Tanzania (Tanzanian People's Defence Force Air Wing, TPDF/AW) was given 14 MiG-21MFs and two MiG-21Us by the USSR in 1974. Many of these were lost in different accidents due to the poor training, and two were said to have been lost when their pilots defected. Nevertheless, the few surviving examples took part in the war against Uganda, in 1978-1979, when they saw much action, even if one was shot down in a case of fratricide fire (it was lost to SA-7s fired by Tanzanian troops). The Tanzanian Army captured seven MiG-21MFs and one MiG-21U trainer from the Ugandan Air Force, as well as a considerable amount of spare parts. All of these were flown out to Mwanza AB, to enter service with the TPDF/AW. In 1998, Tanzania purchased four additional MiG-21MFs from the Ukraine, but these were reportedly in a very poor shape, and not used very often. Meanwhile, in 1980, an order for 10 F-7Bs and two TF-7s was issued to China, and in 1997 also two F-7Ns were purchased from Iran, together with four ex-Iraqi Air Force transports of an unknown type. Today, no Russian-supplied MiG-21s remain in service with the TPDF/AW, and only three or four F-7s remain operational. The TPDF/AW MiG-21MFs are now confirmed to have carried serials - in black or green - underneath the cockpit, but no details about these are known.
Another source puts the figures at; Planes and helicopters: 3 J-5 (MiG-17), 11 J-7 (MiG-21), 3 DHC-5D, Y-5, 2 Y-12, 3 HS-748, 2 F.28, HS-125-700, 5 Cessna 310, 2 Cessna 404, Cessna 206, 2 MiG-15UTI, 5 PA-28, 4 AB-205, 6 Bell 206B.
The Air Force currently operates[2]:
Combat Aircraft:
Training Aircraft:
Police Helicopter:
[edit] Current High Command
[citation needed]
[edit] Former CDF's
[edit] References
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) (Find sources: Tanzania People's Defence Force news, books, scholar)
Tanzania People's Defence Forces
Jeshi la Wananchi la TanzaniaService branchesLand Forces Command
Naval Command
Air Force Command
Military IntelligenceLeadershipCommander-in-ChiefPres. Jakaya Mrisho KikweteMinister of Defense & National ServiceHussein MwinyiManpowerMilitary age1549Available for
military service8,477,193 (2003 est.), age 1549Fit for
military service4,911,235 (2003 est.), age 1549Reaching military
age annuallyunknownActive personnel27,000ExpendituresBudget$19.68 million (FY02)Percent of GDP0.2% (2005 estimate)[1]
The Tanzania Peoples Defence Force (TPDF) (Swahili: Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ)) was created in September 1964. From its inception, it was ingrained in the troops that they were a peoples force under civilian control. They were always reminded of their difference from the colonial armed forces.[citation needed] The TPDF was given a very clear mission: to defend Tanzania and everything Tanzanian, especially the people and their political ideology. TPDF sailors, pilots and officers are trained in China.
Tanzanian citizens are able to volunteer for military service from 15 years of age, and 18 years of age for compulsory military service upon graduation from secondary school. Conscript service obligation was 2 years as of 2004.
Contents
[hide]
- 1 Early history
- 2 Wars fought
- 3 Officer Corps
- 4 Land Forces Command
- 5 Current High Command
- 6 Former Generals and high-ranking officers
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
The formation of the TPDF was a result of the disbandment of the Tanganyika Rifles after a mutiny in 1964. Soldiers of the regiment mutinied on January 1964. The Mutiny began in Colito barracks in Dar es Salaam, then spread to Kalewa barracks in Tabora with Nachingwea, a new barracks, following suit. The mutiny was over pay, promotions, the removal of British officers and Africanisation. Julius Nyerere conceded that the "soldiers had genuine grievances and the demands presented a perfectly reasonable case." However, he could not tolerate a mutiny. The mutiny raised questions about the place of the military in the newly independent Tanganyika a military under a foreign command and not integrated into the countrys system. In a way, it was a blessing in disguise as the government set out to rectify the situation. After the mutiny, the army was disbanded and fresh recruits were sought within the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) youth wing as a source.
[edit] Wars fought
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2008)
File:Kikwete-swearingin2.jpg JWTZ Honour Guard
The TPDF was one of the front line National Armies during the struggle to liberate Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Uganda.[citation needed] TPDF officers also trained African National Congress fighters in Morogoro. TPDF officers also participated in the training of the new Democratic Republic of Congo army, but were later withdrawn because of the war in the Congo.
The most significant TPDF involvement in the Uganda-Tanzania War following a Ugandan invasion of Kagera in 1978. Idi Amin with the help of Libya, accused Julius Nyerere of being at the root of his troubles and of waging war against Uganda. Amin invaded Tanzanian territory on 1 November 1978 and annexed Kagera. Julius Nyerere told the nation that Tanzania had the reason to fight Amin, was intent on fighting Amin and had the ability to defeat him. The war effort was not for the army alone on 22 November 1978, but for the entire population, the nation understood him and the reaction was predictable. In April 1979, Tanzania took Kampala and Amin fled the country to Libya and eventually ending up in Saudi Arabia after falling out of favour with Muammar al-Gaddafi. Unlike Amins soldiers, the TPDF had a relaxed relationship with the locals and at times went out of their way to assist them.
[edit] Officer Corps
The TPDF employs a delibarate policy of drawing its officers from various regions of the country. This policy has ensured a development of a national force that has tended to promote stability.
[edit] Land Forces Command
The Land Forces Command consists of:[citation needed]
- 8 infantry brigades
- 2 divisional headquarters
- 1 tank battalion
- 2 field artillery battalions
- 2 AA artillery battalions
- 1 SAM battalion
- 2 anti-tank battalions
- 2 signal battalions.
Vehicles
In 1989-90 Tanzania added 30 T-62 Soviet made tanks, 80 85 mm Chinese made artillery, 20 122 mm Chinese made howitzers. This added to an existing 40 76 mm howitzer, 40 85 mm guns, 200 122 mm howitzer and 50 130 mm guns. The following below are tanks currently in use by the Tanzanian Forces:
- Chinese Type 59 heavy tank (30 in service)
- Chinese Type 62 light tank (66 in service)
- Chinese Type 63 (armoured personnel carrier) (30 in service)
- Russian BRDM-2/BTR-40 combat vehicle (20 in service)
- Russian BTR-152 armoured personnel carrier (10 in service)
- Soviet T-62 tanks (30 in service)
There is only one howitzer currently in service for the TPDF.
- Chinese 85mm Artillery (80 in service)
- Chinese 122mm howitzers ( 20 in service)
- Russian D-30 122 mm guns (240 in service)
- Russian BM-21 rocket launchers (50 in service, AA)
- 350 mortars
- 350 Anti-Aircraft (AA) Guns
- 61 SAMs ( 20 Soviet SA-3 launchers, 20 Soviet SA-6 launchers and SA-7s)[citation needed]
- Type 56 (Chinese Clone of AK-47 in 7.62x39mm)
- RPD (Russian LMG in 7.62x39mm)
- RPG-7
- SA-7 (Soviet Portable Man-fired Anti-Aircraft SAM)
The navy operates 7 fast attack craft and 12 patrol boats.
[edit] Air Force Command
A few of the Tanzanian air wing's transport remain serviceable. However, its Shenyang F-5s, and Chengdu F-7s are reported to rarely fly because of airworthiness problems[2]. Tanzania's long coastline means that transports are also used for patrol flights.
In Tanzania, early 1980s; Contrary to what is usually reported, Tanzania never purchased any J-7Is from China. Instead, the Jeshi La Wananchi La Tanzania (Tanzanian People's Defence Force Air Wing, TPDF/AW) was given 14 MiG-21MFs and two MiG-21Us by the USSR in 1974. Many of these were lost in different accidents due to the poor training, and two were said to have been lost when their pilots defected. Nevertheless, the few surviving examples took part in the war against Uganda, in 1978-1979, when they saw much action, even if one was shot down in a case of fratricide fire (it was lost to SA-7s fired by Tanzanian troops). The Tanzanian Army captured seven MiG-21MFs and one MiG-21U trainer from the Ugandan Air Force, as well as a considerable amount of spare parts. All of these were flown out to Mwanza AB, to enter service with the TPDF/AW. In 1998, Tanzania purchased four additional MiG-21MFs from the Ukraine, but these were reportedly in a very poor shape, and not used very often. Meanwhile, in 1980, an order for 10 F-7Bs and two TF-7s was issued to China, and in 1997 also two F-7Ns were purchased from Iran, together with four ex-Iraqi Air Force transports of an unknown type. Today, no Russian-supplied MiG-21s remain in service with the TPDF/AW, and only three or four F-7s remain operational. The TPDF/AW MiG-21MFs are now confirmed to have carried serials - in black or green - underneath the cockpit, but no details about these are known.
Another source puts the figures at; Planes and helicopters: 3 J-5 (MiG-17), 11 J-7 (MiG-21), 3 DHC-5D, Y-5, 2 Y-12, 3 HS-748, 2 F.28, HS-125-700, 5 Cessna 310, 2 Cessna 404, Cessna 206, 2 MiG-15UTI, 5 PA-28, 4 AB-205, 6 Bell 206B.
The Air Force currently operates[2]:
Combat Aircraft:
- Shenyang F-5 Fresco - 8
- Chengdu F-7 Skybolt - 11 - reportedly at airfield at Ngerengere (Air Forces Monthly, November 2009)
- Shaanxi Y-8
- Harbin Y-12
- de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo - 4
- Beechcraft King Air A100 - 1
- Gulfstream V
- Fokker F27 Friendship
Training Aircraft:
- Shengyang FT-5 - 2
- Nanchang BT-6 - 2
Police Helicopter:
[edit] Current High Command
[citation needed]
- Commander in Chief: President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete
- Chief of Defence Forces (CDF): General Davis Mwamunyange
- Chief of General Staff: Lt. General Abdulrahman Amir Shimbo
- Commander of Land Forces Maj Gen Wilcjones Kisamba
- Acting Chief of National Service: Maj Gen SN Kitundu
- Commander of Air Force Command: Maj Gen Ulomi
- Commander of the Naval Command: Rear Admiral (Maj Gen) SS Omar.
[edit] Former CDF's
- Major General Sarakikya 1964-1974;
- Lieutenant General Abdallah Twalipo 1974-1980;
- General David Musuguri 1980-1988;
- General Ernest Kiaro 1988-1994;
- General Robert Mboma 1994-2002
- General George Waitara 2002-2007
- General Davis Mwamunyange 2007-
- Brigadier General Tumainiel Kiwelu 1975-1980;
- Major General Imrani Kombe 1980-1983;
- Major General M.N. Mwakalindile 1983-1988;
- Lieutenant General Kiwelu 1988-1994;
- Lieutenant General G. F. Sayore from 1994-2001
- Lieutenant General Iddi Gahu 2001-2006
- Lieutenant General Davis Mwamunyange 2006-2007
- Lieutenant General Abdulrahman Shimbo 2007-
[edit] References
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Tanzania
- ^ a b Tanzanian military aviation OrBat
- This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2005 edition".
- Civil-Military Relations in Post-Independent Africa
- Tanzania Refutes Cross Border Shelling
- Murdo Morrison), ed (2006). "World Air Forces". Flight International (Number 5063 ed.). London: Flight Global. p. 82. ISBN 9-770015-371174-47.
- Brian S. MacDonald (1990). "Africa armed forces". Military spending in developing countries (Number 5063 ed.). London. ISBN 9-780886-2931-47.
- Official website of the Tanzania People's Defence Forces
- Tanzania Civil-military Relations and Political Stability
- Lillian Kingazi, Enhancing Human Resource Capabilities in the TPDF
