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Clostridium difficile colitis or
pseudomembranous colitis is
colitis (inflammation of the large intestine) resulting from
infectionwith
Clostridium difficile, a
spore-forming
bacterium.
[1] It causes an
infectious diarrhea called
C. difficile associated diarrhea(
CDAD). Latent symptoms of
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) often mimic some
flu-like symptoms and may mimic disease flare-ups in people with
inflammatory bowel disease–associated colitis.
[2] C. difficile releases toxins that may cause
bloating and diarrhea, with abdominal pain, which may become severe.
The colitis is thought to occur when this bacterium replaces normal
gut flora that has been compromised, usually following antibiotic treatment for an unrelated infection. The disturbance of normal healthy bacteria may provide
C. difficile an opportunity to overrun the intestinal
microbiome.
[3] It is a type of
antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Often, mild cases of CDI may be treated by discontinuing the offending antibiotics. More serious cases require targeted antibiotic treatment. Relapses of CDI have been reported in up to 20% of cases.
[4] C. difficile infection is a growing problem in health care facilities, killing approximately 29,000 people in the United States in