Elektron

Sababu zinazofanya mwezi usivutwe na kuigonga dunia na wakati huo huo usiache njia yake na kuacha kuizunguka dunia,ndizo hizo hizo zinafanya electrons zisvutwe na kutumbukia ndani ya nukliasi.

Mwendo kasi wa electrons katika kuzunguka nucleus ni mkubwa kiasi cha kufanya electrons zibakie kwenye mzungunguko wa mduara katika eneo lililo mbali na nucleus.
endapo itatokea kwa sababu zozote mwendokasi wa eletrons ukapungua kwa kiwango mahususi ni kweli electrons zote zitatumbukia ndani ya nukliasi.
Nijuavyo mimi si rahisi kwa electrons kutulia kwani nguvu iliyomo ndani ya eletrons ni kubwa sana ukilinganisha na uzito wake. Ili kuisimamisha electron nilazima kuwepo kitu kingine chenye uwezo wa kumeza nguvu yote ndani ya eletron bila kuiathiri.
Vinginevyo zoezi hilo litasababisha eletron kupasuka vipande vipande na kila kipande kubeba sehemu ya nguvu ya eletron ilo pasuka.
Hap somo zima hugeuka na kuwa quantum physics.

Madela,

Usichanganye gravity na the strong force.The strong force is very strong indeed (1 followed by 39 zeroes stronger than gravity) but acts at a very short distance at the subatomic scale.

Gravity on the other hand, can act at a huge distance e.g,. earth and moon or between galaxies and quasars billion of light years apart, but is not as strong as the strong force.

What stabilizes the nuclear is a totally different force from what keeps the moon on it's orbit around the earth.

Madela Wa- Madilu said:

Sababu zinazofanya mwezi usivutwe na kuigonga dunia na wakati huo huo usiache njia yake na kuacha kuizunguka dunia,ndizo hizo hizo zinafanya electrons zisvutwe na kutumbukia ndani ya nukliasi.

Mwendo kasi wa electrons katika kuzunguka nucleus ni mkubwa kiasi cha kufanya electrons zibakie kwenye mzungunguko wa mduara katika eneo lililo mbali na nucleus.
endapo itatokea kwa sababu zozote mwendokasi wa eletrons ukapungua kwa kiwango mahususi ni kweli electrons zote zitatumbukia ndani ya nukliasi.
Nijuavyo mimi si rahisi kwa electrons kutulia kwani nguvu iliyomo ndani ya eletrons ni kubwa sana ukilinganisha na uzito wake. Ili kuisimamisha electron nilazima kuwepo kitu kingine chenye uwezo wa kumeza nguvu yote ndani ya eletron bila kuiathiri.
Vinginevyo zoezi hilo litasababisha eletron kupasuka vipande vipande na kila kipande kubeba sehemu ya nguvu ya eletron ilo pasuka.
Hap somo zima hugeuka na kuwa quantum physics.

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Kuna yeyote kati yenu amewahi kushuhudia mbio za pikipiki zinazoitwa "wall of death". Uwiano kati ya nguvu zinazotofautiana ndicho kinachotoa majibu ya swali kama lilivyoulizwa - this is a layman's point of view !! Kumbuka kuwa ikitokea nguvu nyingine ikaingilia huu uwiano, matokeo yake ni balaa tupu. Elektroni ikiingiliwa katika mwendo wake, pandora box hufunguliwa na si ajabu watu wakaishia kujilipua ama kulipuliwa. Katika "wall of death" one single miscalculation results in sure death. Hii thread ingekuwa kwenye jukwaa la elimu ningesema mengi.

Mag3 said:

Kuna yeyote kati yenu amewahi kushuhudia mbio za pikipiki zinazoitwa "wall of death". Uwiano kati ya nguvu zinazotofautiana ndicho kinachotoa majibu ya swali kama lilivyoulizwa - this is a layman's point of view !! Kumbuka kuwa ikitokea nguvu nyingine ikaingilia huu uwiano, matokeo yake ni balaa tupu. Elektroni ikiingiliwa katika mwendo wake, pandora box hufunguliwa na si ajabu watu wakaishia kujilipua ama kulipuliwa. Katika "wall of death" one single miscalculation results in sure death. Hii thread ingekuwa kwenye jukwaa la elimu ningesema mengi.

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Madela and Mag3, can we put gravity with the gauge symmetries to form a theory of everything? i.e the theory which elucidates and puts together all the physical phenomena?

Mama said:

Madela and Mag3, can we put gravity with the gauge symmetries to form a theory of everything? i.e the theory which elucidates and puts together all the physical phenomena?

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Mama,

Ukifanya hivyo Oslo unaiona hii hapa, unaungana na Wangari Maathai.

In essence utakamilisha kile Albert Einstein na Niels Bohr walichoshindwa kufanya katika maisha yao yote, na ambacho hakuna mtu ameweza kufanya.Come to think of it, kusema hili katika level ya nobel ni kuli underrate, utaungana na Einstein, Newton na Galileo kama giant wa Physics.

Pundit ha ha ha ha haaaaaa, unajua beyond standard model ndio zimekuja theories za grand unification, quark masses mixing na neutrino masses mixing. Sasa wataalam wa fizikia wanasema kuwa beyond grand unification kuna speculation kuwa wanaweza kuimerge na gravity ili kupata the theory of everything. Not me specifically.

Kijakazi said:

nina swali hapa ambalo ninapenda kujadili na watu wanaoelewa nalo ni kwamba kila mtu anafahamu kwamba atom imejengwa na nucleas ambayo proton (+) na nutron (0), pamoja na elektron (-).
Na sote tunafahamu kwamba elektron inazunguka nucleas mithili ya sayari zinavyolizunguka jua.
Sasa swali langu ni kwamba ni kwa nini electron haiangukii kwenye nucleas kwa maana tunafahamu kwamba chaji chanya na hasi zinavutana na ukichukulia kwamba electron ni hasi na nucleas ina chanya kutokana na neutron? na kama hilo halitoshi Je ni kwa nini proton ndani ya nucleas hazipambani na na kusukumana pande mbili tofauti kwani zoote zina chaji ya aina moja (+)!!!!

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Nadhani umeshapewa majibu kwa namna mbalimbali, inawezekana nikawa nafanya marudio. Mambo haya ya nature tumekuwa tunajenga majibu yake kwa kuweka hypothesis na kujaribu kuthibitisha kuwa hizo hypothesis zetu ni sahihi, na hivyo kuzifanya kuwa ndiyo majibu yenyewe yaani theory. Kwa bahati mbaya imetokea kuwa baadhi ya thories hizo zimekuwa baadaye zinaonekana kuwa siyo sahihi. Inawezekana huko mbeleni majibu yaliyopo sasa hivi kuhusu swali lako likaja kuonekana kuwa siyo sahihi.

Mpaka sasa hivi jibu la swali lako linatokana na hypothesis ijulikanayo kama symmetry; hypothesis hii imetanabahisha Gauge Laws ambazo ndizo zinazotambulisha Four Forces of Nature: Strong forces, Weak Forces, electromagnetic Forces, na Gravitational Forces. Electromagnetic na Gravtitaional Forces kwa pamoja zimo katika kundi lijulikanalo kama "inverse square laws." Sasa wewe swali lako limeangalia jinsi gani electromagnetic forces zinavyoweza ama kuvuta electrons kwende kwenye protons, au kusambaza protons zisikae mahala pamoja. Hata hivyo inaelekea kuwa umesahau kuwapo kwa hizi strong forces na weak forces.

Strong forces zinavuta protons mahala pamoja, na katika umbali mfupi hizi strong forces zina nguvu kuliko electromagnetic forces. Kwa hiyo hata kama electromagentic forces zinataka kusambaratisha hizo neutrons, bado strong forces zitazielemea hizo electromagnetic forces na kuziacha protons mahala pamoja.

Kuhusu swala la Neutrons kushindwa kuzama kwenye neucleus kwa sababu ya electromagnetic attraction itokanayo na negative charges hili linajibiwa kwa kutumia taswira ya sayari na jua. Sayari na jua zinavutana kwa kutumia gravatitational law ambayo ni inverse square law sawa na electromagnetic forces. Hata hivyo sayari hazianguki kwenye jua kwa sababu kila sayari ina nishati yake (kinetic Energy) inayotumia kuzungukia jua, na hii haibadiliki (Conservation of Energy). Kwa hiyo, ili kufanya sayari ianguke kwenye jua, inabidi kwanza iishiwe hiyo nishati. Vivyo hivyo kulingana na theories tulizonazo mpaka sasa kuhusu spartial relationship kati ya protons na electrons ni kwamba ili electrons zianguke kutoka kwenye njia zake kuelekea kwenye kwenye neuclear inabidi zipunguze energy levels zake. Kuangusha energy level ya electron ni njia mojawapo inayoweza kutumika ili kuvuna atomic energy, ingawa mpaka sasa hivi atomic energy imekuwa inavunwa kutokana na strong forces kwa kuvunja nuclear na ndiyo maana imekuwa inajulikana kama nuclear enegry.

Hata hivyo, nikumbushe kuwa theories hizi bado zina utata kadhaa na zinaweza kuja kuwa proved wrong huko mbeleni lakini hadi sansa ndizo theory tunazoamini kujibu swali lako.

Hihihihihihihiiiiiiii.....haya madudu yote mnayozungumzia hapa sijaona jina hata moja la Mwafrika zaidi ya nyinyi mnaoongelea kazi zilizofanywa na wazungu!!!!! Hihihihiiiiiiiiii.....

Nyani Ngabu said:

Hihihihihihihiiiiiiii.....haya madudu yote mnayozungumzia hapa sijaona jina hata moja la Mwafrika zaidi ya nyinyi mnaoongelea kazi zilizofanywa na wazungu!!!!! Hihihihiiiiiiiiii.....

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Huwezi kuona jina la Imhotep au Erastothenes,yako soo deeply entrenched in all this.

It is a pity Alexandria did not survive to enlighten you.

Pundit said:

Huwezi kuona jina la Imhotep au Erastothenes,yako soo deeply entrenched in all this.

It is a pity Alexandria did not survive to enlighten you.

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Nataka kuona majina kama Kaganda, Nkunda, Emunah, Boateng, Awolowo, Machibya, Ndulute, Kasiga, Chahonyo n.k. Hivi usingeona fahari kuona wazungu wanatamka majina kama haya katika mazungumzo na midahalo yao kama mnavyofanya nyinyi hapa?

Pundit said:

Madela,

Usichanganye gravity na the strong force.The strong force is very strong indeed (1 followed by 39 zeroes stronger than gravity) but acts at a very short distance at the subatomic scale.

Gravity on the other hand, can act at a huge distance e.g,. earth and moon or between galaxies and quasars billion of light years apart, but is not as strong as the strong force.

What stabilizes the nuclear is a totally different force from what keeps the moon on it's orbit around the earth.

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Sichanganyi ila nimeelezea katika kutoa sura au picha ya juu juu.

Kwa kuelewa Garavity inavyofanya kazi tunaweza pata urahisi wa kujenga hoja juu ya kianachoendelea ndani ya atom.

Kwa hoja hiyo ya gravity, ndiyo maana zebaki iliyokaribu sana na jua inalizunguka jua kwa kasi sana wakati jiwe la pluto linachukua miaka kadhaa kuzunguka jua.

kwa lugha nyingine jinsi umbali upunguvyo toka lilipo jua kasi ya satelite inayozunguka jua huongezeka.

Sasa tukifika katika level ya atom mwendo kasi unakuwa mkubwa mno mno ajabu na binding force inakuwa kubwa mno ajabu kwa sababu ya negligible size ya atom.
Kiasi cha kusema, electron inazunguka ni kama postulation tu. other wise iko katika waveform na iko everywhere, what we can guess or locate is just a quantum level they exist.

I agree with you kwamba the two forces are quite different in magnitude and the two worlds are different too.

Wee Madilu mshamba sana.....

Nyani Ngabu said:

Wee Madilu mshamba sana.....

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Tunaongelea physics na electrons shamba limeingia vipi

Madela Wa- Madilu said:

Tunaongelea physics na electrons shamba limeingia vipi

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Unaona sasa...unazidi kuonyesha ushamba wako.

Nyani Ngabu said:

Unaona sasa...unazidi kuonyesha ushamba wako.

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I gues you are right, because some eletrons in my writings are emmitting photons in invisible spectrum causing unintended outcome.

Mama said:

Mutu said:

Mama uhusiano wa nguvu nne unaitwa electrostrong force,ktk hizi mbili uhusiano wake umedhibitishwa ambao ni kati ya weak force na electromagnetic force na kuitwa electroweak.
Sasa kama ni toauti na hapo kwenye naihitaji shule

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kasome baba, nenda shule unaihitaji kiasi!

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Madela Wa- Madilu said:

Nyani Ngabu said:

Wee Madilu mshamba sana.....

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Tunaongelea physics na electrons shamba limeingia vipi

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Interesting,

Unajua nilikurupukia thread hii na kujaribu kujibu swali la msingi bila kuwa nimeangalia discussion yote. Sasa hivi nimeipitia na kugundua kuwa kumbe kuna nondo zilikuwa zimeshamwagwa kweli kweli and the dicsussion was getting really interesting. Kweli kuna vichwa hapa JF; again, it makes me feel proud of being a JF member.

Strong Force ni kwajili ya kubind Nuclei na siyo electrons.

Nuclei are bound together by the residual strong force. The residual strong force is minor residuum of the strong force which binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons. This force is much weaker between neutrons and protons because it is mostly neutalized within them, in the same way that electromagnetic forces between neutral atoms (van der Waals forces) are much weaker than the electromagnetic forces that hold the atoms internally together.

Electrons nazo pia zinacreate magnetic field ambayo ina act 90 degree against electron path. Magnetic field inafanya electrons ziendele kuzunguka protons.

When an electron is moving through a magnetic field, it is subject to the Lorentz force that exerts an influence in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the magnetic field and the electron velocity. This causes the electron to follow a helical trajectory through the field at a radius equal to the Gyroradius. The curving motion creates a centripetal force on the particle, and this acceleration causes the electron to radiate energy called synchrotron radiation.

Kama bado zibo la phyisics naomba nizibuliwe.

Tunashukuru sana huu ulimwengu wa mtandao watu tunauwezo wa kuchukua maneno ya topiki na kupata tafsiri yake kwenye online Dictionaries or by google anything and come here for contribution.Ila kuna mambo mengine yana hitaji basics.So we be careful.

Madela Wa- Madilu said:

Electrons nazo pia zinacreate magnetic field ambayo ina act 90 degree against electron path. Magnetic field inafanya electrons ziendele kuzunguka protons.

When an electron is moving through a magnetic field, it is subject to the Lorentz force that exerts an influence in a direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the magnetic field and the electron velocity. This causes the electron to follow a helical trajectory through the field at a radius equal to the Gyroradius. The curving motion creates a centripetal force on the particle, and this acceleration causes the electron to radiate energy called synchrotron radiation.

Kama bado zibo la phyisics naomba nizibuliwe.

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Kichuguu said:

Kuhusu swala la Neutrons kushindwa kuzama kwenye neucleus kwa sababu ya electromagnetic attraction itokanayo na negative charges hili linajibiwa kwa kutumia taswira ya sayari na jua. Sayari na jua zinavutana kwa kutumia gravatitational law ambayo ni inverse square law sawa na electromagnetic forces. Hata hivyo sayari hazianguki kwenye jua kwa sababu kila sayari ina nishati yake (kinetic Energy) inayotumia kuzungukia jua, na hii haibadiliki (Conservation of Energy). Kwa hiyo, ili kufanya sayari ianguke kwenye jua, inabidi kwanza iishiwe hiyo nishati. Vivyo hivyo kulingana na theories tulizonazo mpaka sasa kuhusu spartial relationship kati ya protons na electrons ni kwamba ili electrons zianguke kutoka kwenye njia zake kuelekea kwenye kwenye neuclear inabidi zipunguze energy levels zake. Kuangusha energy level ya electron ni njia mojawapo inayoweza kutumika ili kuvuna atomic energy, ingawa mpaka sasa hivi atomic energy imekuwa inavunwa kutokana na strong forces kwa kuvunja nuclear na ndiyo maana imekuwa inajulikana kama nuclear enegry.

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Wakuu Madela wa Madilu na Kichuguu,

Tatizo la hizi solutions ni kwamba explanation za elektroni kuzunguka kiini kama mbalamwezi kwenye dunia, au zuhura kwenye jua, zimesharekebishwa na hazipo tena!

Hakuna mtu ana calculate "path" ya electkton siku hizi! Ukianza kutamka mambo ya centripetal force unaenda kwenye Bohr's model ya karne iliyopita, ya kuchora elektroni kwenye mviringo au elipsis.

Mkuu Pundit aliliongelea hili swala vizuri sana hapa chini:

Pundit said:

The notion that the electron goes around the nucleas like the planets around the sun is classical and mistaken, the reality is rooted more in quantum mechanics, where everything is a probabilistic blur, and you can only speak in probabilistic terms, therefore in the form of the probability of the electron's wave function. This is due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle which...

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Kwa hiyo bado tuko pale pale: ni kwanini elektroni zinapovutana na kiini cha uchanya wa protons hazidumbukii kwenye nucleus ?

Kuhani said:

Tatizo la hizi solution ni kwamba explanation za elektroni kuzunguka kiini kama mbalamwezi kwenye dunia, au zuhura kwenye jua zimesharekebishwa na hazipo tena!

Hakuna mtu ana calculate "path" ya electkton siku hizi! Ukianza kutamka mambo ya centripetal force unakuwa unaenda kwenye Bohr's model ya karne iliyopita, ya kuchora elektroni kwenye mviringo au elipsis.

Mkuu Pundit aliliongelea hili swala vizuri sana hapa chini:



Kwa hiyo bado tuko pale pale: ni kwanini elektroni zinapovutana na kiini cha uchanya wa protons hazidumbukii kwenye nucleus ?

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Nadhani nilitumia lugha nyepesi sana kuelezea uhusiano baina ya sayari na jua na ule electron na nucleus nawe umenielewa vivyo hivyo ingawa sikusema kuwa electrons zinazunguka nucleus zikiwa na kinetic energy kama ile ya sayari. Issue kubwa hapa nilikuwa nataka kuonyesha kuwa hizo zinazoitwa electrons haziwezi kuanguka kwenda kwenye nucleus unless zimepoteza kiasi fulani cha energy yake na kuingia katika energy levels za chini.

Naona pia kama kuna makosa kwa kudai kuwa Heisenberg's Uncretainity Principle ilisema kuwa hakuna orbits za electrons. Bwana huyu alichosema ni kuwa position, speed, njia, na momentum ya electron hubadilika randomly kila wakati na wala hakuna anayeweza kuvijua, kwa hiyo hatuwezi kusema kuwa electrons ziko kwenye elliptical orbits. Kitu ambacho hakijabadilika katika pool ya knowledge ni kuwa kila electron ina energy level yake inayoiwezsha kuwa pale ilipo hata kama hatujui iko wapi, na ukweli kuwa electroni iko pembeni mwa nucleus. Position ya electron moja inategemea position ya electron nyingine katika atom ile, hata kama njia ya kila electron ni random (probabilistic). Sasa swala la kwa nini electrons zote zisivutwe kwenye nucleus bado liko kama ilivyo theory ya sayari na jua: unless electrons zote zipoteze energy levels zake. Inawezekana kabisa kuwa electronic energy level siyo lazima iwe kinetic energy, na wala haina uhusina na centripetal forces.

Hata hivyo, kama ilivyokuwa historia nzima ya Physics, mambo yanaweza kubadilika endapo kutatokea facts zaidi kuhusu energy levels za electrons.