Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences. Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological process—one that is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulus—is the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction, according to the "brain disease model" of addiction. However, some scholars who study addiction argue that the brain disease model is incomplete and misleading.The brain disease model posits that addiction is a disorder of the brain's reward system which arises through transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms and develops over time from chronically high levels of exposure to an addictive stimulus (e.g., eating food, the use of cocaine, engagement in sexual activity, participation in high-thrill cultural activities such as gambling, etc.). DeltaFosB (ΔFosB), a gene transcription factor, is a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral and drug addictions. Two decades of research into ΔFosB's role in addiction have demonstrated that addiction arises, and the associated compulsive behavior intensifies or attenuates, along with the overexpression of ΔFosB in the D1-type medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens. Due to the causal relationship between ΔFosB expression and addictions, it is used preclinically as an addiction biomarker. ΔFosB expression in these neurons directly and positively regulates drug self-administration and reward sensitization through positive reinforcement, while decreasing sensitivity to aversion.Addiction exacts an "astoundingly high financial and human toll" on individuals and society as a whole. In the United States, the total economic cost to society is greater than that of all types of diabetes and all cancers combined. These costs arise from the direct adverse effects of drugs and associated healthcare costs (e.g., emergency medical services and outpatient and inpatient care), long-term complications (e.g., lung cancer from smoking tobacco products, liver cirrhosis and dementia from chronic alcohol consumption, and meth mouth from methamphetamine use), the loss of productivity and associated welfare costs, fatal and non-fatal accidents (e.g., traffic collisions), suicides, homicides, and incarceration, among others. Classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, and continued use despite consequences. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs).Examples of drug and behavioral addictions include alcoholism, marijuana addiction, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, opioid addiction, food addiction, chocolate addiction, video game addiction, gambling addiction, and sexual addiction. The only behavioral addiction recognized by the DSM-5 and the ICD-10 is gambling addiction. With the introduction of the ICD-11 gaming addiction was appended. The term addiction is misused frequently to refer to other compulsive behaviors or disorders, particularly dependence, in news media. An important distinction between drug addiction and dependence is that drug dependence is a disorder in which cessation of drug use results in an unpleasant state of withdrawal, which can lead to further drug use. Addiction is the compulsive use of a substance or performance of a behavior that is independent of withdrawal. Addiction can occur in the absence of dependence, and dependence can occur in the absence of addiction, although the two often occur together.
Ndugu zangu
Kwenye jukwaa hili nimeshuhudia hadithi na mikasa mingi watu waliyokutana nayo kabla na hata baada ya kujiunga mtandao huu mwaka 2014 hivyo kwanza nijipongeze kwa kufikisha miaka 10 kwenye hili jukwaa na miaka yangu hii kumi napenda kutoa stori fupi ya maisha yangu ambayo ni ya...
Simu ni Kifaa muhimu cha mawasiliano kwa binadamu yeyote lakini haitakiwi kuwa sehemu ya mwili wako kiasi cha kukufanya uwe kama mtumwa kifaa hicho.
Wataalaamu wa Saikolojia wanasema, ukitaka kubaini kama umepata Uraibu (Addiction) ya matumizi ya Simu, anza kuangalia ni kwa muda gani unaweza...
Asalaam Aleikum,
Ukweli ni kwamba wengi wetu siku hizi tulitokea kuvipenda sana vinywaji hivi vya energy drinks. Viko vingi na kila mtu ana brand yake anayeipenda, mimi binafsi Azam Energy ilinichanganya sana, But before I used to love Red Bull nadhani hata hizi local brand hazikuwepo pia...
Too much of something is harmful.
Ukishakuwa na uraibu wa ngono ina affect maisha yako katika nyanja za uchumi, afya, perception mbaya kutoka kwa jamii na afya ya mahusiano hususani ndoa.
Tofauti kuwa wanaume ndio tunaonekana wapenda ngono sana ila Sex addict anaweza kuwa ni mwanamke pia...
- Kuna watu hata wateswe mara ngapi na mapenzi, hata waachwe mara ngapi, wao kila siku wanapenda tena watu wapya.
- Kuna wengine, hawawezi kuishi bila kufanya mapenzi na (hawajaoa wala kuolewa).
- Wengine kuwa na mpenzi mmoja tu hawawezi, yaani mpaka awe na wengi ndIo anajskia yupo kwenye...
Ni ndugu yangu mwenye miaka 26, kamaliza chuo mwaka juzi.
Hapo zamani mara kwa mara alikuwa akiniomba pesa za kutatua shida zake, hizi elfu 20 nimemtumia sana.
Nikaona isiwe taabu, kitu anachoomba ni kama samaki naowavua basi nayeye nimpe ndoano awe anajivulia, Tulikaa chini pamoja nikamuuliza...
Maziwa ya mgando kwangu ni kama mboga za majani, chakula hakishuki bila mtindi
Kwa siku lazima nitumie gb 2 hadi 3, nazitumia kucheki youtube, netfllx, video calls, backups, updates, n.k. jf inatumia data kidogo sana
Sigara iliwahi kuwa kama ibada kwangu, nashukuru nimeacha
Soma itakusaidia namna ya kuzuia watoto au wapendwa wako wasiingie katika janga hili. Karibu 🙏
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A Gift Called Life: My Journey From Heroin Addiction To Recovery
Joining a rehab was the best decision I ever took.
I had always said that I would never use drugs. Looking back, I did everything...
Habariiii viongozi baada ya kufikiria kwa sana nataka kuanzisha tovuti ambako watu wenye addiction mbalimbali watakutana na kujadili nini cha kufanya hasa kwa lugha yetu hadhimu
Addiction kama
1.punyeto
2.ulevi
3.uvutaji sigara
4.kuangalia porn
5.uvivu
6.kuwaza ngono all time(uzinzi)
N.k...
Hii inasaidia sana kuwa productive na kuweza kufocus na mambo muhimu badala ya kukesha instagram au ukicheza candy crush saga.
Ingia settings
bofya screen time
turn on screen time kama hujawasha
bofya App limits
bofya add limits
chagua application yako
kisha set muda wako unaotaka utumie hiyo...
Watu wanasema mficha maradhi kifoo huumbua ..mwanzo nilijua ni mihemko tu ya ujana na umri utakavyozidi kwenda mambo yatakuwa tofauti lkn sasa umri umeenda na kasi imekuwa n 5G,hii kitu ni balaa n zaidi ya njaa na kiu.
Na si kwamba natembea na wanaume hovyo hapana ila huyo mmja niliye nae huwa...
Nina ndugu yangu alikuwa ameacha pombe kama miaka minne hivi iliyopita.
Sasa hizi sikukuu za juzi: Akaniambia: "Aisee, ngoja niinjoi kinywaji kuanzia krismasi mpaka mwaka mpya tu, halafu mambo yarejee kama awali."
Jamani, Leo hii (tarehe 15/1/2022) yuko kaunta ana bia ya nne! Jamani kuna...
INTRODUCTION
In a world of 7.9 billion people, there are about 4.48 billion social media users around the world in July 2021, equating to almost 57 percent of the total global population. That equates to annualised growth of 13.1 percent, or an average 16½ new users every single second.
THE...
Karibu rafiki yangu mpendwa kwenye makala hii ya ushauri wa changamoto zinazotuzuia kupiga hatua na kufanikiwa kwenye maisha.
Kwenye makala hii tunakwenda kujifunza jinsi ya kuondoka kwenye uraibu wa kucheza kamari au kama ilivyo maarufu kwa jina la betting.
Hii ni changamoto ambayo imekuwa...
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