Kuṭṭaka is an algorithm for finding integer solutions of linear Diophantine equations. A linear Diophantine equation is an equation of the form ax + by = c where x and y are unknown quantities and a, b, and c are known quantities with integer values. The algorithm was originally invented by the Indian astronomer-mathematician Āryabhaṭa (476–550 CE) and is described very briefly in his Āryabhaṭīya. Āryabhaṭa did not give the algorithm the name Kuṭṭaka, and his description of the method was mostly obscure and incomprehensible. It was Bhāskara I (c. 600 – c. 680) who gave a detailed description of the algorithm with several examples from astronomy in his Āryabhatiyabhāṣya, who gave the algorithm the name Kuṭṭaka. In Sanskrit, the word Kuṭṭaka means pulverization (reducing to powder), and it indicates the nature of the algorithm. The algorithm in essence is a process where the coefficients in a given linear Diophantine equation are broken up into smaller numbers to get a linear Diophantine equation with smaller coefficients. In general, it is easy to find integer solutions of linear Diophantine equations with small coefficients. From a solution to the reduced equation, a solution to the original equation can be determined. Many Indian mathematicians after Aryabhaṭa have discussed the Kuṭṭaka method with variations and refinements. The Kuṭṭaka method was considered to be so important that the entire subject of algebra used to be called Kuṭṭaka-ganita or simply Kuṭṭaka. Sometimes the subject of solving linear Diophantine equations is also called Kuṭṭaka.
In literature, there are several other names for the Kuṭṭaka algorithm like Kuṭṭa, Kuṭṭakāra and Kuṭṭikāra. There is also a treatise devoted exclusively to a discussion of Kuṭṭaka. Such specialized treatises are very rare in the mathematical literature of ancient India. The treatise written in Sanskrit is titled Kuṭṭākāra Śirōmaṇi and is authored by one Devaraja.The Kuṭṭaka algorithm has much similarity with and can be considered as a precursor of the modern day extended Euclidean algorithm. The latter algorithm is a procedure for finding integers x and y satisfying the condition ax + by = gcd(a, b).
Juzi kati niliona kuna Mdau amelalamika kuwa kuna kampuni imekuwa ikimtumia ujumbe na wakati mwingine kumpigia kwamba wanataka kununua mkopo wake uliosalia kutoka Bosi ya Mikopoy a Wanafunzi wa Elimu ya Juu (HESLB), sasa nami nimeona niweke hapa kero yangu inayoendana na hiyo.
Kuna hii kampuni...
Anonymous (f836)
Thread
heslb
hii
kampuni
kununua
kutaka
mimi
mkopo
wakati
wangu
wiki
1. Hatari ya silaha za nyuklia
Marekani inaona mpango wa nyuklia wa Iran kama tishio kubwa—inamshutumu Iran kutaka kujenga silaha za nyuklia (na wakati huo Iran inasema ni kwa matumizi ya amani tu). Marekani inadai inataka kuzuia Iran isipate uwezo wa nyuklia kamili kwa maana ya tishio la...
Aman iwe watumishi wa MUNGU katika KRISTO YESU
Kuna mwanamke mmoja hapa mjini posta huwa nampenda sana, kwa kifupi siyo level yangu kwa kweli ni mzuri sana na ni wa kishua kwa kifupi ana maisha
Lakin ndugu zangu Kuna siku niliamua nimtongoze huyu dada akawa amenikataa, nikarudia tena...
Tumechoshwa sana na mizigo mingi na mikubwa tuliyolimbikiziwa wananchi
1. Kodi ya aridhi
2. Kodi ya majengo
3. Lesen
4.kodi kwenye luku
5. Kodi ya miamala ya fedha
6.kodi ya mizani
7.kodi ya ya mafremu
8.kodi ya maegesho
10.kodi ya biashara
11.kodi kibali cha...
Suala la bunge kutaka kumsifia rais linaonesha bunge limegeuka kuwa wasemaji wa rais badala ya wananchi.
Ni bunge haramu hilo linaenda kinyume na makusudi ya kuundwa kwake ni wawakilishi wa wananchi sio wa rais.
Hii ndio shida ya kuwaingiza mbumbumbu bungeni hawajui wameenda kufanya nini...
Hoja ya bunge kutaka kumsifia rais halina msingi wowote wala faida kwa wananchi na linaegemea maslahi ya mtu mmoja yasiyo na maana.
Hizi ndio baba wa taifa anaziita siasa za kimalaya, bunge Tuacheni siasa za kimalaya kusifia mtu hakuwezi kuleta maendeleo kwa wananchi na kuwaondoa kwenye...
Mtu amesoma na ana Phd lakini anaingilia suala ambalo lina mkataba kisheria.
Kama muwekezaji ameingia kima kosa basi halmashauri au waliofunga nae mkataba wauvunje kama kweli ni voidable contract.
Sasa habari ya kutaka upewwa maelezo kibabe mbele ya kamera ya nini? Wewe sio sehemu ya mkataba...
Tayari Manowari za Kivita zenye ndege za kutosha, zimeaanza kuelekea Middle East
Nimesoma source moja, hadi ndege zinazojaza mafuta ndege nyingine angani zimeshasogezwa hapo Middleeast
Kifupi RUSSIA kawasaliti allied wake wote VENEZUELA, CUBA na IRAN.
Sijui Viongozi wa Afrika wanakubaligi...
Mtu mwenye matatizo ya akili akisikia mahali kuna ajari anapata furaha moyoni. Akisikia wamekufa wachache au hakuna maiti kwenye ajari hiyo basi moyo wake hupoteza furaha.
Akisikia Iran kuna vita anapata raha sana.
Mostly ya watu ambao wanajifanya kuchukizwa na mauaji ya October 29 -31 moyoni...
Wafanyabiashara wa soko la mabibo wafunguka kutukanwa na Mkuu wa mkoa wa Dar es Salaam mbele ya Waziri Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya muungano wa Tanzania Dkt Mwigulu Nchemba.
Turudi nyuma tukio la lissu kupigwa risasi eneo wanapoishi wabunge.CCTv zote ziliondolewa na kulikuwa hakuna usajili.
Nilichogundua sehemu zita kazokuwa na CCTv wakifanya utekaji wao wataweza kuzibiti taarifa na kukanusha kama hakuna tukio.
Na huu usajili utaweza kujua jirani ,location na wapi...
KUTOKA kwa Hilda Newton
Baada ya kuona watu wamegoma kwenda kutoa maoni sasa wameanza kufuata watu inbox.
Mnataka watu waje kutoa maoni ili mumsaidie Idd Amin Mama kujua mashaidi ambao anajua wataenda kumkaanga ICC ili awamalize kabla kesi haijaanza.
Kwanza si Idd Amin Mama keshawambia...
Rais Samia alisema akiwa anawahutubia wazee wa Dar. Kuwa tar 29 oktoba kuna watu walipanga kuangusha dola. Ndio maana nguvu kubwa ikatumika kuua watu wasio na hatia.
Nani anataka kuchukua kiti cha urais kupitia Gen z?
Je , haya yanayonukia sio mapinduzi kama ya Cuba ili kuondo mafisadi...
Kwanini Mwanaccm Samia Suluhu Hassan kabadilli gia angani na kutaka kamati mpya ya Uchunguzi?
Kwani ile ya kwanza nani aliiunda? Asiongeze watu, bali aivunje kabisa.
Wakuu,
Tujikumbushe kidogo wakati Rais Samia akiwa Mgombea Urais wa Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) katika ufunguzi wa Kampeni kitaifa uliofanyika Jijini Dar es Salaam katika viwanja vya Kawe, alizungumzia Sera zake na mambo atakayotimiza kwa wananchi ndani ya siku 100.
Soma GE2025 - Ahadi za...
Kosa la uhaini uhusisha nia, kujaribu, hata kutenda kitendo cha kutaka kuiangusha serikali. Sasa najiuliza na kushangaa. Ni serikali gani iliyokuwa 'ipinduliwe' wakati uchaguzi wa kuchagua watakaounda serikali na mihimili yake ndo walikuwa bado kuchaguliwa? Huu ni ujanja au uzwazwa wa watawala...
Nimeona watu wengi wakitamka kuwa Mungu atalipa kwa yaliyotokea baada ya uhalifu uliofanyika. Mimi kama mkristo ninayeijua biblia vizuri niwakumbushe tu kuwa waliofanya uhalifu kuanzia siku ya uchaguzi ni kuwa Mungu pia hafurahishwi na huo upuuzi. Mungu hutoa adhabu kali sana kwa watu kama hao...
JamiiForums uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.