Tujifunze Practical electronics AND gate,NOT gate na NAND gate

Transistor

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1. NOT gate

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Ni kifaa cha kielectronics kitumikacho katika mifumo ya kidigitali ambacho hutoa matokeo kinyume na yale kinayo pokea.

TAMBUA

Kiwango cha umeme unao tumika kutengeneza mifumo ya utambulisho ya kidigitali huanzia 0DC voltage hadi 5DC voltage

Katika digital electronics voltage iliyo chini ya 0.5v hutambulika na kifaa cha kidigitali kama ZERO (0) au (- negative) au FALSE

Na umeme unao kuwa zaidi ya 0.5Voltage hadi 5Voltage hutambulika kama ONE(1) au (+ positive) au TRUE
Hivyo katika NOT gate kama umeme unoingia ni POSITIVE unao toka utakua NEGATIVE

Vivyo hivyo kama utakao ingia utakua NEGATIVE utakao toka utakua NEGATIVE

Alama ya NOT gate hii hapa



Na hivi ndivyo inavyo geuza input zake



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TRUTH TABLE ya NOT gate hii hapa​
[TABLE="class: MsoTableGrid"]
[TR]
[TD]
INPUT​
A​
[/TD]
[TD]
OUTPUT​
NOT A​
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD]
0​
[/TD]
[TD="width: 141"]
1​
[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 141"]
1​
[/TD]
[TD="width: 141"]
0​
[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
​
2.AND gate

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Hiki pia ni kifaa cha digital electronics ambacho kina TWO inputs ambazo ni (A and B),lakini kina ONE output.

Kutokana na vigezo vya kidigitali kifaa hiki huhitaji input zake zote mbili ziwe TRUE (positive)
Ndipo output yake pia itakua TRUE (positive).

Ikitokea input moja wapo ikwa FALSE hata kama input nyingine ni TRUE basi output yake pia itakua FALSE

Pia kama input zote zitakua FALSE basi output yake itakuwa FALSE pia.
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Alama yake hii hapa chini


Na hivi ndivyo inavyo zigeuza input zake


Tazama truth table yake hii hapa chini


​
[TABLE="class: MsoTableGrid"]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2"] INPUT[/TD]
[TD] OUTPUT[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD] A[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] B[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] A AND B[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"]0[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"]0[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] 0[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] 1[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
​



3.NAND gate

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Hiki ni kifaa cha digital Electronics chenye muunganiko wa mifumo mikuu miwili yaani ule wa AND gate pamoja na NOT gate.

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Muundo wa kifaa hiki ni kwamba AND gate inaanza kupokea taarifa baada ya AND gate

kutafsiri ile taarifa;tafsiri hiyo hupokelewa na NOT gate na na kutafsiriwa mara ya pili Tafsiri ya NOT gate katika mfumo huu ndio huwa tafsiri ipokelewayo(output).

Alama ya NAND gate hii hapa


​

Tazama ufanyaji wa kazi wa NAND gate hapa chini.​



​
Tazama truth table yake hii hapa chini


[TABLE="class: MsoTableGrid"]
[TR]
[TD="colspan: 2"] INPUT[/TD]
[TD] OUTPUT[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD] A[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] B[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] A NAND B[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] 1[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] 1[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"]0[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"] 1[/TD]
[/TR]
[TR]
[TD="width: 58"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 66"] 1[/TD]
[TD="width: 124"]0[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]
​

MATUMIZI YA KIVITENDO YA NAND gate KATIKA DUNIA HARISI

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Kuna vifaa tofauti tofauti vimetengenezwa ambavyo ni NAND gate;kwa upande wangu nitaangalia kifaa ambacho kinapatikana sana hapa kwetu Tanzania kifaa hiki ambacho ni NAND gate ni CD4011
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Vifaa vinavyo weza kutengenezwa na NAND gate

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Ukiwa na uelewa mzuri wa NAND gates unaweza ukabuni fifaa vingi vya kielectronics.

Ngoja tuangalie kifaa kimojawapo kinachoweza kuundwa na NAND gates kwa kutumia CD4011.


TOUCH SWITCH


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Kifaa hiki hutumika sana katika kuunda security system hasa za magari,mfano pale mtu anapo ligusa gari ambalo my amepaki na kuli-rock.Gari hilo likiguswa huanza kupiga king'ora,Kati ya mifumo iliyopo pia kunakuwa na mifumo ya NAND gates ndani yake inayo wezesha tendo hilo.
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Tazama sakiti hii hapa chini

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Katika saketi hii CD4011 imeungwa kwa mfumo wa flip-flop(tutakuja kujifunza hapo baadae)
​
Mguu wa 9 unatumika kupanga tendo(set) mguu wa 13 unatumika kupangua tendo(reset)


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Mguu wa 9 na wa 13 imeungwa katiaka positive kwa kupitia resistor ya R1 na R2,kwasababu hiyo miguu hiyo kwakua inapokea positive yote itakuwa katika state ya TRUE( 1 )


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Ikitokea point A na B zimeguswa geti litafungwa na output itakuwa FALSE( 0 )​
Hali hii itasababisha Transistor Q1 ijiwashe hivyo kuwasha Relay na kupelekea tendo flani kufanyika kama vile kupiga kelele,kuwaha taa n.k​

Pale ambapo point C na D zikiguswa gate itakuwa TRUE ( 1) na kuzalisha positive ambayo itapelekea Transistor Q1 kujizima kwasababu yenyewe ikipokea positive charge katika base ina ji-tun off.
Transistor ikizima hata relay itajizima hivyo tendo lililokuwa linafanyika lita simama.


Hali hiyo itakuwa endelevu.
 
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