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SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking
island nation in the
Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of
Central Africa. It consists of two
archipelagos around the two main islands:
São Tomé and
Príncipe, located about 140 kilometres (87 mi) apart and about 250 and 225 kilometres (155 and 140 mi), respectively, off the northwestern coast of
Gabon. Both islands are part of an extinct
volcanic mountain range. São Tomé, the sizable southern island, is situated just north of the
equator. It was named in honour of
Saint Thomas by
Portuguese explorers who arrived at the island on his
feast day.
With a population of 163,000 (2010), São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest African country (
Seychelles being the smallest). It is the smallest country in the world in terms of population that is not a former
British overseas territory, a former United States
trusteeship, or one of the
European microstates.[SUP]
[citation needed][/SUP] It is also the smallest
Portuguese-speaking country.
Cape Verde
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cape Verde 
[SUP]
i[/SUP]
/ˌkeɪp ˈvɜrd/ (
Portuguese:
Cabo Verde,
pronounced: [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the
Republic of Cape Verde, is an
island country, spanning an
archipelago of 10 islands located in the central
Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of
Western Africa. The islands, covering a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi), are of volcanic origin and while three of them (
Sal,
Boa Vista and
Maio) are fairly flat, sandy and dry, the remaining ones are generally rockier and have more vegetation. However, because of infrequent rainfall, the islands are not particularly green.
The Cape Verde archipelago is located in the
Atlantic Ocean, approximately 570 kilometres (350 mi) off the coast of West Africa, near
Mauritania and
Senegal, and is part of the
Macaronesia ecoregion. It lies between latitudes
14° and
18°N, and longitudes
22° and
26°W.
The country is a horseshoe-shaped cluster of ten islands (nine inhabited) and eight islets,[SUP]
[10][/SUP] that constitute an area of 4033 km².[SUP]
[10][/SUP]
The name of the country stems from the nearby
Cap Vert, on the
Senegalese coast,[SUP]
[5][/SUP] which in its turn was originally named "Cabo Verde" when it was sighted by Portuguese explorers in 1444, a few years before the islands were discovered (
verde is
Portuguese for "green").
The previously
uninhabited islands were discovered and
colonized by the
Portuguese in the 15th Century, and became important in the
Atlantic slave trade for their location. The islands' prosperity often attracted
privateers and
pirates, including
Sir Francis Drake, a
corsair (privateer) under the
authority of the British crown, who twice sacked the (then) capital
Ribeira Grande, in the 1580s. The islands were also visited by
Charles Darwin's expedition in 1832. The decline in the slave trade in the 19th century resulted in an economic crisis for the islands. With few natural resources, and without strong sustainable investment from the Portuguese, the citizens grew increasingly discontent with the colonial masters, who nevertheless refused to provide the local authorities with more autonomy. This discontent festered and culminated in 1975, when a movement originally led by
Amílcar Cabral (who was assassinated on 20 January 1973) then passed onto his half-brother
Luís Cabral, achieved independence for the archipelago.
The country has an estimated population (most of
creole ethnicity) of about 500,000, with its capital city
Praia accounting for a quarter of its citizens. Nearly 38% of the population lives in rural areas according to the 2010 Cape Verdean census; about 20% lives below the
poverty threshold,[SUP]
[6][/SUP] and the literacy rate is around 85%. Politically, the country is a very stable democracy, with notable economic growth and improvements of living conditions despite its lack of natural resources, and has garnered
international recognition by other countries and international organizations, which often provide
development aid. Since 2007, Cape Verde has been classified as a
developing nation.
Tough economic times during the last decades of its colonization and the first years of Cape Verde's independence led many to migrate to Europe, the Americas and other African countries. This migration was so significant that the number of Cape Verdeans and their descendants living abroad currently exceeds the population of Cape Verde itself. Historically, the influx of
remittances from these
immigrant communities to their families has provided a substantial contribution to help strengthen the country's economy. Currently, the Cape Verdean economy is mostly service-oriented with a growing focus on tourism and foreign investment, which benefits from the islands' warm climate throughout the year, diverse landscape, welcoming people[SUP]
[citation needed][/SUP] and cultural wealth, especially in
music..................
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