Gravity ni Nini? Imetokea Wapi?

[Marco Seth]

God In his Creation
Created Gravitational Force

Gravitational force is the fundamental force of nature that cause objects with to attract each other
According to Universal law of Gravitation
State that

The Universal Law of Gravitation, also known as Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, states that every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Mathematically, this is expressed as:
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2



Where is origin of gravity?
According to Einstein’s theory of relativity
Gravity is a result of mass warping the fabric of space time
massive objects like Stars , Planets creates their own gravitational field which affects motion of other Bodies

When a massive object warp fabric of space time it create curvature of space time

Curvature of space time inakuwa hivi

Small objects fall toward Earth by following path of curvature of space time formed on Earth

Kama hujaelewa kuhusu Curvature of space time
Kuna huu Mfano
When river flows and encounter a rock
The flow will curve around it

It’s same to objects on Earth they fall as they follow path of curvature of space time


Wanaosema Kwamba Yesu alipaa
Alivunja laws of Gravity
Inakuwa hivi
Mungu aliumba vitu kwa kanuni
Laws and principles alizoweka hapa Duniani
Yeye anauweza mkubwa hamna kinacho mlimit
For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, saith the LORD.
[Isaiah 55:8]

 

[Jasmoni Tegga]

You've not touched the real gist of the question yet.

What's the beginning of everything?

Kwa mujibu wa sayansi, mwanzo kabisa huko kitambo hakukuwepo chochote - chochote kabisa - halafu ghafla, BOOM!!! Vitu vikatokea kusikokuwepo chochote!

Kutoka wapi???

Swali linazidi kuzaa swali gumu zaidi.

 

[Fbn]

mbona imewekwa kwenye jukwaa la siasa ina maana mods kasoma hkl

 

[The celebrity]

HISTORY OF GRAVITY: WHY THINGS FALL?

Tunaishi chini ya ushawishi wa gravity kila sekunde.
Unapodondosha simu, inashuka chini. Unaporuka, unarudi ardhini.
Mwezi unazunguka Dunia. Dunia inazunguka Jua. Lakini swali ni:

GRAVITY NI NINI HASA?

Jibu la swali hili limebadilika sana katika historia ya binadamu.

Kutoka kwa Aristotle → Galileo → Newton → Einstein → hadi kwenye utafutaji wa Quantum Gravity.

Hebu turudi nyuma

1. ARISTOTLE : VITU VINAENDA KWENYE MAHALI PAKE (Natural Positions)
Karibu miaka 2,300 iliyopita, mwanafalsafa wa Kigiriki Aristotle alikuwa na wazo tofauti kabisa na tunalojua leo. Aligawanya ulimwengu katika elements kama:

1. Earth
2. Water
3. Air
4. Fire

Kwa mtazamo wake, kila kitu kilikuwa na “natural place” yake.

•Earth na Water vilikuwa na tabia ya kwenda chini.

•Air na Fire vilikuwa na tabia ya kwenda juu.

Kwa hiyo jiwe linapoanguka, Aristotle hakusema kuna “force” fulani isiyoonekana inayolivuta.
Alisema kuwa;

Jiwe linaenda kwenye natural place yake.

Tatizo?
Theory hii haikueleza vizuri kwa nini vitu vinaanguka kwa namna tunayoiona katika majaribio.

Hapo ndipo mtu mwingine akaanza kuhoji…

2. GALILEO: EXPERIMENT
Karne nyingi baadaye, Galileo Galilei akaanza kutumia kitu ambacho kingebadilisha kabisa physics:

EXPERIMENT.

Swali lake lilikuwa rahisi:
Je, kitu kizito kinaanguka haraka kuliko kitu chepesi?
Mtazamo wa zamani ungeweza kukufanya uamini kuwa object nzito lazima ianguke haraka zaidi.

Galileo akaonyesha kwamba, tukipuuzia air resistance, objects huanguka kwa acceleration ileile.

Karibu na surface ya Dunia:
g ≈ 9.8 m/s²

Hii ina maana kwamba object inayofall freely inaongezewa velocity kwa takriban 9.8 m/s kila sekunde. Hapa ndipo tunapoanza kuondoka kwenye:

“Vitu vinaenda kwenye natural place yao.”

na kuingia kwenye:

“Motion inaweza kuelezwa mathematically.”

Lakini bado kulikuwa na swali kubwa:
Ni nini kinachosababisha hiyo acceleration?

3. NEWTON: APPLE NA MOON ZINAONGIZWA NA KITU KIMOJA.
Karne ya 17 akaja Isaac Newton.
Na hapa ndipo historia ya gravity ilipata revolution kubwa sana. Newton aliuliza swali la ajabu:
Je, nguvu inayofanya apple ianguke ndiyo hiyo hiyo inayoshikilia Moon kwenye orbit yake?

Jibu lake lilikuwa: YES.
Newton alianzisha Universal Law of Gravitation:

F = G(Mm/r²)

Maana yake ni kwamba kila object yenye mass huvutana na object nyingine yenye mass.
Dunia inakuvuta. wewe pia unaivuta Dunia.
Tofauti ni kwamba mass ya Dunia ni kubwa sana, hivyo acceleration yake kutokana na wewe ni ndogo sana kiasi kwamba huwezi kuiona.

4. NEWTON ALIFANYA KITU KIKUBWA SANA
Kabla ya Newton, kulikuwa na tofauti kubwa kati ya Physics ya vitu vilivyo Duniani na Physics ya vitu vya angani.
Newton akasema:Hapana.

Apple linaloanguka na Moon inayozunguka Dunia vinaweza kuelezwa na law moja ya nature.

Hii ilikuwa moja ya moments kubwa zaidi katika historia ya science. Gravity ikawa: UNIVERSAL. Lakini kulikuwa na tatizo…

5. GRAVITY INAFIKISHWAJE KUTOKA KWENYE JUA HADI DUNIANI?
Fikiria Jua na Dunia. kati yao ni takriban km milioni 150.
Newton’s equation inasema kwamba Jua na Dunia zinavutana. Lakini: How?
Nini kinapitisha hiyo gravitational interaction kutoka Jua hadi Dunia?
Newton aliweza kueleza how much gravity iko. Lakini hakuweza kueleza kikamilifu:
WHAT gravity actually IS.
Na hilo swali lilibaki kwa zaidi ya miaka 200.

6. EINSTEIN: GRAVITY SI FORCE?
Karne ya 20 akaja mtu ambaye alibadilisha kabisa namna tunavyofikiria kuhusu gravity:

ALBERT EINSTEIN.
Einstein aligundua kwamba kuna kitu cha ajabu sana kuhusu gravity.
Fikiria uko ndani ya elevator. Elevator ikianza kuaccelerate kwenda juu, unaweza kujisikia kama gravity imeongezeka. Sasa fikiria elevator hiyo iko angani, mbali na planets.
Ikiaccelerate kwenda juu kwa acceleration fulani, unaweza kujisikia kama unasimama kwenye floor yenye gravity. Einstein akaona connection hii:

ACCELERATION NA GRAVITY ZINAWEZA KUWA KAWAIDA KWA OBSERVER WA NDANI.

Hii ikawa msingi wa: EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE
Na kutoka hapa Einstein akaanza kujenga theory mpya ya gravity.

7. 1915 — GENERAL RELATIVITY
Einstein akaja na General Theory of Relativity.
Hapa gravity haikuelezwa tena kama force ya kawaida inayovuta objects.
Badala yake:
MASS AND ENERGY CURVE SPACETIME.

Na objects husafiri ndani ya hiyo curved spacetime. Kwa maneno maarufu:

Matter tells spacetime how to curve, and spacetime tells matter how to move.

Kwa hiyo Dunia haizunguki Jua kwa sababu kuna “rope” isiyoonekana inayolivuta. Dunia inafuata trajectory ndani ya curved spacetime iliyoundwa na mass-energy ya Jua.

8. GRAVITY SI SPACE PEKE YAKE — HATA TIME INAHUSIKA
Hapa ndipo General Relativity inakuwa fascinating zaidi. Einstein alionyesha kwamba gravity inaweza kuathiri: TIME.

Clock iliyo karibu zaidi na massive object inaweza kwenda polepole zaidi ikilinganishwa na clock iliyo mbali zaidi. Hii inaitwa:

Gravitational Time Dilation.

Na hii si science fiction. Relativistic time corrections ni muhimu katika technology kama GPS. Kwa hiyo gravity si tu kitu kinachobadilisha movement ya objects. Inahusiana na:

space + time = spacetime.

9. BLACK HOLES
General Relativity ilitabiri possibility ya regions ambazo spacetime imecurve kwa kiwango kikubwa sana. Hizi ndizo tunazoita: BLACK HOLES

Kuna boundary inayojulikana kama: EVENT HORIZON

Ukivuka event horizon ya black hole, hakuna trajectory ya kawaida inayokupeleka nje tena. Na katikati, classical General Relativity inatabiri kitu kinachoitwa: SINGULARITY.

Lakini hapa ndipo tatizo jipya linapoanza. Kwa sababu physics yetu ina theories mbili kubwa:

General Relativity → inaeleza gravity na spacetime.

Quantum Mechanics → inaeleza ulimwengu wa vitu vidogo (microscopic) Na hazijaunganishwa kikamilifu.

10. EINSTEIN ALITABIRI GRAVITATIONAL WAVES
Kama spacetime inaweza kuwa curved… basi mabadiliko katika hiyo curvature yanaweza kusafiri kupitia universe. Hizi zinaitwa: GRAVITATIONAL WAVES

Fikiria black holes mbili kubwa zikizunguka kila mmoja. Spacetime yenyewe inaweza kubeba disturbance (Waves) inayosafiri outward. Einstein alitabiri possibility hii mwaka 1916. Lakini detection yake ilichukua karibu miaka 100. Mwaka 2015, detectors za LIGO zilifanikiwa kugundua gravitational waves kutoka kwenye merger ya black holes (Black holes mbili zilizoungana.

Hii ilikuwa moment muhimu sana. Tulikuwa tunapima: RIPPLE IN SPACETIME ITSELF. Kwa maana fulani, universe ilikuwa imetupa njia mpya ya “kuisikia.”

11. LAKINI SASA TUNAKUTANA NA TATIZO KUBWA ZAIDI
General Relativity inafanya kazi vizuri sana katika:

*Planets
*Stars
*Black holes
*Galaxies
*Gravitational waves

Quantum mechanics inafanya kazi vizuri sana katika:

*Atoms
*Particles
*Quantum fields

Lakini tunapofika kwenye mazingira kama: CENTER OF BLACK HOLE au VERY EARLY UNIVERSE tunakuwa na situation ambapo:

Quantum effects + extreme gravity

zinakuwa muhimu kwa wakati mmoja. Na theories zetu hazijaunganishwa kikamilifu.

HAPA NDIPO “QUANTUM GRAVITY” INAINGIA:
Physicists wanatafuta theory ambayo inaweza kueleza gravity katika quantum level.

Kuna approaches mbalimbali kama:

🔹 String Theory
🔹 Loop Quantum Gravity
🔹 Holographic approaches
🔹 Emergent Gravity
🔹 na ideas nyingine nyingi.

Lakini mpaka sasa hakuna theory moja ya quantum gravity ambayo imepewa confirmation ya moja kwa moja ya majaribio.

Na leo tunauliza swali ambalo ni deeper zaidi: JE GRAVITY NI FUNDAMENTAL?

Au…
Je gravity yenyewe inaweza kuwa phenomenon inayotokea kutokana na kitu cha msingi zaidi?
Labda:

1. Quantum information
2. Entanglement
3. Spacetime microstructure
4. Au physics ambayo bado hatujaigundua.

Hatujui bado.