Africa history made (Marejeo)

Africa history made (Marejeo)

Sarah Baartman: Mwanamke aliyepelekwa Ulaya kuonyeshwa kama kivutio
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Nkrumah wanted a wife from Egypt. So he sent a friend to Cairo to find one.

Fathia Rizk, a Coptic teacher who had moved to a job at a bank, made the final shortlist. Her mother refused to bless the match. Fathia went anyway. She flew to Accra and married Ghana's prime minister at Christiansborg Castle on New Year's Eve 1957, shortly after landing. By most accounts they had never met before. She spoke no English. He spoke no Arabic.

Ghana's weavers answered with a kente pattern: Fathia Fata Nkrumah, Fathia deserves Nkrumah.

After the coup of 1966 the same pattern was renamed: One man does not rule a nation. When his reputation recovered, the old name came back.

Fathia died in Cairo in 2007. As she had asked, she was buried beside her husband in Accra.

The photo shows her on the left, with W. E. B. Du Bois and Nkrumah in Accra on 23 February 1963.

Would you marry someone you had never met?

Photo: unknown photographer, 1963, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Sources: The Nation; The World (PRX), 10 March 2017.

#history #nkrumah #ghana #forgottenhistory
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A crowd knocked the head off his statue in 1966. Someone kept it hidden for 43 years.

Kwame Nkrumah led Ghana to independence, then made himself president for life. When the army took power, he was in Beijing. He never came home. In 2009 a supporter brought the bronze head back, and Ghana decided not to put it back on.

Images: Fquasie (CC BY-SA 4.0), Emkamau (CC BY-SA 4.0), Sir Amugi (CC BY-SA 4.0), The National Archives UK (Open Government Licence v1.0); CC0 photos by Brans Wyte GH and Anefo; public domain photos and Universal Newsreels archive film (1957), via Wikimedia Commons. Music: Mozart, Lacrimosa, piano arrangement by Thalberg (CC BY-SA 4.0). Contains realistic AI-generated scenes (the statue being pulled down, the fallen statue, a museum storeroom, Nkrumah reading the news in Beijing recreated from archive photos, a coffin in Conakry, a head unwrapped from a cloth). They are illustrations, not photographs.

Should Ghana put the head back on?

#history #ghana #nkrumah
 
Je, umewahi kuisikia nyimbo ya “Kwa Waing’a”?
Haikuwa tu wimbo wa dini — ulikuwa ni ujanja wa kufunika ukweli.
Waing’a aliishi kwenye vilima vya Tumutumu,
mtu wa udongo na makaa yanayowaka,
Aliponya kupitia mizizi, moshi, na maombi.
Watu walikuja kutoka nchi za mbali hadi kwenye kibanda chake na kupata maponyo.
Waing’a hakuwa tu mponyaji —
alikuwa tishio kwa watawala.
Aliujua udongo vyema,
aliponya yale ambayo wengine waliyaogopa,
na alibeba aina ya hekima
ambayo isingeweza kutafsiriwa na kuwekwa kwenye maandiko matakatifu.
Kisha akaja mmisionari
— Arthur Ruffell Barlow —
aliyetumwa na Misheni ya Kanisa la Scotland.
Alimkuta mtu aliye kwenye misheni yake—misheni ya maisha yake.
Alijenga kibanda chake mahali ambapo angeweza kuona boma la Waing’a,
na punde si punde, magonjwa ya ajabu yakafuata —
ndui, matatizo ya wadudu (funza), na homa ambazo ardhi hiyo haikuwahi kuziona.
Walisema majivu ya Waing’a yasingeweza kuponya.
Lakini ukweli ni upi?
Magonjwa hayo yalikuja na mmisionari mwenyewe.
Mbinu ya kumfanya mponyaji aonekane hana nguvu,
ili kuwafanya watu wasahau nguvu zao wenyewe.
Maponyo ya Waing’a yaliacha ngozi ikiwa imepakwa majivu —
alama ya uzima.
Maponyo ya mmisionari yaliacha ngozi ikiwa rangi ya ufifiaji na nyororo —
Watu walipendelea hii ya mwisho.
Ndivyo hadithi ilivyoanza kupotoshwa.
Watu waliimba:
“Ndahunyukite ngiuma kwa Waing’a.”
“Nilikuwa na majivu mwilini nilipotoka nyumbani kwa Waing’a.”
Waliamini walikuwa wakiimba wimbo wa ukombozi…
lakini ulikuwa ni wimbo wa kwaheri —
uandishi wa taratibu wa upya kuhusu nani alikuwa mtakatifu, na nani hakuwa.
Na katika miaka iliyofuata,
minong’ono ilizidi kuwa mikubwa…
wimbo ulibadilisha maana…
na kwa namna fulani —
watu wa damu ya Waing’a mwenyewe walianza kumwita yeye kuwa ni ibilisi.
Kama wamisionari waliandika historia ya Afrika, ni nani atakayeandika sura ya Waing’a?

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In the 1970s, Ouagadougou had a band called Tout-a-Coup Jazz. Its guitarist was a young army officer named Thomas Sankara.

The singer was another officer, Blaise Compaore. The two were close friends. According to the band's co-founder, Abdoulaye Cisse, Sankara was the better musician and also wrote lyrics. Compaore mostly sang.

In 1983 the two friends took power together. Sankara became president, Compaore his right hand.

Four years later, in October 1987, Sankara was killed in a coup and Compaore took over. He ruled for 27 years. In 2022 a court convicted him, in his absence, of complicity in Sankara's murder.

Sankara never stopped playing. When he declared his wealth in 1987, the list began with his guitars.

The photo shows Thomas Sankara in 1987.

Can a friendship survive power?

Photo: The Militant, Sam Manuel, 1987, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Sources: Far Out Magazine; Pan African Music.

#history #sankara #burkinafaso #forgottenhistory
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October 1971. The Democratic Republic of the Congo disappears from the map. Mobutu Sese Seko renames it the Republic of Zaire.

The Congo River, one of the longest rivers in the world, becomes the Zaire River. The national currency, introduced a few years earlier, is already called the zaire.

So a citizen of Zaire could stand on the bank of the Zaire with a few zaires in his pocket.

The new name came from a Portuguese version of an old local word for river. Mobutu presented it as a return to African roots, part of his campaign of authenticity.

The name lasted as long as he did. When he was overthrown in 1997, the country became the Democratic Republic of the Congo again, and the river got its old name back.

The photo shows Kinshasa and the river in the 1980s.

Would you rename a whole country?

Photo: Zaire National Tourism Office, 1980s, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

#history #mobutu #zaire #forgottenhistory
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Leopoldville, 1957. A former post office clerk takes a new job. Patrice Lumumba becomes sales director for a brewery that wants more people in the capital to drink its Polar beer.

The job suits him. He travels the city, talks to people in bars and markets, and builds a network. The same year he helps found a political party, the Congolese National Movement.

In June 1960 the Congo becomes independent from Belgium. Lumumba, now 34, is its first prime minister.

He holds the office for less than three months. His government collapses in a crisis, and in January 1961 he is killed. One of the men who helped push him aside was a young army officer named Mobutu.

The photo shows Lumumba in Brussels in January 1960, at the talks on independence.

What do you think a salesman learns that a politician needs?

Photo: Harry Pot for Anefo, 1960, CC0, Nationaal Archief, via Wikimedia Commons. Sources: BlackPast; Africanews, 2022.

#history #lumumba #congo #forgottenhistory
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