V.V.U na Upimaji wake (Coincidences)

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Kwa swali a) sijalielewa but nitakupa jibu mtambuka.
Kuna vipimo vingi vya HIV, kuna ya kumpima virus RNA kabisa, mfano ni hicho cha kufanyia viral load. Hata hizo za antigen/antibody zipo tofauti tofauti. So Kama ni kipimo cha antibody, ni lazima mwili utengeneze antibody ili kipimo kijue kuwa unao. Ndio maana window period kuwepo, kipindi ambapo mwenye maambukizi anaonekana negative. Sababu ni Kwamba muda huo antibody haijafikia detectable level.
If you want to isolate virus then you will be forced to use another machine inayofanya PCR, hii hudetect RNA za virusi kwa process ndefu kidogo stepwise.

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Hustling said:
Kaveli vipi ulipata majibu???

Sent using Jamii Forums mobile app

To question c) hapo
Nishasema kuwa kuna type 2 za immunity, natural is non specific and antibody siyo natural, ni specific..

beric · Apr 28, 2019

For qn f) nitakuelekeza kwa kifupi.
Kipimo Hutoa majibu ya virus copies per certain milliliter of blood, it's an estimate of viral copies in each milliliter of blood. Not each virus copy is counted individually.
Now each virus ana sequence yake, na structure yake, so itatafuta sequence ya HIV virus tuu. Kuna aina nyingi za virus DNA viruses, RNA viruses, na hata hao DNA and RNA kuna wenye strand 2 na wenye strand moja. Each virus ana sequence yake. Na huyo HIV anapopimwa anapitia steps kibao ambapo utapata copy ya HIV tuu in the end.
It's kind of complicated but you can ask kama hujaelewa sehemu

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Prissillah said:
Nimekuelewaaaaaaaa sanaaaaa na hongeraaaa sanaaaa na ukwel n kwamba ukimwiiiii upooooo na unaua

Chief nilikuwa sijaisoma hii explanation nzuri.... good job

beric · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
Chief nilikuwa sijaisoma hii explanation nzuri.... good job

Ile explanation pale juu

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
Kwa swali a) sijalielewa but nitakupa jibu mtambuka.
Kuna vipimo vingi vya HIV, kuna ya kumpima virus RNA kabisa, mfano ni hicho cha kufanyia viral load. Hata hizo za antigen/antibody zipo tofauti tofauti. So Kama ni kipimo cha antibody, ni lazima mwili utengeneze antibody ili kipimo kijue kuwa unao. Ndio maana window period kuwepo, kipindi ambapo mwenye maambukizi anaonekana negative. Sababu ni Kwamba muda huo antibody haijafikia detectable level.
If you want to isolate virus then you will be forced to use another machine inayofanya PCR, hii hudetect RNA za virusi kwa process ndefu kidogo stepwise.

Bado jibu haliridhishi hata kidogo.. kama virus ya hiv haijawahi kuwa isolated.. una ushahidi gani kama RNA kutokana na PCR ni ya virus? Cell zote za viumbe hai ziko na RNAs, including cells za binadam..huu ni uongo mwingine ambao hauna hata chembe ya logic..
Kajipange upya

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
For qn f) nitakuelekeza kwa kifupi.
Kipimo Hutoa majibu ya virus copies per certain milliliter of blood, it's an estimate of viral copies in each milliliter of blood. Not each virus copy is counted individually.
Now each virus ana sequence yake, na structure yake, so itatafuta sequence ya HIV virus tuu. Kuna aina nyingi za virus DNA viruses, RNA viruses, na hata hao DNA and RNA kuna wenye strand 2 na wenye strand moja. Each virus ana sequence yake. Na huyo HIV anapopimwa anapitia steps kibao ambapo utapata copy ya HIV tuu in the end.
It's kind of complicated but you can ask kama hujaelewa sehemu

Usijifiche kwenye complexity ya process.. elezea step by step.. maana hapo lazima tu utabambwa..

So far genome ya hiv haijulikani.. na hata protocol ya kufanya isolation na purification haipo. Ikiwa virus wa polio walipogundulika waliweza kuwafanyia utambuzi na isolation na purification na hatimaye ikatafitiwa chanjo.. tatizo ni nini hadi hiv asifanyiwe kama polio? Halafu viruses kama walivyo pathogens wengine.. lazima wasababishe specific ailment.. unakuwa hujatumia logic kudanganya ukisema hiv anasababisha magonjwa 29+.. magonjwa ambayo kwanza yamekuwepo enzi na enzi hata kabla ya hiv kujulikana..

Njii hii buana!

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

La Pronto said:
Me wazaz wangu wote walikufa na HIV aids afu tena kwa kuteseka ile miaka ya tisini, alafu leo mnasema ni "hoax".....mwanichanganya!!!!!!

Ndo hivyo.. ni hoax.. pole sana mkuu kwa kufiwa na wazazi. Unaweza kueleza specific ni ugonjwa upi uliwaua? Hapa namaanisha magonjwa kama diarrhea.. TB.. malaria or diabetes au cancer?

Ambacho watu wanashindwa kuelewa ni kwamba mwili wa binadam ukishambuliwa na ugonjwa, basi mwili wenyewe hutokeza viashiria (markers) kuwa kuna tatizo. Katika hali ya kushambuliwa kwa mwili.. mtu anaenda hospital.. badala ya kupima specific ailment wanapima hiv.. kwa hiyo tatizo ka msingi linakuwa misdiagnosed.. anapewa arv badala ya dawa ya tatizo husika. Eventually huyo victim lazima aage dunia.

Siyo siri kwamba mifumo ya huduma za afya ili collapse hadi mwisho kwa nchi hizi maskini maana bill ya afya ilizidi mapato ya nchi na mwananchi mmoja mmoja. Magonjwa mengi tena ya kutisha yakakosa wataalam, vifaa tiba, elimu na dawa stahiki..tena kwa muda mrefu kwa hiyo miaka ya tisini ndo impact ikaanza kuonekana wazi. Kufa kufaana ndo maana wajanja wakaingilia kati kupiga pesa.. na walipiga kweli kweli

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Capital said:
Bado jibu haliridhishi hata kidogo.. kama virus ya hiv haijawahi kuwa isolated.. una ushahidi gani kama RNA kutokana na PCR ni ya virus? Cell zote za viumbe hai ziko na RNAs, including cells za binadam..huu ni uongo mwingine ambao hauna hata chembe ya logic..
Kajipange upya

I said sequence and who told you it cannot be isolated alikudanganya. It is not stable when isolated

beric · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
I said sequence and who told you it cannot be isolated alikudanganya. It is not stable when isolated

Sequence ya RNA ya virus na normal RNA ni tofauti

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

mwamba c said:
Daah umenigusa na hili bandiko miaka kama saba iliyopita nliwahi kuwa ktk mahusiano na binti flan, ktk mahusiano yetu huyu binti alipata ujauzito na alipoanza kwenda klinik aliambiwa aende na mwenza wake kwaajili ya vipimo vya pamoja vya H. I. V, chakushangaza na kusikitisha mwenzangu alikutwa ni HIV positive na mimi nlikuwa HIV negative, nliumia nkamlaum mwenzangu labda katoka nje ikafikia hatua nlmwambia mwenza kuwa yawezekana hata mimba aliyobeba sio yangu, alipojifungua mtoto alichukuliwa damu ktk kisigino cha mguu akapimwa na akakutwa ni negative nkampima na DNA nkakuta ni mwanangu,nkaingia ktk sintofahamu, nliendelea kuwa ktk mahusiano na kufuata ushaur tuliopewa ili mwenzangu asijihic mpweke, maisha yakaendelea huku anameza ARV's nami navaa kinga mwaka jana mwezi wa saba nlitaka mtoto mwngne hvyo kama kawaida tulienda klinik kwa ushaur, cbakushangaza mke wangu alipopimwa alikutwa negative, kizungumkuti kwangu had kwa manesi.... Daah nna mengi ya kusema lkn leo naona mkuu Deception amejaribu kunitoa tongotongo na ukakasi ktk utumwa wa fkra
Cc:
Deception

Pole sana mkuu kwa hiyo sintofaham. Yaani ni hatari sana. Ona sasa wameshamuumiza mama wa watu na ma arvs. Na bado kuna wapuuzi wanaendeleza uharamia wa kudai hiv is real ili kuendelea kutesa watu. Kiukweli mtu ukiambiwa una hiv lazima ufe kwa kihoro.. lazima ukate tamaa ya kuishi.. na lazima upate msongo wa mawazo maana unajihisi uko peke yako humu duniani. Mwishowe hata uchumi wako unayumba.

Kama panya, nguruwe, mjamzito, mtoto, na mzee wa miaka 80 wakipimwa kipimo kinaweza kusema vyote hivyo vina hiv.. kwa nini tusiseme story ya hiv ni hoax?

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
I said sequence and who told you it cannot be isolated alikudanganya. It is not stable when isolated

Hahaaa.. it has never been isolated.. and so there is no evidence of its genome whatsoever.. your theory remains a myth..

Sorry

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
Sequence ya RNA ya virus na normal RNA ni tofauti

Hiyo research ulifanyia wapi? Weka paper uliyo publish ikitueleza utafiti wako hapa.. else ni porojo za kusimuliwa

Capital · Apr 28, 2019

pakamwam said:
Kuna mambo.mengi lakini nitaelezea kwa uchache sana. Ngoja nianze kwashule kwanza
Viral diagnostic method
We mainly have two methods
1. Direct method
2. Indirect method

Direct method
This include direct visualization of a viral particle. In this methods , the laboratory scientist can use several techniques to isolate the viris some of them are listed below
I. Viral culture in animals or egg
Ii. Use of electron microscope
Iii.use of pcr to isolate dba
Iv. Northen and southern blotting
V. Western blot
Vi. Sequencing and microarray techniques

2. Indirect method involve the detection of effects or response by the body to viruses. In this method we the laboratory scientist relies on the detection of antibodies produced as rusult of viral infection in the body. Several technigues can be employed here
I. Chromatographic method usng national algorithm
Ii. Elisa which is enzyme linked immunosbent assay
Iii. Immunofluoresce methods which relies on abtibodies not nucleic acids.

Antibodies are always produced againts antigen which might be part of hiv virus like capsid , p24, p7, p17 and other structural components.

Now if you understand this let me know so we i ca. Start more explaination on hiv diagnostic methods

Hahaaa.. ukitaka kufaham story nzima ni vema ukajuwa biochemistry angalau ya level ya MSc. Vinginevyo utaishia kutwambia western blot na blaa blaa kama hizo

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Capital said:
Pole sana mkuu kwa hiyo sintofaham. Yaani ni hatari sana. Ona sasa wameshamuumiza mama wa watu na ma arvs. Na bado kuna wapuuzi wanaendeleza uharamia wa kudai hiv is real ili kuendelea kutesa watu. Kiukweli mtu ukiambiwa una hiv lazima ufe kwa kihoro.. lazima ukate tamaa ya kuishi.. na lazima upate msongo wa mawazo maana unajihisi uko peke yako humu duniani. Mwishowe hata uchumi wako unayumba.

Kama panya, nguruwe, mjamzito, mtoto, na mzee wa miaka 80 wakipimwa kipimo kinaweza kusema vyote hivyo vina hiv.. kwa nini tusiseme story ya hiv ni hoax?

Unajua Maana ya undetectable level of HIV?
Nadhani Tuanzie hapo

beric · Apr 28, 2019

Capital said:
Hahaaa.. it has never been isolated.. and so there is no evidence of its genome whatsoever.. your theory remains a myth..

Sorry

Read

beric · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
Read

Landmarks of the HIV genome

Landmarks of the HIV genome shows a graphical map of the genes and proteins of HIV-1, including the breakpoints on reference strain HXB2.

www.hiv.lanl.gov

beric · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
Read

PubMed

PubMed® comprises more than 40 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

beric · Apr 28, 2019

beric said:
PubMed

PubMed® comprises more than 40 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Should read and expand your knowledge

Kingsmann · Apr 28, 2019

Uliwadanganya wenzio kinoma noma[emoji23][emoji23][emoji23][emoji23]

chinatown said:
am not a doctor or medical laboratory neither but I know this like this,
when the body is attacked by diseases the first thing to be attacked is antibodies
kwa kuwa hii ni askari wa mwili wako kujikinga na maadui,so maadui wakisha shambulia mara nyingi level ya askari mwilini [antibodies]huongezeka so kwenye upimaji wakiona askari wameongezeka wanajua kuwa kuna invasion ya ugonjwa mwilini
na ndio maana mfano kuna aina ya vipimio kwa mfano cappilus mara nyingi inasoma positive hata kwa maradhi sugu mfano kisonono,kaswende na mengine/
determinant atleast

V.V.U na Upimaji wake (Coincidences)

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