EMT
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- Jan 13, 2010
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Kwa mujibu wa takwimu za BoT za Februari, 2017, "dhahabu ya kijani" imeliingizia taifa Dola milioni 346.6 karibu Shilingi bilioni 767.4 ikiwa ni makusanyo ya juu zaidi ikilinganishwa na yale ya Dola milioni 185 (zaidi ya Shilingi milioni 410) yaliyofikiwa mwaka 2016.
“Kwa mantiki hiyo, korosho ni zao namba moja kwa kuiingizia nchi fedha nyingi za kigeni. Nimefarijika sana kuungana na wadau wenzangu wa korosho hapa, kujadili mustakbali wa zao hili muhimu kwa maendeleo ya nchi yetu na kwa wakulima wake” hizo zilikuwa salaam kutoka kwa Rais John Magufuli, akiwatakia wajumbe wa mkutano wa kujadili mafanikio hayo.
Ahadi yake ni kushughulika na wale wote watakaojihusisha katika kumnyima haki na manufaa mkulima mmoja mmoja au kikundi au ushirika. Hiyo pia ni sehemu ya kauli ya Waziri Mkuu, Kassim Majaliwa, wakati akifungua Mkutano Mkuu wa wadau wa tasnia ya korosho nchini, uliofanyika mjini Dodoma.
Majaliwa anasema: “Nimekuja hapa kama mdau, lakini pia kwa dhamana niliyonayo. Kutokana na historia ya zao hili katika makuzi yangu, ninayo imani na korosho kwamba inaweza kubadili maisha ya watu wetu kuliko rasilimali nyingine tulizonazo. Serikali ya awamu ya tano italilinda kufa na kupona.”
Kuna utafiti ulifanywa na Adam Meshack Akyoo, PhD na Zena T. Mpenda, PhD (Sokoine University of Agriculture: POLICY IMPERATIVES FOR CONTROL OF MARKET EXCHANGE FAILURE IN THE CASHEW NUT INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA na kuchapishwa kwenye jarida la European Scientific Journal (2014): https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2905/2733. Baadhi ya extracts from the study:
The study examined the root causes of incessant market failure problem facing Tanzanian cashew nut industry. The overarching hypothesis of the study was that the industry challenges are both structural and institutional.
Results of the study showcased a systematic positive effect of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) on indicative and final producer prices over the years. Concentration ratio results professed the industry as being fairly concentrated and hence oligopolistic. The WRS was vindicated as an effective system for the industry though its high transaction costs due to hiked administrative costs, weak institutional arrangements along the value chain, cooperative monopoly and inadequate enforcement of underlying regulations counteract its strength. Fair competition in the industry is stifled by clandestine buyer collusion and predatory pricing at the expense of local processing.
Contradictory arguments in relation to cartels and abusive conduct in the cashew nut market were observed during interviews with key stakeholders. Some argued that cashew buyer companies are mostly individual Indians masquerading as independent buyers, but others disagreed. The latter substantiated the claim on the observed high buyer turnover rate. The former case is supported by the existence of the 22 buying companies and the calculated concentration ratio above 40%, which suggest that the raw cashew market is oligopolistic and thus likely collusive.
Moreover, rumour has it that there are only two buyer companies/families for the raw cashew destined for the Indian market....... There is need to diversify the market to break over-dependence on the Indian raw cashew export market by building internal processing capacity and exploring alternative markets globally.....
WRS is a legally established institution which is supposed to run according to the underlying law/regulations. However, it is puzzling that the system is run through frequent political pronouncements from government leaders...... The problem is exacerbated by the complex nature of entities involved in administering the system in a situation where CBT has turned into an onlooker interested in dancing to the tune of politicians’ interests...........
Political interference in the industry has led to decreased morale on the part of CBT’s technical personnel, who are now weary of any innovative action for fear of backlash from producers, politicians and activists (all these are now cashew experts in their own rights!).
The authors conclude that .......the cashew industry is currently a play ground for many researchers, scholars, civil rights groups, media houses etc. The industry is thus bombarded with several interventions and/or policy advises that could be conflicting at times.
There ought to be a well thought way by all cashew stakeholders to sieve these advises in order to identify the pertinent ones in terms of their reliability, compatibility and effectiveness. The industry should be keen not to fall into the fallacy of false authority trap.
“Kwa mantiki hiyo, korosho ni zao namba moja kwa kuiingizia nchi fedha nyingi za kigeni. Nimefarijika sana kuungana na wadau wenzangu wa korosho hapa, kujadili mustakbali wa zao hili muhimu kwa maendeleo ya nchi yetu na kwa wakulima wake” hizo zilikuwa salaam kutoka kwa Rais John Magufuli, akiwatakia wajumbe wa mkutano wa kujadili mafanikio hayo.
Ahadi yake ni kushughulika na wale wote watakaojihusisha katika kumnyima haki na manufaa mkulima mmoja mmoja au kikundi au ushirika. Hiyo pia ni sehemu ya kauli ya Waziri Mkuu, Kassim Majaliwa, wakati akifungua Mkutano Mkuu wa wadau wa tasnia ya korosho nchini, uliofanyika mjini Dodoma.
Majaliwa anasema: “Nimekuja hapa kama mdau, lakini pia kwa dhamana niliyonayo. Kutokana na historia ya zao hili katika makuzi yangu, ninayo imani na korosho kwamba inaweza kubadili maisha ya watu wetu kuliko rasilimali nyingine tulizonazo. Serikali ya awamu ya tano italilinda kufa na kupona.”
Kuna utafiti ulifanywa na Adam Meshack Akyoo, PhD na Zena T. Mpenda, PhD (Sokoine University of Agriculture: POLICY IMPERATIVES FOR CONTROL OF MARKET EXCHANGE FAILURE IN THE CASHEW NUT INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA na kuchapishwa kwenye jarida la European Scientific Journal (2014): https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2905/2733. Baadhi ya extracts from the study:
The study examined the root causes of incessant market failure problem facing Tanzanian cashew nut industry. The overarching hypothesis of the study was that the industry challenges are both structural and institutional.
Results of the study showcased a systematic positive effect of the Warehouse Receipt System (WRS) on indicative and final producer prices over the years. Concentration ratio results professed the industry as being fairly concentrated and hence oligopolistic. The WRS was vindicated as an effective system for the industry though its high transaction costs due to hiked administrative costs, weak institutional arrangements along the value chain, cooperative monopoly and inadequate enforcement of underlying regulations counteract its strength. Fair competition in the industry is stifled by clandestine buyer collusion and predatory pricing at the expense of local processing.
Contradictory arguments in relation to cartels and abusive conduct in the cashew nut market were observed during interviews with key stakeholders. Some argued that cashew buyer companies are mostly individual Indians masquerading as independent buyers, but others disagreed. The latter substantiated the claim on the observed high buyer turnover rate. The former case is supported by the existence of the 22 buying companies and the calculated concentration ratio above 40%, which suggest that the raw cashew market is oligopolistic and thus likely collusive.
Moreover, rumour has it that there are only two buyer companies/families for the raw cashew destined for the Indian market....... There is need to diversify the market to break over-dependence on the Indian raw cashew export market by building internal processing capacity and exploring alternative markets globally.....
WRS is a legally established institution which is supposed to run according to the underlying law/regulations. However, it is puzzling that the system is run through frequent political pronouncements from government leaders...... The problem is exacerbated by the complex nature of entities involved in administering the system in a situation where CBT has turned into an onlooker interested in dancing to the tune of politicians’ interests...........
Political interference in the industry has led to decreased morale on the part of CBT’s technical personnel, who are now weary of any innovative action for fear of backlash from producers, politicians and activists (all these are now cashew experts in their own rights!).
The authors conclude that .......the cashew industry is currently a play ground for many researchers, scholars, civil rights groups, media houses etc. The industry is thus bombarded with several interventions and/or policy advises that could be conflicting at times.
There ought to be a well thought way by all cashew stakeholders to sieve these advises in order to identify the pertinent ones in terms of their reliability, compatibility and effectiveness. The industry should be keen not to fall into the fallacy of false authority trap.