Ignorance of law

mkulungu mkuyengo

mkulungu mkuyengo

JF-Expert Member
Feb 5, 2015
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Salaam wadau,

Katika cap 16 ya laws kuna subsection nadhani ni 8 inasema;
"Ignorance of the law does not afford any excuse for any act or omission which would otherwise constitute an offense,unless knowledge of the law by the offender is expressly declared to be an element of the offense".

Tatizo langu ni hapa;
"Unless knowledge of the law by the offenderis expressly declared to be an element of the offense"

Wataalam wa sheria PETRO E Mselewa na wengineo nifafanulieni hili eneo.
 
Kimsingi katika sheria tunasema, katika kila kanuni kuu kuna kanuni mchepuko yaani in every general rule there is exception
(tafsiri isiyo rasmi ).

Vivyo hivyo, kifungu hicho kimeweka kanuni kuu kwamba kutokujua sheria si kinga dhidi ya makosa isipokuwa:

(yaani exception) kama hilo kosa lina element ama msingi unaotaka ufahamu wa mtenda kosa. Mathalani kifungu cha sheria kimebainisha, "mtu yeyote atakaye kiuka kanuni bila kujua ataadhibiwa kwa kulipa faini..."

Katika mazingira ya mfano tajwa mtu akikiuka sheria bila kujua hataadhibiwa maana knowledge of the law ni element muhimu iliyotajwa hapo expressly constituting offence na hiyo ndiyo kanuni mchepuko ambapo kutokujua sheria kwaweza kuwa kinga.
 
BISECKO said:
Kimsingi katika sheria tunasema, katika kila kanuni kuu kuna kanuni mchepuko yaani in every general rule there is exception
(tafsiri isiyo rasmi ).

Vivyo hivyo, kifungu hicho kimeweka kanuni kuu kwamba kutokujua sheria si kinga dhidi ya makosa isipokuwa:

(yaani exception) kama hilo kosa lina element ama msingi unaotaka ufahamu wa mtenda kosa. Mathalani kifungu cha sheria kimebainisha, "mtu yeyote atakaye kiuka kanuni bila kujua ataadhibiwa kwa kulipa faini..."

Katika mazingira ya mfano tajwa mtu akikiuka sheria bila kujua hataadhibiwa maana knowledge of the law ni element muhimu iliyotajwa hapo expressly constituting offence na hiyo ndiyo kanuni mchepuko ambapo kutokujua sheria kwaweza kuwa kinga.
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Hapo nilipo bold, umekusudia kuandika atakayekiuka kanuni bila kujua au kwa kujua?

Nishaona sana mtu anashikwa kwa offence ya traffic, kwa mfano, ku park gari sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park, halafu defence yake (successful at that) inakuwa kwamba sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park gari kulikuwa hamna alama inayoonyesha kwamba hutakiwi ku park gari hapa.

Kwa hiyo in that case, ignorance of the law is part of the defence kwa sababu knowledge of the law (kujua unapotakiwa na usipotakiwa ku park gari) ni element of the offense.

Mfano mwingine, ukimshitaki mtu kwa ku tresspass sehemu ambayo haina alama wala mzingo unaoonyesha hii sehemu ni "no tresspass" anaweza kujitetea kwamba hakujua kwamba ana tresspass kwa sababu hakukuwa na alama ya kuonyesha kwamba hatakiwi ku tresspass hapa au pale.

Ignorance of the law becomes his defence. One cannot guard against tresspassing unmarked grounds.
 
Al-Watan said:
Hapo nilipo bold, umekusudia kuandika atakayekiuka kanuni bila kujua au kwa kujua?

Nishaona sana mtu anashikwa kwa offence ya traffic, kwa mfano, ku park gari sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park, halafu defence yake (successful at that) inakuwa kwamba sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park gari kulikuwa hamna alama inayoonyesha kwamba hutakiwi ku park gari hapa.

Kwa hiyo in that case, ignorance of the law is part of the defence kwa sababu knowledge of the law (kujua unapotakiwa na usipotakiwa ku park gari) ni element of the offense.

Mfano mwingine, ukimshitaki mtu kwa ku tresspass sehemu ambayo haina alama wala mzingo unaoonyesha hii sehemu ni "no tresspass" anaweza kujitetea kwamba hakujua kwamba ana tresspass kwa sababu hakukuwa na alama ya kuonyesha kwamba hatakiwi ku tresspass hapa au pale.

Ignorance of the law becomes his defence. One cannot guard against tresspassing unmarked grounds.
Click to expand...
Kwa kujua.
 
Al-Watan said:
Hapo nilipo bold, umekusudia kuandika atakayekiuka kanuni bila kujua au kwa kujua?

Nishaona sana mtu anashikwa kwa offence ya traffic, kwa mfano, ku park gari sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park, halafu defence yake (successful at that) inakuwa kwamba sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park gari kulikuwa hamna alama inayoonyesha kwamba hutakiwi ku park gari hapa.

Kwa hiyo in that case, ignorance of the law is part of the defence kwa sababu knowledge of the law (kujua unapotakiwa na usipotakiwa ku park gari) ni element of the offense.

Mfano mwingine, ukimshitaki mtu kwa ku tresspass sehemu ambayo haina alama wala mzingo unaoonyesha hii sehemu ni "no tresspass" anaweza kujitetea kwamba hakujua kwamba ana tresspass kwa sababu hakukuwa na alama ya kuonyesha kwamba hatakiwi ku tresspass hapa au pale.

Ignorance of the law becomes his defence. One cannot guard against tresspassing unmarked grounds.
Click to expand...
Hiyo sasa inabadilika kuwa IGNORANCE OF FACTS ambayo Ni Defence. Kwa mfano huko mbuga za wanyama kwa wale wakazi wa vijiji jirani wanapoenda kuwinda au kuokota kuni halafu unakuta hakuna mpaka kuonyesha mbuga ya wanyama inaanzia wapi akikamatwa anaweza kujitetea kwamba anajua ni kosa ila hakujua kama yupo mbugani so inakua innocent mind koz anajua yupo nje ya mbuga kumbe kiFact yupo ndani.
 
Al-Watan said:
Hapo nilipo bold, umekusudia kuandika atakayekiuka kanuni bila kujua au kwa kujua?

Nishaona sana mtu anashikwa kwa offence ya traffic, kwa mfano, ku park gari sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park, halafu defence yake (successful at that) inakuwa kwamba sehemu ambayo hakutakiwa ku park gari kulikuwa hamna alama inayoonyesha kwamba hutakiwi ku park gari hapa.

Kwa hiyo in that case, ignorance of the law is part of the defence kwa sababu knowledge of the law (kujua unapotakiwa na usipotakiwa ku park gari) ni element of the offense.

Mfano mwingine, ukimshitaki mtu kwa ku tresspass sehemu ambayo haina alama wala mzingo unaoonyesha hii sehemu ni "no tresspass" anaweza kujitetea kwamba hakujua kwamba ana tresspass kwa sababu hakukuwa na alama ya kuonyesha kwamba hatakiwi ku tresspass hapa au pale.

Ignorance of the law becomes his defence. One cannot guard against tresspassing unmarked grounds.
Click to expand...
Hao wote uliosema wana defense ya MISTAKE OF FACTS/IGNORANCE OF FACT. Kifungu no. 11 Cha sheria ya makosa ya jinai. Mfano katika kesi ya Jamhuri dhidi ya Sultan Maginga,jamaa alikua anaenda shambani kwake kufukuza nguruwe wanaokula mazao,amefika akasikia kukurukakara kwenye nyasi,akamulika na tochi mwanga hafifu,akapiga kelele kuuliza kama kuna binadamu hajajibiwa basi akaseti target yake akalenga mkuki sehemu iliyokua kama na kivuli kinachokimbiakimbia,kuja kushtuka kamlenga mtu alikua na demu wake wanagegedana hapo shambani. Namna hiyo.
 
juan moses said:
Hao wote uliosema wana defense ya MISTAKE OF FACTS/IGNORANCE OF FACT. Kifungu no. 11 Cha sheria ya makosa ya jinai. Mfano katika kesi ya Jamhuri dhidi ya Sultan Maginga,jamaa alikua anaenda shambani kwake kufukuza nguruwe wanaokula mazao,amefika akasikia kukurukakara kwenye nyasi,akamulika na tochi mwanga hafifu,akapiga kelele kuuliza kama kuna binadamu hajajibiwa basi akaseti target yake akalenga mkuki sehemu iliyokua kama na kivuli kinachokimbiakimbia,kuja kushtuka kamlenga mtu alikua na demu wake wanagegedana hapo shambani. Namna hiyo.
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Unaweza kutia mfano wa successful defense ya ignorance of law.

I presume the difference between ignorance of law and fact is from a narrow legal perspective? If the law is applicabke, it is a fact that the law is applicable therefore ignorance of the law is actually a form of ignorance if a fact. When youbdistinguish ignorance if tge law from ignorance if facts, is thus purely frim a legal perspective where you have "facts of the case" on one hand and "laws if the case" in another? Because logically the law of the case is a fact in itself in so far as it is the law of the case.
 
juan moses said:
Hao wote uliosema wana defense ya MISTAKE OF FACTS/IGNORANCE OF FACT. Kifungu no. 11 Cha sheria ya makosa ya jinai. Mfano katika kesi ya Jamhuri dhidi ya Sultan Maginga,jamaa alikua anaenda shambani kwake kufukuza nguruwe wanaokula mazao,amefika akasikia kukurukakara kwenye nyasi,akamulika na tochi mwanga hafifu,akapiga kelele kuuliza kama kuna binadamu hajajibiwa basi akaseti target yake akalenga mkuki sehemu iliyokua kama na kivuli kinachokimbiakimbia,kuja kushtuka kamlenga mtu alikua na demu wake wanagegedana hapo shambani. Namna hiyo.
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Hii ni tofauti na hoja mkuu wangu,Sultan Maginga alifikiri anaua nguruwe lakini kumbe hakuwa nguruwe ni hinadamu,mazingira yalivyokuwa na ni usiku na aliita lakini victim hakuitika,kwa hiyo kuua nguruwe halikuwa kosa na mazingira hayakuashiria kwamba yule siyo nguruwe.Issue ya ignorance of law ilitakiwa Sultan Maginga aue mtu halafu aseme hakujua kuua mtu ni kosa.Bwana Maginga alijua kuua mtu ni kosa lakini yeye hakukusudia kuua mtu bali nguruwe na hiyo ndiyo kistake of fact kifungu namba 11.
 
juan moses said:
Hiyo sasa inabadilika kuwa IGNORANCE OF FACTS ambayo Ni Defence. Kwa mfano huko mbuga za wanyama kwa wale wakazi wa vijiji jirani wanapoenda kuwinda au kuokota kuni halafu unakuta hakuna mpaka kuonyesha mbuga ya wanyama inaanzia wapi akikamatwa anaweza kujitetea kwamba anajua ni kosa ila hakujua kama yupo mbugani so inakua innocent mind koz anajua yupo nje ya mbuga kumbe kiFact yupo ndani.
Click to expand...
umesomeka vema sana mkuu.
 
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