Civil Engineering Special Thread!

Grades of Concrete!
Katika Uchanganyi wa Zege (Concrete Mix) Kuna Aina mbili yaani Nominal Mix, na Design Mix..

Nomina Mix
Hii inatumika hasa kwenye nyumba za kawaida za kuishi yaani pale ambapo High strength ya zege haihitajiki..Hasa kwenye nyumba za kawaida, Nominal Mix ina Gredi/Class kama 5,7.5,10,15,20,25 ila Gredi 15 hadi 25 mara nyingi hutumika kwenye nguzo na msingi.. hasa katika sehemu inayohitaji usukaji wa Nondo..

Design Mix!
Aina ya Pili ni hii Design Mix.. hii hasa hutumika kwenye Project kubwa sana ambazo zinahitaji high strength concrete.. aina hii lazima kwanza vipimo vya kimaabara vifanyike..Huanzia class 30, 35,40 na Kuendelea!

NOTE
Tunaposema class/Grade tunamaanisha uwiano wa Mchanga, cementi , maji na Kokoto Katika Zege..
Kwa Zege zuri mara Nyingi Kiasi cha Maji kiwe nusu ya Kiasi cha Cementi katika uwiano wa uzito Yaani Cement:Maji=0.5
Uwiano wa Zege Huwa Cement:Mchanga:Kokoto, Tuangalie kila Gredi na Uwiano wake..

M5 =1:5:10
M7.5=1:4:8
M10=1:3:6
M15=1:2:4
M20=1:1.5:3
M25= 1:1:2

Class/Grade Kuanzia 30 ni Design Mix, Mathematical Evaluations zinahitajika!

Asanteni!
 
mkuu kwenye uwiano wa cement ;maji =0.5 sasa hapo maji unayapimaje katika hali ya uzito?
 
Naomba kueleweshwa hizo concrete grade zinatakiwa kua na strength kiasi gani? Kuanzia m5 hadi M35
 
Dit000 said:
mkuu kwenye uwiano wa cement ;maji =0.5 sasa hapo maji unayapimaje katika hali ya uzito?
Click to expand...
Mkuu uwiano wa Maji na Cement katika kazi za kawaida ya Nominal Mix Hatuizingatii ila tunapima kama zege lipo uniform kwa kulitazama kwa Macho, Kwa Mfano unatengeneza zege la Grade 30 ya Cement yenye uwezo (Strength) 42.5R yaani Ratio 1:1.5:3 yaani cement:sand:aggregates, hapo unachukua kipimo ndoo kubwa tu yaani Volume.. sasa hapo uwiano wa maji na cement ni wewe operator wa zege una observe tu.. unaeka Maji kidogo kidogo mpaka upate uniform concrete...

ila hio ratio tajwa mfano 0.5 unapata/tumia kwenye design mix..
 
Smart Technician said:
Naomba kueleweshwa hizo concrete grade zinatakiwa kua na strength kiasi gani? Kuanzia m5 hadi M35
Click to expand...
Mkuu kwanza hizo M5 mpaka 35 ni Strength kwa mm^2... but Kama unamaanisha cube strength baada ya siku 7/14/28 za curing.. Angalia CML..(Central Material Laboratory)
 
SWALI..
wewe ni Site Engineer au Hata Technician Labda Foreman.. pia unakutana na site Design Hii yaani maji yanatoka muda wote mfano Maeneo kama Mikocheni ambayo yapo karibu na Beach na hali ya udongo ndio hiyo.. utafanyaje ili uweze kuweka Footing/base.. na usimamishe column hapo?.. Je Zege utalimwageje..?.. Elezea hatua zako mpaka Msingi wa Eneo kama Hili Kukamilika..
 
Moja ya technology mpya ya kujenga walls kwa kutumia sand, cement & admix concetration solutions, angalia attachement ya picha kwa maandalizi ya form work kwa ajili casting ya ukuta mwenye uelewa wa hii solution naomba ani fafanulie.
 
Recommended Structural Design softwares 1.Etabs &Safe: Simple and fast for 3D modeling specifically for buildings. 2. Orion&Prota Structure:it is also simple for modeling of buildings,gives good detailed design report for all structural elements,produce structural drawings that need some modification before printing. 3.Robot Structural Analysis. Can be used for design of both RC buildings and Steel buildings but i find it to be good for steel structural design. 4.SAP 2000: Can be used for design of different structures (buildings,bridges,water tanks,silos e.t.c), recommended for bridges analysis and design 5.ASTRA Pro: can be used for analysis and design of highway and railways bridges,culverts,towers e.t.c.Produce detailed drawings that need some modification Recommended for bridges design.Zipo softwares nyingi sana kwa ajili ya kurahisisha kazi ya design hizo ni baadhi tu ambazo kidogo nimefanikiwa kuzitumia and i can recommend for anyone interested to learn. Angalizo: Matumizi ya software haimaniishi usiwe na knowledge ya procedure za design,You must know every step so as to be able to interprate your results and do some checks manually. Sorry kwa mwandiko mbaya.
 
Kuna Kazi tofauti kati ya ArchCad na AutoCAD.. Structure lazima udesign na AutoCAD
 
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