Why are Jews so powerful?

[Zakumi]

Nimewahi kumsikia mtumishi wa Mungu Mwl. Mwakasege akisema kuwa, moja ya umasikini na kutokuwa na maendeleo katika nchi nyingi maskini ni kutoitambua au kushirikianana na Israel, baada ya hapo hakutaka kuendelea kwa sababu za kisiasa au labda aliogopa malumbani ya kidini kupamba moto zaidi. Naomba kuuliza wa JF, je ni kweli umasikini wa nchi nyingi ni kutokuwa na mahusiano na Israel??? Je! wayahudi wana karama gani kuweza kuisadia dunia??

Watanzania na mambo ya imani yanawafanya kuwa vilaza wa kila kitu hata rational thinking inawapotea. Maendeleo yanakuja kutokana na kuwepo na kufuatwa kwa kanuni za uchumi tu.

Nina vitabu vya uchumi vilivyoandikwa na myahudi vinavyoonyesha kwanini nchi za Afrika masikini na hakuna hata sehemu moja anayosema kuwa kuwa na uhusiano na Israel ni solutions.

 

[Ally Kombo]

ally kombo kaiva kweli madrassa. Hivi ulisoma mpaka juzuu gani vile?

Wakati kabla ya wakoloni hawajafika, wakati huo babu zenu wanachunga ng'ombe kule maporini !................... sie wazee wetu walisha jua kusoma na kuandika (kupitia madrassa). Ukisoma Alif..........beeh .......... teeeh! na kadhalika, hiyo ndio a.......b........c! Waheshimiwa (wamisionari/white fathers) walipoingia wakasema waache Dini (huo mfumo), ili wapate kujua kusoma na kuandika, wazee wakawambia......................aah ! mbona sie kitambo sana tumesha jifunza hilo, tofauti tu nikuwa tunasoma na kuandika kwa kiaraba, na tunao mpaka ma KADHI, ma USTAADH, na ULAMAH(Kadhi ni Lawyer, Ustaadh ni Lecturer na Ulamah ni Academician) na hatuna haja na muadhini wa KENGELE (Kanisa)!
yangu ni ndogo sana, nimemaliza juzuu Ammah(sijui unaijua?) shauri niling'ang'anizwa sana na matuition na maboding school.

 

[Kabaya]

I used to think of it and i'm still thinking why things are like that and i do hope i will come into conclusion. Ahsante kwa mada yako nadhani tutadadavua ili kujua sababu yake nini mkuu.

 

[Da Womanizer]

ally kombo kaiva kweli madrassa. Hivi ulisoma mpaka juzuu gani vile?

Acha dhihaka hazisaidii sana. Kudharauliana namna hii hakusaidii kitu zaidi ni kubomoa na kuongeza nyufa tu. Tujaribu kupendana hata kama tuna mitazamo tofauti.

 

[JITA]

Thanks YeshuaHaMelech for referring to scriptures in this debate! In connection to your answer I shall also add a verse from Numbers 23:21 "No misfortune is seen in Jacob, no misery observed in Israel. The Lord their God is with them; the shout of the King is among them". The power of Israel is indeed from their Covenant God!

 

[Ally Kombo]

Thanks YeshuaHaMelech for referring to scriptures in this debate! In connection to your answer I shall also add a verse from Numbers 23:21 "No misfortune is seen in Jacob, no misery observed in Israel. The Lord their God is with them; the shout of the King is among them". The power of Israel is indeed from their Covenant God!

Wakati Hitler anawapa kibano............................Mungu alikuwa wapi?

 

[bitimkongwe]

........ Arabs and Muslims readers should read "The Closing of the Muslim Mind -- How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis," by Robert R. Reilly. In it he quotes physicist Pervex Hoodbhoy who states that "no major invention or discovery has emerged from the Muslim world for well over SEVEN centuries." (page 161) The book also states that in the past one thousand years, the Arab and Muslim World community has translated only 10,000 books, or roughly the number that Spain translates in one year. (page 164).

I can write any crap and quote any nonsense from an unknown author or unrecognised scientist, does that make it credible???????????????????????

 

[rreporter2010]

"From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we in the West take for granted. Here are 20 of their most influential innovations:

(1) The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry.

He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Makkah and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645.


It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London. The Arabic "qahwa" became the Turkish "kahve" then the Italian "caffé" and then English "coffee".


(2) The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted rays, like a laser, which enabled us to see. The first person to realise that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haitham.



He invented the first pin-hole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, he worked out, and set up the first Camera Obscura (from the Arab word "qamara" for a dark or private room).

He is also credited with being the first man to shift physics from a philosophical activity to an experimental one.


(3) A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word "rook" comes from the Persian "rukh", which means chariot.


(4) A thousand years before the Wright brothers, a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts.


He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries.

In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.


(5) Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade.


But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not wash.


Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.

(6) Distillation, the means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points, was invented around the year 800 by Islam's foremost scientist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, who transformed alchemy into chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still in use today - liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation and filtration.


As well as discovering sulphuric and nitric acid, he invented the alembic still, giving the world intense rosewater and other perfumes and alcoholic spirits (although drinking them forbidden, in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasised systematic experimentation and was the founder of modern chemistry.


(7) The crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation.


His Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (1206) shows he also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock.


(8) Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China.


However, it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation - so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.

(9) The pointed arch so characteristic of Europe's Gothic cathedrals was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and Normans, thus allowing the building of bigger, higher, more complex and grander buildings.


Other borrowings from Muslim genius included ribbed vaulting, rose windows and dome-building techniques. Europe's castles were also adapted to copy the Islamic world's - with arrow slits, battlements, a barbican and parapets. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round ones. The architect of Henry V's castle was a Muslim.


(10) Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon.

It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules.


In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it. Muslim doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to **** cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.

(11) The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the vast deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.


(12) The technique of inoculation was not invented by Jenner and Pasteur but was devised in the Muslim world and brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul in 1724. Children in Turkey were vaccinated with cowpox to fight the deadly smallpox at least 50 years before the West discovered it.

(13) The fountain pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity and capillary action.


(14) The system of numbering in use all round the world is probably Indian in origin but the style of the numerals is Arabic and first appears in print in the work of the Muslim mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi around 825.


Algebra was named after al-Khwarizmi's book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah, much of whose contents are still in use. The work of Muslim maths scholars was imported into Europe 300 years later by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci.


Algorithms and much of the theory of trigonometry came from the Muslim world. And Al-Kindi's discovery of frequency analysis rendered all the codes of the ancient world soluble and created the basis of modern cryptology.


(15) Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal - soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses (which had been invented after experiments with rock crystal by Abbas ibn Firnas).


(16) Carpets were regarded as part of paradise by mediaeval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art.


In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned". Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.


(17) The modern cheque comes from the Arabic "saqq", a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.


(18) By the 9th century, many Muslim scholars took it for granted that the Earth was a sphere. The proof, said astronomer Ibn Hazm, "is that the Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth". It was 500 years before that realisation dawned on Galileo.


The calculations of Muslim astronomers were so accurate that in the 9th century they reckoned the Earth's circumference to be 40, 253.4km - less than 200km out. Al-Idrisi took a globe depicting the world to the court of King Roger of Sicily in 1139.


(19) Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders.


By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.


(20) Mediaeval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip.


This is a partial list of some of the leading Muslims. Major Muslim contributions continued beyond the fifteenth century. Contributions of more than one hundred other major Muslim personalities can be found in several famous publications by Western historians. Biographies are available in the Islamic Civilization E-book.
Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber)Chemistry (Father of Chemistry)Died 803 C.E.
Al-AsmaiZoology, Botany, Animal Husbandry.740 - 828
Al-Khwarizmi (Algorizm)Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography. (Algorithm, Algebra, calculus)770 - 840
'Amr ibn Bahr Al-JahizZoology, Arabic Grammar, Rhetoric, Lexicography776 - 868
Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Alkindus)Philosophy, Physics, Optics, Medicine, Mathematics, Metallurgy.800 - 873
Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit)Astronomy, Mechanics, Geometry, Anatomy.836 - 901
'Abbas Ibn FirnasMechanics of Flight, Planetarium, Artificial Crystals.Died 888
Ali Ibn Rabban Al-TabariMedicine, Mathematics, Caligraphy, Literature.838 - 870
Al-Battani (Albategnius)Astronomy, mathematics, Trigonometry.858 - 929
Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus)Astronomy, Civil Engineering.C. 860
Al-Razi (Rhazes)Medicine, Ophthalmology, Smallpox, Chemistry, Astronomy.864 - 930
Al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius)Sociology, Logic, Philosophy, Political Science, Music.870 - 950
Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu'diGeography, History.Died 957
Al-Sufi (Azophi)Astronomy903 - 986
Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahravi (Albucasis)Surgery, Medicine. (Father of Modern Surgery)936 - 1013
Muhammad Al-BuzjaniMathematics, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry.940 - 997
Ibn Al-Haitham (Alhazen)Physics, Optics, Mathematics.965 - 1040
Al-Mawardi (Alboacen)Political Science, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Ethics.972 - 1058
Abu Raihan Al-BiruniAstronomy, Mathematics. (Determined Earth's Circumference)973-1048
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy.981 - 1037
Al-Zarqali (Arzachel)Astronomy (Invented Astrolabe).1028 - 1087
Omar Al-KhayyamMathematics, Poetry.1044 - 1123
Al-Ghazali (Algazel)Sociology, Theology, Philosophy.1058 - 1111
Fall of Muslim Toledo (1085), Corsica and Malta (1090), Provence (1050), Sicily (1091) and Jerusalem (1099). Several Crusades. First wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred years. Refer to Muslim History. Translators of Scientific Knowledge in the Middle Ages
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya (Ibn Bajjah)Philosophy, Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Poetry, Music.1106 - 1138
Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar)Surgery, Medicine.1091 - 1161
Al-Idrisi (Dreses)Geography (World Map, First Globe).1099 - 1166
Ibn Tufayl, AbdubacerPhilosophy, Medicine, Poetry.1110 - 1185
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Astronomy, Theology.1128 - 1198
Al-Bitruji (Alpetragius)AstronomyDied 1204
Second wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred and twelve years. Crusader invasions (1217-1291) and Mongol invasions (1219-1329). Crusaders active throughout the Mediterranean from Jerusalem and west to Muslim Spain. Fall of Muslim Cordoba (1236), Valencia (1238) and Seville (1248). Mongols devastation from the eastern most Muslim frontier, Central and Western Asia, India, Persia to Arab heartland. Fall of Baghdad (1258) and the end of Abbasid Caliphate. Two million Muslims massacred in Baghdad. Major scientific institutions, laboratories, and infrastructure destroyed in leading Muslim centers of civilization. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts III, IV."
Ibn Al-BaitarPharmacy, BotanyDied 1248
Nasir Al-Din Al-TusiAstronomy, Non-Euclidean Geometry.1201 - 1274
Jalal Al-Din RumiSociology1207 - 1273
Ibn Al-Nafis DamishquiAnatomy1213 - 1288
Al-Fida (Abdulfeda)Astronomy, Geography, Histrory.1273 - 1331
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Ibn Battuta)World Traveler. 75,000 mile voyage from Morocco to China and back.1304 - 1369
Ibn KhaldunSociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science.1332 - 1395
Ulugh BegAstronomy1393 - 1449
Third wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure. End of Muslim rule in Spain (1492). More than one million volumes of Muslim works on science, arts, philosophy and culture was burnt in the public square of Vivarrambla in Granada. Colonization began in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts IV, V (e.g., 1455, 1494, 1500, 1510, 1524, and 1538)"


Two hundred years before a comparable development elsewhere, Turkish scientist Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi took off from Galata tower and flew over the Bosphorus. Logari Hasan Celebi, another member of the Celebi family, sent the first manned rocket, using 150 okka (about 300 pounds) of gunpowder as the firing fuel.


Tipu, Sultan of Mysore [1783-1799] in the south of India, was the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of his rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatana, are displayed in the Woolwich Museum Artillery in London. The rocket motor casing was made of steel with multiple nozzles. The rocket, 50mm in diameter and 250mm long, had a range performance of 900 meters to 1.5 km. "

1001 Inventions - Discover The Muslim Heritage In Our World | 1001 Inventions
How Islamic inventors changed the world - Science, News - The Independent
Muslim Scientists and Islamic Civilization




[FONT=arial black,avant garde][/FONT]

 

[Da Womanizer]

Haya data hizo kutoka kwa rreporter2010

 

[Ally Kombo]

Haya data hizo kutoka kwa rreporter2010

Kisu kiko kwenye mfupa! hakuna kupumua mtu, tunakaba mpaka PENALT! lazima pumba ziwe mbali na mchele mbali!

 

[Ally Kombo]

"From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we in the West take for granted. Here are 20 of their most influential innovations:

(1) The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry.

He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Makkah and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645.


It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London. The Arabic "qahwa" became the Turkish "kahve" then the Italian "caffé" and then English "coffee".


(2) The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted rays, like a laser, which enabled us to see. The first person to realise that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haitham.



He invented the first pin-hole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, he worked out, and set up the first Camera Obscura (from the Arab word "qamara" for a dark or private room).

He is also credited with being the first man to shift physics from a philosophical activity to an experimental one.


(3) A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word "rook" comes from the Persian "rukh", which means chariot.


(4) A thousand years before the Wright brothers, a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts.


He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries.

In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.


(5) Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade.


But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not wash.


Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.

(6) Distillation, the means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points, was invented around the year 800 by Islam's foremost scientist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, who transformed alchemy into chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still in use today - liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation and filtration.


As well as discovering sulphuric and nitric acid, he invented the alembic still, giving the world intense rosewater and other perfumes and alcoholic spirits (although drinking them forbidden, in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasised systematic experimentation and was the founder of modern chemistry.


(7) The crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation.


His Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (1206) shows he also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock.


(8) Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China.


However, it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation - so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.

(9) The pointed arch so characteristic of Europe's Gothic cathedrals was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and Normans, thus allowing the building of bigger, higher, more complex and grander buildings.


Other borrowings from Muslim genius included ribbed vaulting, rose windows and dome-building techniques. Europe's castles were also adapted to copy the Islamic world's - with arrow slits, battlements, a barbican and parapets. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round ones. The architect of Henry V's castle was a Muslim.


(10) Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon.

It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules.


In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it. Muslim doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to **** cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.

(11) The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the vast deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.


(12) The technique of inoculation was not invented by Jenner and Pasteur but was devised in the Muslim world and brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul in 1724. Children in Turkey were vaccinated with cowpox to fight the deadly smallpox at least 50 years before the West discovered it.

(13) The fountain pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity and capillary action.


(14) The system of numbering in use all round the world is probably Indian in origin but the style of the numerals is Arabic and first appears in print in the work of the Muslim mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi around 825.


Algebra was named after al-Khwarizmi's book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah, much of whose contents are still in use. The work of Muslim maths scholars was imported into Europe 300 years later by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci.


Algorithms and much of the theory of trigonometry came from the Muslim world. And Al-Kindi's discovery of frequency analysis rendered all the codes of the ancient world soluble and created the basis of modern cryptology.


(15) Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal - soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses (which had been invented after experiments with rock crystal by Abbas ibn Firnas).


(16) Carpets were regarded as part of paradise by mediaeval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art.


In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned". Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.


(17) The modern cheque comes from the Arabic "saqq", a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.


(18) By the 9th century, many Muslim scholars took it for granted that the Earth was a sphere. The proof, said astronomer Ibn Hazm, "is that the Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth". It was 500 years before that realisation dawned on Galileo.


The calculations of Muslim astronomers were so accurate that in the 9th century they reckoned the Earth's circumference to be 40, 253.4km - less than 200km out. Al-Idrisi took a globe depicting the world to the court of King Roger of Sicily in 1139.


(19) Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders.


By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo - a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.


(20) Mediaeval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip.


This is a partial list of some of the leading Muslims. Major Muslim contributions continued beyond the fifteenth century. Contributions of more than one hundred other major Muslim personalities can be found in several famous publications by Western historians. Biographies are available in the Islamic Civilization E-book.
Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber)Chemistry (Father of Chemistry)Died 803 C.E.
Al-AsmaiZoology, Botany, Animal Husbandry.740 - 828
Al-Khwarizmi (Algorizm)Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography. (Algorithm, Algebra, calculus)770 - 840
'Amr ibn Bahr Al-JahizZoology, Arabic Grammar, Rhetoric, Lexicography776 - 868
Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Alkindus)Philosophy, Physics, Optics, Medicine, Mathematics, Metallurgy.800 - 873
Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit)Astronomy, Mechanics, Geometry, Anatomy.836 - 901
'Abbas Ibn FirnasMechanics of Flight, Planetarium, Artificial Crystals.Died 888
Ali Ibn Rabban Al-TabariMedicine, Mathematics, Caligraphy, Literature.838 - 870
Al-Battani (Albategnius)Astronomy, mathematics, Trigonometry.858 - 929
Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus)Astronomy, Civil Engineering.C. 860
Al-Razi (Rhazes)Medicine, Ophthalmology, Smallpox, Chemistry, Astronomy.864 - 930
Al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius)Sociology, Logic, Philosophy, Political Science, Music.870 - 950
Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu'diGeography, History.Died 957
Al-Sufi (Azophi)Astronomy903 - 986
Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahravi (Albucasis)Surgery, Medicine. (Father of Modern Surgery)936 - 1013
Muhammad Al-BuzjaniMathematics, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry.940 - 997
Ibn Al-Haitham (Alhazen)Physics, Optics, Mathematics.965 - 1040
Al-Mawardi (Alboacen)Political Science, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Ethics.972 - 1058
Abu Raihan Al-BiruniAstronomy, Mathematics. (Determined Earth's Circumference)973-1048
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy.981 - 1037
Al-Zarqali (Arzachel)Astronomy (Invented Astrolabe).1028 - 1087
Omar Al-KhayyamMathematics, Poetry.1044 - 1123
Al-Ghazali (Algazel)Sociology, Theology, Philosophy.1058 - 1111
Fall of Muslim Toledo (1085), Corsica and Malta (1090), Provence (1050), Sicily (1091) and Jerusalem (1099). Several Crusades. First wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred years. Refer to Muslim History. Translators of Scientific Knowledge in the Middle Ages
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya (Ibn Bajjah)Philosophy, Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Poetry, Music.1106 - 1138
Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar)Surgery, Medicine.1091 - 1161
Al-Idrisi (Dreses)Geography (World Map, First Globe).1099 - 1166
Ibn Tufayl, AbdubacerPhilosophy, Medicine, Poetry.1110 - 1185
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Astronomy, Theology.1128 - 1198
Al-Bitruji (Alpetragius)AstronomyDied 1204
Second wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred and twelve years. Crusader invasions (1217-1291) and Mongol invasions (1219-1329). Crusaders active throughout the Mediterranean from Jerusalem and west to Muslim Spain. Fall of Muslim Cordoba (1236), Valencia (1238) and Seville (1248). Mongols devastation from the eastern most Muslim frontier, Central and Western Asia, India, Persia to Arab heartland. Fall of Baghdad (1258) and the end of Abbasid Caliphate. Two million Muslims massacred in Baghdad. Major scientific institutions, laboratories, and infrastructure destroyed in leading Muslim centers of civilization. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts III, IV."
Ibn Al-BaitarPharmacy, BotanyDied 1248
Nasir Al-Din Al-TusiAstronomy, Non-Euclidean Geometry.1201 - 1274
Jalal Al-Din RumiSociology1207 - 1273
Ibn Al-Nafis DamishquiAnatomy1213 - 1288
Al-Fida (Abdulfeda)Astronomy, Geography, Histrory.1273 - 1331
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Ibn Battuta)World Traveler. 75,000 mile voyage from Morocco to China and back.1304 - 1369
Ibn KhaldunSociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science.1332 - 1395
Ulugh BegAstronomy1393 - 1449
Third wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure. End of Muslim rule in Spain (1492). More than one million volumes of Muslim works on science, arts, philosophy and culture was burnt in the public square of Vivarrambla in Granada. Colonization began in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts IV, V (e.g., 1455, 1494, 1500, 1510, 1524, and 1538)"


Two hundred years before a comparable development elsewhere, Turkish scientist Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi took off from Galata tower and flew over the Bosphorus. Logari Hasan Celebi, another member of the Celebi family, sent the first manned rocket, using 150 okka (about 300 pounds) of gunpowder as the firing fuel.


Tipu, Sultan of Mysore [1783-1799] in the south of India, was the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of his rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatana, are displayed in the Woolwich Museum Artillery in London. The rocket motor casing was made of steel with multiple nozzles. The rocket, 50mm in diameter and 250mm long, had a range performance of 900 meters to 1.5 km. "

1001 Inventions - Discover The Muslim Heritage In Our World | 1001 Inventions
How Islamic inventors changed the world - Science, News - The Independent
Muslim Scientists and Islamic Civilization

Akina Yoshua na October ! Chomoeni kitu hicho! hapo bado aya hazijashushwa ............... hivi hawa wanajua Quran imezungumzia kuhusu maisha ya "NYUKI" ? wanajua kuwa Quran inazungumzia kuhusu Uzazi ?(mambo ya XY na YY) :whoo:

 

[Ally Kombo]

"From coffee to cheques and the three-course meal, the Muslim world has given us many innovations that we in the West take for granted. Here are 20 of their most influential innovations:

(1) The story goes that an Arab named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry.

He boiled the berries to make the first coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. By the late 15th century it had arrived in Makkah and Turkey from where it made its way to Venice in 1645.


It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard Street in the City of London. The Arabic "qahwa" became the Turkish "kahve" then the Italian "caffé" and then English "coffee".


(2) The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted rays, like a laser, which enabled us to see. The first person to realise that light enters the eye, rather than leaving it, was the 10th-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haitham.



He invented the first pin-hole camera after noticing the way light came through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, he worked out, and set up the first Camera Obscura (from the Arab word "qamara" for a dark or private room).

He is also credited with being the first man to shift physics from a philosophical activity to an experimental one.


(3) A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe — where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century — and eastward as far as Japan. The word "rook" comes from the Persian "rukh", which means chariot.


(4) A thousand years before the Wright brothers, a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts.


He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries.

In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing — concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.


(5) Washing and bathing are religious requirements for Muslims, which is perhaps why they perfected the recipe for soap which we still use today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a kind, as did the Romans who used it more as a pomade.


But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most striking characteristics, to Arab nostrils, was that they did not wash.


Shampoo was introduced to England by a Muslim who opened Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths on Brighton seafront in 1759 and was appointed Shampooing Surgeon to Kings George IV and William IV.

(6) Distillation, the means of separating liquids through differences in their boiling points, was invented around the year 800 by Islam's foremost scientist, Jabir ibn Hayyan, who transformed alchemy into chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still in use today — liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidisation, evaporation and filtration.


As well as discovering sulphuric and nitric acid, he invented the alembic still, giving the world intense rosewater and other perfumes and alcoholic spirits (although drinking them forbidden, in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasised systematic experimentation and was the founder of modern chemistry.


(7) The crank-shaft is a device which translates rotary into linear motion and is central to much of the machinery in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of humankind, it was created by an ingenious Muslim engineer called al-Jazari to raise water for irrigation.


His Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (1206) shows he also invented or refined the use of valves and pistons, devised some of the first mechanical clocks driven by water and weights, and was the father of robotics. Among his 50 other inventions was the combination lock.


(8) Quilting is a method of sewing or tying two layers of cloth with a layer of insulating material in between. It is not clear whether it was invented in the Muslim world or whether it was imported there from India or China.


However, it certainly came to the West via the Crusaders. They saw it used by Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armour. As well as a form of protection, it proved an effective guard against the chafing of the Crusaders' metal armour and was an effective form of insulation — so much so that it became a cottage industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.

(9) The pointed arch so characteristic of Europe's Gothic cathedrals was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and Normans, thus allowing the building of bigger, higher, more complex and grander buildings.


Other borrowings from Muslim genius included ribbed vaulting, rose windows and dome-building techniques. Europe's castles were also adapted to copy the Islamic world's — with arrow slits, battlements, a barbican and parapets. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round ones. The architect of Henry V's castle was a Muslim.


(10) Many modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design as those devised in the 10th century by a Muslim surgeon called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery and many of the 200 instruments he devised are recognisable to a modern surgeon.

It was he who discovered that catgut used for internal stitches dissolves away naturally (a discovery he made when his monkey ate his lute strings) and that it can be also used to make medicine capsules.


In the 13th century, another Muslim medic named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of the blood, 300 years before William Harvey discovered it. Muslim doctors also invented anaesthetics of opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to **** cataracts from eyes in a technique still used today.

(11) The windmill was invented in 634 for a Persian caliph and was used to grind corn and draw up water for irrigation. In the vast deserts of Arabia, when the seasonal streams ran dry, the only source of power was the wind which blew steadily from one direction for months. Mills had six or 12 sails covered in fabric or palm leaves. It was 500 years before the first windmill was seen in Europe.


(12) The technique of inoculation was not invented by Jenner and Pasteur but was devised in the Muslim world and brought to Europe from Turkey by the wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul in 1724. Children in Turkey were vaccinated with cowpox to fight the deadly smallpox at least 50 years before the West discovered it.

(13) The fountain pen was invented for the Sultan of Egypt in 953 after he demanded a pen which would not stain his hands or clothes. It held ink in a reservoir and, as with modern pens, fed ink to the nib by a combination of gravity and capillary action.


(14) The system of numbering in use all round the world is probably Indian in origin but the style of the numerals is Arabic and first appears in print in the work of the Muslim mathematicians al-Khwarizmi and al-Kindi around 825.


Algebra was named after al-Khwarizmi's book, Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah, much of whose contents are still in use. The work of Muslim maths scholars was imported into Europe 300 years later by the Italian mathematician Fibonacci.


Algorithms and much of the theory of trigonometry came from the Muslim world. And Al-Kindi's discovery of frequency analysis rendered all the codes of the ancient world soluble and created the basis of modern cryptology.


(15) Ali ibn Nafi, known by his nickname of Ziryab (Blackbird) came from Iraq to Cordoba in the 9th century and brought with him the concept of the three-course meal — soup, followed by fish or meat, then fruit and nuts. He also introduced crystal glasses (which had been invented after experiments with rock crystal by Abbas ibn Firnas).


(16) Carpets were regarded as part of paradise by mediaeval Muslims, thanks to their advanced weaving techniques, new tinctures from Islamic chemistry and highly developed sense of pattern and arabesque which were the basis of Islam's non-representational art.


In contrast, Europe's floors were distinctly earthly, not to say earthy, until Arabian and Persian carpets were introduced. In England, as Erasmus recorded, floors were "covered in rushes, occasionally renewed, but so imperfectly that the bottom layer is left undisturbed, sometimes for 20 years, harbouring expectoration, vomiting, the leakage of dogs and men, ale droppings, scraps of fish, and other abominations not fit to be mentioned". Carpets, unsurprisingly, caught on quickly.


(17) The modern cheque comes from the Arabic "saqq", a written vow to pay for goods when they were delivered, to avoid money having to be transported across dangerous terrain. In the 9th century, a Muslim businessman could cash a cheque in China drawn on his bank in Baghdad.


(18) By the 9th century, many Muslim scholars took it for granted that the Earth was a sphere. The proof, said astronomer Ibn Hazm, "is that the Sun is always vertical to a particular spot on Earth". It was 500 years before that realisation dawned on Galileo.


The calculations of Muslim astronomers were so accurate that in the 9th century they reckoned the Earth's circumference to be 40, 253.4km — less than 200km out. Al-Idrisi took a globe depicting the world to the court of King Roger of Sicily in 1139.


(19) Though the Chinese invented saltpetre gunpowder, and used it in their fireworks, it was the Arabs who worked out that it could be purified using potassium nitrate for military use. Muslim incendiary devices terrified the Crusaders.


By the 15th century they had invented both a rocket, which they called a "self-moving and combusting egg", and a torpedo — a self-propelled pear-shaped bomb with a spear at the front which impaled itself in enemy ships and then blew up.


(20) Mediaeval Europe had kitchen and herb gardens, but it was the Arabs who developed the idea of the garden as a place of beauty and meditation. The first royal pleasure gardens in Europe were opened in 11th-century Muslim Spain. Flowers which originated in Muslim gardens include the carnation and the tulip.


This is a partial list of some of the leading Muslims. Major Muslim contributions continued beyond the fifteenth century. Contributions of more than one hundred other major Muslim personalities can be found in several famous publications by Western historians. Biographies are available in the Islamic Civilization E-book.
Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber)Chemistry (Father of Chemistry)Died 803 C.E.
Al-AsmaiZoology, Botany, Animal Husbandry.740 - 828
Al-Khwarizmi (Algorizm)Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography. (Algorithm, Algebra, calculus)770 - 840
'Amr ibn Bahr Al-JahizZoology, Arabic Grammar, Rhetoric, Lexicography776 - 868
Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Alkindus)Philosophy, Physics, Optics, Medicine, Mathematics, Metallurgy.800 - 873
Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit)Astronomy, Mechanics, Geometry, Anatomy.836 - 901
'Abbas Ibn FirnasMechanics of Flight, Planetarium, Artificial Crystals.Died 888
Ali Ibn Rabban Al-TabariMedicine, Mathematics, Caligraphy, Literature.838 - 870
Al-Battani (Albategnius)Astronomy, mathematics, Trigonometry.858 - 929
Al-Farghani (Al-Fraganus)Astronomy, Civil Engineering.C. 860
Al-Razi (Rhazes)Medicine, Ophthalmology, Smallpox, Chemistry, Astronomy.864 - 930
Al-Farabi (Al-Pharabius)Sociology, Logic, Philosophy, Political Science, Music.870 - 950
Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu'diGeography, History.Died 957
Al-Sufi (Azophi)Astronomy903 - 986
Abu Al-Qasim Al-Zahravi (Albucasis)Surgery, Medicine. (Father of Modern Surgery)936 - 1013
Muhammad Al-BuzjaniMathematics, Astronomy, Geometry, Trigonometry.940 - 997
Ibn Al-Haitham (Alhazen)Physics, Optics, Mathematics.965 - 1040
Al-Mawardi (Alboacen)Political Science, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Ethics.972 - 1058
Abu Raihan Al-BiruniAstronomy, Mathematics. (Determined Earth's Circumference)973-1048
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)Medicine, Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy.981 - 1037
Al-Zarqali (Arzachel)Astronomy (Invented Astrolabe).1028 - 1087
Omar Al-KhayyamMathematics, Poetry.1044 - 1123
Al-Ghazali (Algazel)Sociology, Theology, Philosophy.1058 - 1111
Fall of Muslim Toledo (1085), Corsica and Malta (1090), Provence (1050), Sicily (1091) and Jerusalem (1099). Several Crusades. First wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred years. Refer to Muslim History. Translators of Scientific Knowledge in the Middle Ages
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Yahya (Ibn Bajjah)Philosophy, Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Poetry, Music.1106 - 1138
Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar)Surgery, Medicine.1091 - 1161
Al-Idrisi (Dreses)Geography (World Map, First Globe).1099 - 1166
Ibn Tufayl, AbdubacerPhilosophy, Medicine, Poetry.1110 - 1185
Ibn Rushd (Averroes)Philosophy, Law, Medicine, Astronomy, Theology.1128 - 1198
Al-Bitruji (Alpetragius)AstronomyDied 1204
Second wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure over a period of one hundred and twelve years. Crusader invasions (1217-1291) and Mongol invasions (1219-1329). Crusaders active throughout the Mediterranean from Jerusalem and west to Muslim Spain. Fall of Muslim Cordoba (1236), Valencia (1238) and Seville (1248). Mongols devastation from the eastern most Muslim frontier, Central and Western Asia, India, Persia to Arab heartland. Fall of Baghdad (1258) and the end of Abbasid Caliphate. Two million Muslims massacred in Baghdad. Major scientific institutions, laboratories, and infrastructure destroyed in leading Muslim centers of civilization. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts III, IV."
Ibn Al-BaitarPharmacy, BotanyDied 1248
Nasir Al-Din Al-TusiAstronomy, Non-Euclidean Geometry.1201 - 1274
Jalal Al-Din RumiSociology1207 - 1273
Ibn Al-Nafis DamishquiAnatomy1213 - 1288
Al-Fida (Abdulfeda)Astronomy, Geography, Histrory.1273 - 1331
Muhammad Ibn Abdullah (Ibn Battuta)World Traveler. 75,000 mile voyage from Morocco to China and back.1304 - 1369
Ibn KhaldunSociology, Philosophy of History, Political Science.1332 - 1395
Ulugh BegAstronomy1393 - 1449
Third wave of devastation of Muslim resources, lives, properties, institutions, and infrastructure. End of Muslim rule in Spain (1492). More than one million volumes of Muslim works on science, arts, philosophy and culture was burnt in the public square of Vivarrambla in Granada. Colonization began in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Refer to "A Chronology of Muslim History Parts IV, V (e.g., 1455, 1494, 1500, 1510, 1524, and 1538)"


Two hundred years before a comparable development elsewhere, Turkish scientist Hazarfen Ahmet Celebi took off from Galata tower and flew over the Bosphorus. Logari Hasan Celebi, another member of the Celebi family, sent the first manned rocket, using 150 okka (about 300 pounds) of gunpowder as the firing fuel.


Tipu, Sultan of Mysore [1783-1799] in the south of India, was the innovator of the world's first war rocket. Two of his rockets, captured by the British at Srirangapatana, are displayed in the Woolwich Museum Artillery in London. The rocket motor casing was made of steel with multiple nozzles. The rocket, 50mm in diameter and 250mm long, had a range performance of 900 meters to 1.5 km. "

1001 Inventions - Discover The Muslim Heritage In Our World | 1001 Inventions
How Islamic inventors changed the world - Science, News - The Independent
Muslim Scientists and Islamic Civilization

Akina Yoshua na October ! Chomoeni kitu hicho! hapo bado aya hazijashushwa ............... hivi hawa wanajua Quran imezungumzia kuhusu maisha ya "NYUKI" ? wanajua kuwa Quran inazungumzia kuhusu Uzazi ?(mambo ya XY na YY) :whoo:

 

[mmakonde]

Mwamedi alikuwa mtu wa chini tu!

 

[furahi]

Muslims will be rewarded in heaven

Hahahahahahahahahaha!

 

[rreporter2010]

Mwamedi alikuwa mtu wa chini tu!

Si mwamedi ,Ni Muhammad(S.A.W)
Wazungu wenyewe wanamkubali katika Wanadamu wenye "ATHARI" duniani na yeye yupo.
Ama unataka tulete data!!!!!!!!!!!

 

[rreporter2010]

Akina Yoshua na October ! Chomoeni kitu hicho! hapo bado aya hazijashushwa ............... hivi hawa wanajua Quran imezungumzia kuhusu maisha ya "NYUKI" ? wanajua kuwa Quran inazungumzia kuhusu Uzazi ?(mambo ya XY na YY) :whoo:

Nafikiri hawajui,
Wanaanzisha ugomvi wasio uweza

 

[YeshuaHaMelech]

Akina Yoshua na October ! Chomoeni kitu hicho! hapo bado aya hazijashushwa ............... hivi hawa wanajua Quran imezungumzia kuhusu maisha ya "NYUKI" ? wanajua kuwa Quran inazungumzia kuhusu Uzazi ?(mambo ya XY na YY) :whoo:

Hahaaaa! Ally and the co are desparately finding something to justify that Muslims blah blah!

Check wikipedia on coffee

Ethiopian ancestors of today's Oromo people were believed to have been the first to recognize the energizing effect of the coffee bean plant.[3] However, no direct evidence has been found indicating where in Africa coffee grew or who among the natives might have used it as a stimulant or even known about it, earlier than the 17th century.[3] The story of Kaldi, the 9th-century Ethiopian goatherd who discovered coffee, did not appear in writing until 1671 and is probably apocryphal.[3] From Ethiopia, the beverage was introduced into the Arab world through Egypt and Yemen.[113]

Check bolded and tell us why should we believe the rest of his/her "evidences"

 

[YeshuaHaMelech]

Nafikiri hawajui,
Wanaanzisha ugomvi wasio uweza

Lying is modus operandi of you and many of your fellow muslims, isn't it?
I didn't knew it is a fight anyway! Who are you gonna fight with?
Fighting is the best way of wasting energy, and I'm not ready to waste any of my energy!

 

[rreporter2010]

Hahaaaa! Ally and the co are desparately finding something to justify that Muslims blah blah!

Check wikipedia on coffee
Check bolded and tell us why should we believe the rest of his/her "evidences"

The point here is the Muslim invented Coffee and spread to the rest of the world, it doesn't matter weather from middle east or from Ethiopia.

International coffee organization/The Story Of Coffee

 

[Ally Kombo]

Mwamedi alikuwa mtu wa chini tu!

Hilo ndio ulijualo! na ndio kipimo chako!