Wakali wa epidemiology msaada hapa

[mzama chumvini]

Q.1 Local healer from Nanyumbu Distict claimed that eating Kisamvu among people living with HIV reduces viral load. A study was designed to examine the effect of Kisamvu on viral load among HIV positive individuals attending CTC. A total of 1000 HIV positive persons were listed and invited to participate. Of these, 850 accepted to participate. Baseline survey indicated that 250 of the participants were consuming Kisamvu daily. All participants were followed for 2 years with monthly estimation of their viral load. After 2 years of follow-up, 736 individuals were available for analysis. A total of 32 persons exposed and 86 unexposed individuals were found to have significant reduction in viral load.
What was the study design?

1. Mention the exposure and outcome in this study

2. Define loss to follow-up
In this study, how many people were lost to follow-up?

3. Briefly, what is the effect of loss to follow-up in such study?

4. What your conclusion regarding the effect of Kisamvu?

 

[carcinoma]

Q.1 Local healer from Nanyumbu Distict claimed that eating Kisamvu among people living with HIV reduces viral load. A study was designed to examine the effect of Kisamvu on viral load among HIV positive individuals attending CTC. A total of 1000 HIV positive persons were listed and invited to participate. Of these, 850 accepted to participate. Baseline survey indicated that 250 of the participants were consuming Kisamvu daily. All participants were followed for 2 years with monthly estimation of their viral load. After 2 years of follow-up, 736 individuals were available for analysis. A total of 32 persons exposed and 86 unexposed individuals were found to have significant reduction in viral load.
What was the study design?

1. Mention the exposure and outcome in this study

2. Define loss to follow-up
In this study, how many people were lost to follow-up?

3. Briefly, what is the effect of loss to follow-up in such study?

4. What your conclusion regarding the effect of Kisamvu?

Hilo swali kakopy kwenye kitabu flani jina nimesahau......ningekusovia lkn tatizo niko vibaya kwenye math labda nikumbuke jina la kitabu

 

[HansMapunda]

Q.1 Local healer from Nanyumbu Distict claimed that eating Kisamvu among people living with HIV reduces viral load. A study was designed to examine the effect of Kisamvu on viral load among HIV positive individuals attending CTC. A total of 1000 HIV positive persons were listed and invited to participate. Of these, 850 accepted to participate. Baseline survey indicated that 250 of the participants were consuming Kisamvu daily. All participants were followed for 2 years with monthly estimation of their viral load. After 2 years of follow-up, 736 individuals were available for analysis. A total of 32 persons exposed and 86 unexposed individuals were found to have significant reduction in viral load.
What was the study design?

1. Mention the exposure and outcome in this study

2. Define loss to follow-up
In this study, how many people were lost to follow-up?

3. Briefly, what is the effect of loss to follow-up in such study?

4. What your conclusion regarding the effect of Kisamvu?

Ok, sijajua kama swali hili lilishapata jibu au la. ila naweza kusema yafuatayo;

1. Study Design ni Cohort
2. Exposure is Daily Consumtion of Kisamvu and outcome is Reduced Viral Load among HIV + Individuals attending CTC.
3. Loss to follow up in this study were the people who accepted to participated in the study but were not present at the 4. time of analysis. Their nuber was 850-736=114
4. The effect of loss to follow up is that, It has reduced the number of participants if were present they could have contributed to study outcome of interest.
5.From the two by two table

People who consumed kisamvu and had reduced viral load were 32
People who did not consume kisamvu and had reduced viral load were 86
People who consumed kisamvu and had no reduced viral load were 218 (218-32)
People who did not consum kisamvu and had no reduced viral load were 400 (486-86)
Total number of people who daily consumed kisamvu were 250
Total number of people who did not consumed kisamvu were 486 (736-250)
Total number of participants available for analysis were 736

from data above let us calculate risk ratio,

Risk ratio= Risk of outcome among exposed/Risk of outcome among unexposed
= (32/250)/(86/486)=0.72
Risk Difference = (32/250)-(86/486)=-0.049

From the above calculation the Risk ratio and Risk Difference are 0.72 and -0.049 respectively (both less than 1). This means that daily consumption of kisamvu does not reduce viral load among HIV+ Individuals. But because the HIV+ individuals were attending CTC possibly (High probability) AVRs were responsible for reduction in viral load.

Nawasilisha,,

 

[HansMapunda]

Ok, sijajua kama swali hili lilishapata jibu au la. ila naweza kusema yafuatayo;

1. Study Design ni Cohort
2. Exposure is Daily Consumtion of Kisamvu and outcome is Reduced Viral Load among HIV + Individuals attending CTC.
3. Loss to follow up in this study were the people who accepted to participated in the study but were not present at the 4. time of analysis. Their nuber was 850-736=114
4. The effect of loss to follow up is that, It has reduced the number of participants if were present they could have contributed to study outcome of interest.
5.From the two by two table

People who consumed kisamvu and had reduced viral load were 32
People who did not consume kisamvu and had reduced viral load were 86
People who consumed kisamvu and had no reduced viral load were 218 (218-32)
People who did not consum kisamvu and had no reduced viral load were 400 (486-86)
Total number of people who daily consumed kisamvu were 250
Total number of people who did not consumed kisamvu were 486 (736-250)
Total number of participants available for analysis were 736

from data above let us calculate risk ratio,

Risk ratio= Risk of outcome among exposed/Risk of outcome among unexposed
= (32/250)/(86/486)=0.72
Risk Difference = (32/250)-(86/486)=-0.049

From the above calculation the Risk ratio and Risk Difference are 0.72 and -0.049 respectively (both less than 1). This means that daily consumption of kisamvu does not reduce viral load among HIV+ Individuals. But because the HIV+ individuals were attending CTC possibly (High probability) AVRs were responsible for reduction in viral load.

Nawasilisha,,