Mchambuzi
JF-Expert Member
- Aug 24, 2007
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Ndugu zangu wana JF, kwa wale watakaojaliwa kuwa na pumzi ifikapo tarehe 9 Disemba 2011, ni kauli ipi itakuwa sahihi kwako kama watanzania?
Falfasa ya hayati baba wa taifa Mwalimu Nyerere juu ya maana ya neno uhuru inazidi kuninyima raha kila nisikiapo kauli za viongozi pamoja kutoka vyombo vya habari juu ya kilele cha sherehe za miaka 50 ya uhuru; Ukweli ulio bayana ni kwamba watanzania wengi, hususan vijana, hivi sasa wapo katika kilele cha kulipuka na kuanza kutafuta uhuru na haki yao kwa nguvu ya umma. Kinachosubiriwa na wengi hivi sasa wasaha tu kwani vijana wengi wameshakata tamaa na kupoteza matumaini ya maisha; serikali ya CCM bado ina nafasi ya kurekebisha mambo ingawa muda unazidi kuitupa mkono;
Ebu tuangalie Mwalimu Nyerere anaizungumziaje dhana ya uhuru; Maneno haya ya Mwalimu yapo katika hotuba yake juu ya uhuru na Maendeleo aliyoitoa Mwezi Oktoba 1968 Dar-es-salaam); Hotuba hii inapatikana katika kitabu chake cha maongozi kilichotolewa mwezi Oktoba 1968:
Uhuru na Maendeleo ni vitu vinavyohusiana sana; uhusiana wao ni sawa na uhusiano baina ya kuku na yai! Bila ya kuku hupati yai na bila ya mayai kuku watakwisha. Vile vile, bila ya uhuru hupati Maendeleo, na bila ya Maendeleo ni dhahiri kwamba uhuru wako utapotea.
Mwalimu anaendelea kusema
Tunapozungumza habari za uhuru maana yetu nini hasa? Kwanza, kuna uhuru wa nchi; yani uwezo wa wananchi kujipangia maisha yao, wakijitawala wenyewe bila ya kuingiliwa kati na mtu ye yote asiyekuwa Mtanzania. Pili, kuna uhuru wa kutosumbuliwa na njaa, maradhi, na umaskini. Na tatu, kuna uhuru wa mtu binafsi; yaani haki yake kuishi, akiheshimika sawa na wengine wote, uhuru wake wa kusema, na uhuru wake wa kushiriki katika uamuzi wa mambo yote yanayogusa maisha yake, na uhuru wa kutokamatwa ovyo na kutiwa ndani kwa kuwa tu kamuudhi mkubwa, japo kama hakuvunja sheria yoyote. Yote hayo ni mambo yanayouhusu uhuru, na hatuwezi kusema kuwa wananchi wa Tanzania ni huru mpaka tuwe tuna uhakika kwamba wanao uhuru wa mambo yote hayo. Lakini ni dhahiri kwamba mambo hayo yanategemea Maendeleo ya uchumi. Madhali nchi yetu bado maskini, na wananchi hawakupata elimu, na ni wajinga na wanyonge basi uhuru wetu wa kujitawala unaweza kuhatarishwa na taifa lolote la kigeni lenye Maendeleo na nguvu zaidi
J.K Nyerere, Oktoba 1968
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Binafsi ningependa kuongezea hapa aliposema Mwalimu:
Madhali nchi yetu bado maskini, na wananchi hawakupata elimu, na ni wajinga na wanyonge basi uhuru wetu wa kujitawala unaweza kuhatarishwa na taifa lolote la kigeni lenye Maendeleo na nguvu zaidi
Maoni yangu juu ya kauli ya Mwalimu ya hapo juu ni kwamba kimsingi, katika hali ya leo, kwa vijana wengi uhuru wao wa kujitawala unahatarishwa zaidi na baadhi watawala (au viongozi) wa CCM kuliko unavyohatarishwa na mataifa ya kigeni. Mfano, rejea taarifa za vyombo vya habari kwamba Serikali ya Uingereza imepunguza msaada wake katika bajeti ya serikali ya Tanzania (2011-2012) sababu kubwa moja wapo ikiwa waingereza kutoridishwa na jitihada za serikali za kutokomeza umaskini!
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Kauli ya serikali ya CCM kwamba TUMEDHUBUTU, TUMEWEZA NA TUNASONGA MBELE ni Matusi ya nguoni kwa Watanzania. Kwanini nadiriki kusema hivi?
Ni kutokana na mimi binafsi kuzidi kuielewa falfasa yake juu ya uhuru. Septemba ya mwaka 1971 Mwalimu aliwasilisha ripoti yake kwenye mkutano mkuu wa TANU juu ya miaka kumi ya mwanzo ya uhuru. Inastaajabisha kugundua kwamba mengi ya matatizo aliyoyazungumza Mwalimu juu ya Tanzania ya mwaka 1961 bado yapo miaka 50 baadae na mbaya zaidi matatizo hayo ndio kiini cha sababu kwanini watanzania zaidi ya asilimia 85 miaka 50 baada ya uhuru bado ni maskini wa kutupwa bila kuokotwa. Mwwalimu alisema:
In Bagamoyo in December 1961, I made what many people regarded as a rash statement. I said that in the coming ten years, the people of Tanganyika would do more to develop our country than the colonialist had done in the previous forty years. Those ten years will be up on December 9 this year. Have we justified my prophesy? More important, how does life feel to the people of Tanzania? What progress have we made in dealing with the poverty, ignorance and disease which I referred to on that day? And, following from that question, what new problems of development have we reached in 1971?
This report is intended to give a general answer to those questions. It will reveal much that we can be so proud of but also some things which give very little cause for satisfaction and really show only how far we have yet to go, and how much we have to do. For over the past ten years we have made many mistakes and some of these we have hardly begun to correct. It is necessary that we face up to these matters now and realize the kind of effort which is called for. Yet in doing this we must not allow ourselves to be discouraged; for the truth is that we have done a great deal in the past ten years. We have made many changes, we have done a lot of building and we have now created a base from which our nation can advance more quickly and more freely in the future.
We certainly did not have a very good base in December 196. The independence we celebrated that month was political independence only. It was a vital and very fundamental event, for it gave this nation the legal right to make its own decisions on all matters. Without that we could make no progress, and we were therefore right to celebrate on 9 December 1961. But we were also right to recognize that we had won the right to begin work and nothing more.
The fact is that political independence always exists within a framework of a nations actual strength and its relative position in the world as regards economic, diplomatic and military power. In other words, an independent nations legal power to make any decision it wishes is in practice restricted by that nations real capacity. Its legal independence and its real independence may thus be quite different things. And in December 1961, Tanganyika did not attain economic power and certainly not economic independence. We gained the political power to decide what to do; we lacked the economic and administrative power which would have given us freedom in those decisions. For it is no use deciding to import more goods than you have foreign currency to pay for, or deciding to provide free books for all children if you have neither the teachers, the buildings nor the money to make a reality of that decision. A nations freedom depends on its capacity to do things, not on the legal rights conferred by its internationally recognized sovereignty
J.K. Nyerere, 1971.
Katika hotuba hiyo hapo juu, je Mwalimu aliizungumziaje hali ya uchumi ya mwaka 1961 na je hali hiyo ina tofauti gani kubwa nay a sasa?
The economy of the newly independent Tanganyika was typically colonial. It depended on the production of subsistence foodstuffs and primary commodities for exports; almost all the monetary sector had grown in accordance with the needs of foreign countries. Thus the largest single export was unprocessed sisal, with raw cotton and coffee following behind. Together the value of these three crops accounted for some 54% of the total domestic product. The vast majority of the farmers were, in fact still just subsistence producers. Further, the subsistence agriculture was still mostly based on a shifting cultivation pattern, with the units being small and output depending entirely on the vagaries of the weather and the good health of the individual peasant at critical moments during the production process. The net result was a life of poverty and insecurity for the masses of the people, while a small number of foreign companies from Europe were obtaining a comfortable life often at the expense of the exploited workers.
The industrial sector of the Tanganyika economy in December 1961 was so small as to be hardly worth noticing. In so far as small factories such as breweries and cigarette manufacturing plants did exist, they were alien owned and controlled. Thus overall, the wealth produced in Tanganyika at independence provided for its people very little more than subsistence at a low level. Any surplus produced above this was mostly exported to the home territories of the foreign companies or agricultural estate owner.
For that reason it is not surprising that the social services were at a very low level. The bulk of health and education services were in fact still being provided through voluntary agencies religious missions or charities which received subventions from the tax revenues of Tanganyika.
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Maswali ya msingi ya kujiuliza ni je:
Serikali ije na mkakati mzuri na kuja na azimio mfano Azimio la Singida au Mwanza au Mbeya n.k ilimradi lilete a new vision and commitment on part of serikali ya CCM ambayo itafufua matumaini ya watanzania ambao wengi wao ni maskini wa kutupa, na walirithi umaskini huo kutoka kwa babu na bibi zao walioshuhudia uhuru na Mwalimu Nyerere pale uwanjani disemba 9 mwaka 1961; tofauti ya mababu na mabibi wale ni kwamba walikuwa na matumaini makubwa sana kwamba kwa misingi itakayowekwa na Mwalimu Nyerere, basi miaka 50 ijayo wajukuu zao wataishi maisha yenye neema tele kama watanzania huru na wenye maendeleo; Na hiyo ndio maana ya falfasa yangu kwa miaka yote ya uanachama humu Jamiiforums kwamba - Mlango tuliongilia mwaka 1967 ndio huo huo tutakaotokea mwaka 1995 2005 2015 na vizazi vijavyo kwa maana ya kwamba katika kila chaguzi, serikali mpya inayoingia madarakani huwa inapata nafasi ya kuirudisha nchi yetu katika mstari na msingi aliotuwekea baba wa taifa kwani azimio la Arusha bado ni relevant kwa asilimia zaidi ya 80 kukidhi mahitaji yetu ya leo; Tunachotakiwa kufanya ni kurudi nyuma na kuchukua maeneo relevant ndani ya azimio la Arusha. Uchaguzi mkuu ujao (2015) sio mbali kama mtu unataka kufanya mambo yenye upeo kwa ajili ya taifa letu; mwaka 2015 ni fursa nyingine kwa wale watakaojaliwa na mola kuishi hadi wakati huo kufanya maamuzi ya kujikomboa na kuwa huru na wenye Maendeleo kwa kuzingatia dhana na falsafa ya Baba wa taifa.
Ningependa kumalizia kwa maneno mengine ya hayati baba wa taifa kutoka katika hotuba yake aliyoitoa kwa njia ya redio oktoba 24, 1970 juu ya uchaguzi:
Kuna mambo mawili nataka kuwakumbusha. Kwanza, utakapopiga kura yako tarehe 30 Oktoba, hudaiwi kupiga kura ya asante kwa kazi ya siku zilizopita. Unaomba kupiga kura ya imani kuwa mtu unayemchagua anaweza kuwatumikia katika siku zijazo. Inawezekana mtu mzuri sana akawa sasa, kwa mawazo yake, ni mzee mno, au mgonjwa mno, kuweza kufanya kazi nzuri katika miaka mitano ijayo, kama alivyoifanya siku zilizopita. Kazi ya siku zilizopita ni kipimo kimoja tu cha uwezo wa mtu kuwatumikia; siyo hirizi ya uwezo wa siku za mbele;
Pili, ingawa kura si asante na wala si zawadi kwa kazi iliyopita (ni imani kwa kazi ya siku za mbele), viongozi wenu si nguo;uchaguzi si meli mpya kama nguo za kina mama. Mnachagua watu wa kuiongoza nchi yetu kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano ijayo. Kama huna imani tena na kiongozi wa zamani, mjaribu kiongozi mwingine, ikiwa unaamini kuwa huyo mwingine ni kiongozi bora zaidi. Lakini ikiwa kiongozi wako wa zamani kafanya kazi yake vizuri katika kipindi kilichopita, na huna sababu ya kukufanya ufikiri kuwa hataendelea kufanya kazi yake vizuri katika kipindi kifuatacho, na wala si dhahiri kwamba mwenzake atafanya kazi vizuri zaidi, usimbadili tu kama nguo ili ujifurahishe moyo
J.K Nyerere, Oktoba 1970.
- Mwaka huu tunasheherekea Miaka 50 ya uhuru (wa Tanganyika? Tanzania?);
- Mwaka huu tunasheherekea miaka 50 baada ya uhuru (wa Tanganyika? Tanzania?);
- Mwaka huu tunatimiza miaka 50 ya uhuru (wa Tanganyika? Tanzania?);
- Mwaka huu tunatimiza miaka 50 baaada ya uhuru (wa Tanganyika? Tanzania?);
Falfasa ya hayati baba wa taifa Mwalimu Nyerere juu ya maana ya neno uhuru inazidi kuninyima raha kila nisikiapo kauli za viongozi pamoja kutoka vyombo vya habari juu ya kilele cha sherehe za miaka 50 ya uhuru; Ukweli ulio bayana ni kwamba watanzania wengi, hususan vijana, hivi sasa wapo katika kilele cha kulipuka na kuanza kutafuta uhuru na haki yao kwa nguvu ya umma. Kinachosubiriwa na wengi hivi sasa wasaha tu kwani vijana wengi wameshakata tamaa na kupoteza matumaini ya maisha; serikali ya CCM bado ina nafasi ya kurekebisha mambo ingawa muda unazidi kuitupa mkono;
Ebu tuangalie Mwalimu Nyerere anaizungumziaje dhana ya uhuru; Maneno haya ya Mwalimu yapo katika hotuba yake juu ya uhuru na Maendeleo aliyoitoa Mwezi Oktoba 1968 Dar-es-salaam); Hotuba hii inapatikana katika kitabu chake cha maongozi kilichotolewa mwezi Oktoba 1968:
Uhuru na Maendeleo ni vitu vinavyohusiana sana; uhusiana wao ni sawa na uhusiano baina ya kuku na yai! Bila ya kuku hupati yai na bila ya mayai kuku watakwisha. Vile vile, bila ya uhuru hupati Maendeleo, na bila ya Maendeleo ni dhahiri kwamba uhuru wako utapotea.
Mwalimu anaendelea kusema
Tunapozungumza habari za uhuru maana yetu nini hasa? Kwanza, kuna uhuru wa nchi; yani uwezo wa wananchi kujipangia maisha yao, wakijitawala wenyewe bila ya kuingiliwa kati na mtu ye yote asiyekuwa Mtanzania. Pili, kuna uhuru wa kutosumbuliwa na njaa, maradhi, na umaskini. Na tatu, kuna uhuru wa mtu binafsi; yaani haki yake kuishi, akiheshimika sawa na wengine wote, uhuru wake wa kusema, na uhuru wake wa kushiriki katika uamuzi wa mambo yote yanayogusa maisha yake, na uhuru wa kutokamatwa ovyo na kutiwa ndani kwa kuwa tu kamuudhi mkubwa, japo kama hakuvunja sheria yoyote. Yote hayo ni mambo yanayouhusu uhuru, na hatuwezi kusema kuwa wananchi wa Tanzania ni huru mpaka tuwe tuna uhakika kwamba wanao uhuru wa mambo yote hayo. Lakini ni dhahiri kwamba mambo hayo yanategemea Maendeleo ya uchumi. Madhali nchi yetu bado maskini, na wananchi hawakupata elimu, na ni wajinga na wanyonge basi uhuru wetu wa kujitawala unaweza kuhatarishwa na taifa lolote la kigeni lenye Maendeleo na nguvu zaidi
J.K Nyerere, Oktoba 1968
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Binafsi ningependa kuongezea hapa aliposema Mwalimu:
Madhali nchi yetu bado maskini, na wananchi hawakupata elimu, na ni wajinga na wanyonge basi uhuru wetu wa kujitawala unaweza kuhatarishwa na taifa lolote la kigeni lenye Maendeleo na nguvu zaidi
Maoni yangu juu ya kauli ya Mwalimu ya hapo juu ni kwamba kimsingi, katika hali ya leo, kwa vijana wengi uhuru wao wa kujitawala unahatarishwa zaidi na baadhi watawala (au viongozi) wa CCM kuliko unavyohatarishwa na mataifa ya kigeni. Mfano, rejea taarifa za vyombo vya habari kwamba Serikali ya Uingereza imepunguza msaada wake katika bajeti ya serikali ya Tanzania (2011-2012) sababu kubwa moja wapo ikiwa waingereza kutoridishwa na jitihada za serikali za kutokomeza umaskini!
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Kauli ya serikali ya CCM kwamba TUMEDHUBUTU, TUMEWEZA NA TUNASONGA MBELE ni Matusi ya nguoni kwa Watanzania. Kwanini nadiriki kusema hivi?
Ni kutokana na mimi binafsi kuzidi kuielewa falfasa yake juu ya uhuru. Septemba ya mwaka 1971 Mwalimu aliwasilisha ripoti yake kwenye mkutano mkuu wa TANU juu ya miaka kumi ya mwanzo ya uhuru. Inastaajabisha kugundua kwamba mengi ya matatizo aliyoyazungumza Mwalimu juu ya Tanzania ya mwaka 1961 bado yapo miaka 50 baadae na mbaya zaidi matatizo hayo ndio kiini cha sababu kwanini watanzania zaidi ya asilimia 85 miaka 50 baada ya uhuru bado ni maskini wa kutupwa bila kuokotwa. Mwwalimu alisema:
In Bagamoyo in December 1961, I made what many people regarded as a rash statement. I said that in the coming ten years, the people of Tanganyika would do more to develop our country than the colonialist had done in the previous forty years. Those ten years will be up on December 9 this year. Have we justified my prophesy? More important, how does life feel to the people of Tanzania? What progress have we made in dealing with the poverty, ignorance and disease which I referred to on that day? And, following from that question, what new problems of development have we reached in 1971?
This report is intended to give a general answer to those questions. It will reveal much that we can be so proud of but also some things which give very little cause for satisfaction and really show only how far we have yet to go, and how much we have to do. For over the past ten years we have made many mistakes and some of these we have hardly begun to correct. It is necessary that we face up to these matters now and realize the kind of effort which is called for. Yet in doing this we must not allow ourselves to be discouraged; for the truth is that we have done a great deal in the past ten years. We have made many changes, we have done a lot of building and we have now created a base from which our nation can advance more quickly and more freely in the future.
We certainly did not have a very good base in December 196. The independence we celebrated that month was political independence only. It was a vital and very fundamental event, for it gave this nation the legal right to make its own decisions on all matters. Without that we could make no progress, and we were therefore right to celebrate on 9 December 1961. But we were also right to recognize that we had won the right to begin work and nothing more.
The fact is that political independence always exists within a framework of a nations actual strength and its relative position in the world as regards economic, diplomatic and military power. In other words, an independent nations legal power to make any decision it wishes is in practice restricted by that nations real capacity. Its legal independence and its real independence may thus be quite different things. And in December 1961, Tanganyika did not attain economic power and certainly not economic independence. We gained the political power to decide what to do; we lacked the economic and administrative power which would have given us freedom in those decisions. For it is no use deciding to import more goods than you have foreign currency to pay for, or deciding to provide free books for all children if you have neither the teachers, the buildings nor the money to make a reality of that decision. A nations freedom depends on its capacity to do things, not on the legal rights conferred by its internationally recognized sovereignty
J.K. Nyerere, 1971.
Katika hotuba hiyo hapo juu, je Mwalimu aliizungumziaje hali ya uchumi ya mwaka 1961 na je hali hiyo ina tofauti gani kubwa nay a sasa?
The economy of the newly independent Tanganyika was typically colonial. It depended on the production of subsistence foodstuffs and primary commodities for exports; almost all the monetary sector had grown in accordance with the needs of foreign countries. Thus the largest single export was unprocessed sisal, with raw cotton and coffee following behind. Together the value of these three crops accounted for some 54% of the total domestic product. The vast majority of the farmers were, in fact still just subsistence producers. Further, the subsistence agriculture was still mostly based on a shifting cultivation pattern, with the units being small and output depending entirely on the vagaries of the weather and the good health of the individual peasant at critical moments during the production process. The net result was a life of poverty and insecurity for the masses of the people, while a small number of foreign companies from Europe were obtaining a comfortable life often at the expense of the exploited workers.
The industrial sector of the Tanganyika economy in December 1961 was so small as to be hardly worth noticing. In so far as small factories such as breweries and cigarette manufacturing plants did exist, they were alien owned and controlled. Thus overall, the wealth produced in Tanganyika at independence provided for its people very little more than subsistence at a low level. Any surplus produced above this was mostly exported to the home territories of the foreign companies or agricultural estate owner.
For that reason it is not surprising that the social services were at a very low level. The bulk of health and education services were in fact still being provided through voluntary agencies religious missions or charities which received subventions from the tax revenues of Tanganyika.
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Maswali ya msingi ya kujiuliza ni je:
- Leo hii Mwalimu angekuwa hai, content ya hotuba yake ingebadilika kwa kiasi gani miaka 50 baadae (yani mwaka 1961 relative to mwaka 2011)?
- Viongozi wa sasa wafanye nini ili mwaka 2011 uwe wa kufufua matumaini ya watanzania?
Serikali ije na mkakati mzuri na kuja na azimio mfano Azimio la Singida au Mwanza au Mbeya n.k ilimradi lilete a new vision and commitment on part of serikali ya CCM ambayo itafufua matumaini ya watanzania ambao wengi wao ni maskini wa kutupa, na walirithi umaskini huo kutoka kwa babu na bibi zao walioshuhudia uhuru na Mwalimu Nyerere pale uwanjani disemba 9 mwaka 1961; tofauti ya mababu na mabibi wale ni kwamba walikuwa na matumaini makubwa sana kwamba kwa misingi itakayowekwa na Mwalimu Nyerere, basi miaka 50 ijayo wajukuu zao wataishi maisha yenye neema tele kama watanzania huru na wenye maendeleo; Na hiyo ndio maana ya falfasa yangu kwa miaka yote ya uanachama humu Jamiiforums kwamba - Mlango tuliongilia mwaka 1967 ndio huo huo tutakaotokea mwaka 1995 2005 2015 na vizazi vijavyo kwa maana ya kwamba katika kila chaguzi, serikali mpya inayoingia madarakani huwa inapata nafasi ya kuirudisha nchi yetu katika mstari na msingi aliotuwekea baba wa taifa kwani azimio la Arusha bado ni relevant kwa asilimia zaidi ya 80 kukidhi mahitaji yetu ya leo; Tunachotakiwa kufanya ni kurudi nyuma na kuchukua maeneo relevant ndani ya azimio la Arusha. Uchaguzi mkuu ujao (2015) sio mbali kama mtu unataka kufanya mambo yenye upeo kwa ajili ya taifa letu; mwaka 2015 ni fursa nyingine kwa wale watakaojaliwa na mola kuishi hadi wakati huo kufanya maamuzi ya kujikomboa na kuwa huru na wenye Maendeleo kwa kuzingatia dhana na falsafa ya Baba wa taifa.
Ningependa kumalizia kwa maneno mengine ya hayati baba wa taifa kutoka katika hotuba yake aliyoitoa kwa njia ya redio oktoba 24, 1970 juu ya uchaguzi:
Kuna mambo mawili nataka kuwakumbusha. Kwanza, utakapopiga kura yako tarehe 30 Oktoba, hudaiwi kupiga kura ya asante kwa kazi ya siku zilizopita. Unaomba kupiga kura ya imani kuwa mtu unayemchagua anaweza kuwatumikia katika siku zijazo. Inawezekana mtu mzuri sana akawa sasa, kwa mawazo yake, ni mzee mno, au mgonjwa mno, kuweza kufanya kazi nzuri katika miaka mitano ijayo, kama alivyoifanya siku zilizopita. Kazi ya siku zilizopita ni kipimo kimoja tu cha uwezo wa mtu kuwatumikia; siyo hirizi ya uwezo wa siku za mbele;
Pili, ingawa kura si asante na wala si zawadi kwa kazi iliyopita (ni imani kwa kazi ya siku za mbele), viongozi wenu si nguo;uchaguzi si meli mpya kama nguo za kina mama. Mnachagua watu wa kuiongoza nchi yetu kwa kipindi cha miaka mitano ijayo. Kama huna imani tena na kiongozi wa zamani, mjaribu kiongozi mwingine, ikiwa unaamini kuwa huyo mwingine ni kiongozi bora zaidi. Lakini ikiwa kiongozi wako wa zamani kafanya kazi yake vizuri katika kipindi kilichopita, na huna sababu ya kukufanya ufikiri kuwa hataendelea kufanya kazi yake vizuri katika kipindi kifuatacho, na wala si dhahiri kwamba mwenzake atafanya kazi vizuri zaidi, usimbadili tu kama nguo ili ujifurahishe moyo
J.K Nyerere, Oktoba 1970.
