FAKAZA2018
Member
- Dec 6, 2018
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The directive has been in place for two weeks now and affects Acacia at both Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi, which produce a concentrate containing gold, copper and silver.
Bad governance against containing natural resources theft (embezzlement / cheating)! Better that way! Minerals can wait until when there will be good governance to control cheating. For now, NO!It's no longer cheap because you and your current regime aren't getting well interested in mining industry. The one himself in the oval office is destroying our beautiful country, but hey forgetting about foreign outlets and opposition parties, you'd tell the man himself and Professor Kabudi [teh!] that, one major factor that hinder mining development is bad governance.
Now more than ever, the mining industry needs sustainable political, economic and social justice. The world of mining had changed and multilateralism must reflect that and it's a legitimate expectation, vile vile wasipopenda wanaacha lakini nchi inajifia!.
Kwani nilienda wapi?Umerudi tena!
Who engineered those mining bills? And who was the presidential committee co-chair?
How comes? A stakeholder through a social media platform, JF!
Hivi unafahamu unachokiandika lakini?
What's your observations?
The most important factor in mining success are a good governance and management.Bad governance against containing natural resources theft (embezzlement / cheating)! Better that way! Minerals can wait until when there will be good governance to control cheating. For now, NO!
Too much talks! Who's in charge? It's pitiful shameful even to mention his name, but he's a professor from the University of Dar es salaam. Hopeless kabisa!Being the bill engineering hand does not mean there were no other elements in the process ie stakeholders' opinions and legislature. Likewise being a co-chair doesn't make him the dicision maker!
Ain't a Mining Engineer. I'm a Metallurgy and Mineral Processing Engineer from the School of Mines and Petroleum Engineering, College of Earth Science - University of Dodoma.May be you have forgoten your posion in mining engineering!
The right truck!! Or on the right track as they proclaimed.Bila shaka
The nation is currently on the right truck!
To much talks! Who's in charge? It's pitiful shameful even to mention his name, he's a professor! Can't wonder why we're still poor..
Not really! You want to be rich in an overnight? Pole!
Ain't a mining engineer!
You talk as if one! Though at some point and time, you talk as our country's resources' invader!
The right truck!! Or on the right track as they proclaimed.
Nikipata walimu wazuri, nitakuwa mpole! Kwa sasa, afadhali nibaki na ninachojua bila kuongeza a au be.Jaribu kuwa mtulivu ili ujifunze mengi! Ukijifanya kushupaa dunia itakucheka kama inavyofanyika kwa serikali ya Tanzania.
Don't worry, 2020 is at close door for the good governance to come to meet your dreams! What matters most, is how you will play your cards!The most important factor in mining success are a good governance and management.
Perhaps when you'll seeing a successful country in mining industry, what sort of questions do you ask?
Or which pitfalls should investors take into account when looking at a country to invest?
When you are looking at them direct in the eyes its very difficult for them to give you direct answers, but good governance matters.
Sio unawachapa watu risasi au unawafunga wakurungenzi wa makampuni ya madini, halafu unategemea kupiga hatua. Ni wajinga tu ndo watakaokuona unafaa!.
Not for now!Do you have anything to add?
Sio kuicheka serikali ya Tanzania, ni kubeza maamuzi yanayofanywa na baadhi ya viongozi wa serikali ya Tanzania bila kuzingatia utaalamu wa sekta husika.Nikipata walimu wazuri, nitakuwa mpole! Kwa sasa, afadhali nibaki na ninachojua bila kuongeza a au be.
Sijawahi kusikia mtu anaicheka serikali ya Tanzania, isipokuwa kutoka kwako, leo!
MASHAURIANO! Ni kweli!Sio kuicheka serikali ya Tanzania, ni kubeza maamuzi yanayofanywa na baadhi ya viongozi wa serikali bila kuzingatia utaalamu wa sekta husika. Na hili likiwa ni mojawapo!.
Lazima ifike mahali tuwe wakweli ili mambo yaende [njano iwe njano sio nyekundu], sekta ya madini tumeharibu na zisipochukuliwa hatua za tahadhari ndiyo tutaharibu zaidi.
Kwenye sekta kama hii ambayo inahitaji wawekezaji zaidi wa kigeni lazima mashauriano yawepo ili kufikia muhafaka, muhafaka ambao utaambatana na sheria zilizokidhi mahitaji ya kimazingira, kijamii, kiufundi, kiuchumi na kuimarisha mahusiano ya kisiasa baina ya nchi wawekezaji.
Not my dreams, but for better Tanzania.Don't worry, 2020 is at close door for the good governance to come to meet your dreams!
That's for citizens, not for me!.What matters most, is how you will play your cards!
Unajua mambo mengine usifanye kwa ushabiki, jaribu kutuliza akili na kufikiri kwa mapana zaidi.Kwani wakipigwa risasi na kufukuzwa wakurugenzi, Tanzania haina wengine wa kuchukua nafasi za hao wahanga?
Wajinga tunao humu humu ndani wala hawatoki nje!Aidha ni vizuri kwamba tunao werevu kama wewe ambao wanapuuza hao wajinga!
Are you not a citizen?Not my dreams, but for better Tanzania.
That's for citizens, not for me!.
Unajua mambo mengine usifanye kwa ushabiki, jaribu kutuliza akili na kufikiri kwa mapana zaidi.
Kitendo cha mbunge kupigwa risasi siku ya kupitisha muswada wa sheria mpya za madini kimeathiri vipi sekta ya madini?
Kitendo cha kuwatuhumu na kuwafunga kwa uhujumu uchumi wakurungenzi wa makampuni ya Acacia na Barrick ilhali wao ni watendaji tu kinatoa taswira gani kisheria?
Je, huu ndio utawala bora na sheria? Ifike mahala tuambizane ukweli, matukio kama haya ndo yanaifanya Tanzania kuwa nyuma kiuwekezaji katika sekta ya madini.
Wajinga tunao humu humu ndani wala hawatoki nje!
Sina ubishi juu ya umuhimu wa mchakato wa mashauriano na ushirikishwaji (reconciliation and engagement processes) wa wadau kwa masuala yote, yawe ya msingi au la! Ni muhimu!Natumaini tumeelewana!
Doscontentedly noted and thanxI am not only a private citizen. I am simply a man.
Siwezi kusema hilo tukio ni la ujambazi. Kama lingekuwa ni tukio la ujambazi wangebeba kila kitu. Ni tukio la kisiasa lililoambatana na uwasilishaji wa sheria mpya za madini.
Na kitu ambacho watu wengi hawaelewi kuhusu haya makampuni ya madini ni upelelezi na ushushushu wanaofanya kwa ajili ya masilahi yao ya kibiashara.
Kiuhalisia, hali ya kiuwekezaji imetetereka sana nchini Tanzania baada ya utawala wa awamu ya tano kuingia madarakani, hii inasababishwa na aina ya uongozi uliopo kwa wakati huu.
Kupigwa marufuku kwa mikutano ya hadhara ya vyama vya siasa na kukatazwa kuonyeshwa kwa vipindi vya bunge ili serikali iweze kudhibiti habari.
Sasa unategemea nini kwa upande wa uwekezaji kama uhuru wa kupata habari na kupewa habari unadhibitiwa? Hata kama tungekuwa na madini kila mtaa, bila ya kuwa na utawala bora ni bure!
Kuna Deo Mwanyika na Alex Lugendo ambaye ni mshauri wa serikali ndani ya kampuni hiyo ya uchimbaji madini.
Hakuna! Kinachofanyika ni kuendeleza vitalu vilivyokuwa vinamilikiwa hapo kabla, pamoja na hayo yote uchukuaji wa leseni za madini ulisimama kwa muda wa mwaka mmoja hivyo kupelekea shughuli za madini kuzorota.
Hmmm!
All your defenses wont hold any water. The fact is that you guys have been caught with your pants down by the UnAfricanHow and why do we produce gold and copper concentrates?
On Friday 3rd March, the Ministry of Energy and Minerals issued a press release stopping the export of mineral sands on the basis that companies should be investing in building smelters in Tanzania for further processing, rather than shipping this product to other countries.
The directive has been in place for two weeks now and affects Acacia at both Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi, which produce a concentrate containing gold, copper and silver. North Mara is not affected.
Our CEO, Brad Gordon was in Tanzania last week to attend urgent meetings with government officials and to try and explain the impact that this ban will have on our business even while we have further dialogue on a suitable way forward to explore smelter options for Tanzania. At this stage, the ban remains in place though we remain hopeful that there will be some positive news in the near future so that normal operations can be restored.
The export of mineral sands, or in our case, the sale of gold and copper concentrate, is an emotive subject in every country with sovereign mineral wealth. There is a view that Tanzania is losing considerable added value by not smelting and refining concentrates in country, while there is another view that companies are also stealing from Tanzania by not declaring all the metals contained in the concentrate.
These are serious issues, with serious consequences for our integrity and the sustainability and profitability of our business and the Tanzanian mining industry. For Acacia to be successful in Tanzania, we must be able to address and correct these misconceptions. Just so everyone is clear, at our mines, we generate our revenue by:
1. Producing and selling gold bars (doré) which are then refined into a more pure gold product – this accounts for 55% of revenues at Bulyanhulu, 45% of revenues at Buzwagi and 100% of revenues at North Mara
2. Producing and selling a concentrate which is smelted and refined to separate out the gold, copper and silver – this accounts for 45% of revenues at Bulyanhulu, 55% of revenues at Buzwagi and 0% of revenues at North Mara
Gold sales account for 95% of total revenues, with 70% coming from doré sales and 25% coming from gold contained within the concentrate. The remaining 5% of revenues is from copper in the concentrate and a very small amount of silver. On this basis, the company is currently losing 30% of its total revenue stream, and around 50% of the combined revenues of Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi. With the concentrate ban in place, this equates to lost revenue of more than $1 million per day (with additional revenue lost for all of the concentrate sitting in Dar es Salaam waiting for shipment for which royalties have been paid).
Addressing the issue of trust
There is a perception that we do not declare everything that is in our concentrate. This is simply not true.
The Tanzania Minerals Audit Agency (TMAA) is present at each of our mines and even has padlocks and seals on various pieces of equipment inside the gold room so that we cannot operate them without the TMAA being physically present to verify everything that we do. Every gold bar and every shipping container of concentrate is sampled so that we know the content of gold, copper and silver. Four samples are taken: one for Acacia, one for the TMAA, one for the overseas smelter and one umpire sample which is kept separate and used if there is a dispute or difference between the other samples.
Further to having the TMAA on site, when it comes time to transporting the gold bars or the concentrate, the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) is also present to observe the process. Before the containers of concentrate can be loaded onto trucks, we must know the value of the gold, copper and silver in the concentrate from the samples taken, and pay the royalty to the government. When the royalty is received in the government bank accounts, the containers are sealed by the TMAA and TRA and then trucking can commence.
What is a concentrate and why do we produce it?
How we process our ore to liberate the contained precious minerals is determined by how and why these minerals were originally formed or deposited in the rocks hundreds of millions or billions of years ago. The scientific fields of geology, mining engineering and metallurgy (mineral processing) are fascinating and require an in depth understanding of the best way to find, mine and process (extract) the payable minerals.
In general terms, when gold is the only payable mineral present (i.e. >98-99% of the value), we can process the ore on the mine site and create gold bars. At both North Mara and Geita, gold is extracted using gravity techniques for the coarse, free gold and then cyanide to leach the finer disseminated gold. Gold bars are smelted at both mines.
Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi have slightly different processes, due to the rock types at the mines which host the gold (95% of the value) and other payable metals such as copper and silver (the remaining 5% of the value). Both mines are still able to extract around half of their gold using gravity and cyanide leach techniques. However we need to use more elaborate techniques to break down the sulphide rock so that the rest of the gold, copper and silver can be liberated.
Fortunately, we can concentrate the sulphides using a process called ‘flotation’ where chemicals are added to the finely ground rock, causing the ore to float and thus separate from the waste rock. The flotation processes are very effective and allow for the gold, copper and silver to be concentrated into a product with much higher values and a much smaller mass than was originally mined:
Bulyanhulu Mine can process 1.0 million tonnes of underground ore per year and, through the flotation process, remove most of the waste rock and concentrate the minerals into approximately 25,850 tonnes of concentrate containing gold and copper. That is nearly a 40 times reduction in mass which then makes the resultant concentrate valuable enough to sell
Buzwagi Mine can process 4.4 million tonnes of open pit ore per year which is much lower grade and, through flotation, remove most of the waste rock and concentrate the minerals into approximately 25,750 tonnes of concentrate containing gold and copper. That is nearly a 200 times reduction in mass which then makes the resultant concentrate valuable enough to sell
We can never recover 100% of the gold, silver and copper from our ore. At Bulyanhulu, our gravity, cyanide leach and flotation processes are maximised to achieve the best gold recovery whilst recovering sufficient copper to make the concentrate worthwhile for the smelters (whose primary product in copper) to even want to purchase from us.
I trust that people understand from this brief description, that it is the type of orebody that dictates the processing options that we use. In some respects, North Mara and Geita are actually lucky because they are able to do all of their processing on site and only produce gold bars. For the Bulyanhulu and Buzwagi concentrates, gold is still the most important product as the copper and silver is only 10-15% of the value of the concentrate.
Downstream Processing
It appears that one of the main concerns causing the ban on our selling concentrates for export is that we should be doing all of the downstream processing in Tanzania because otherwise the country doesn’t potentially get full benefit for its minerals. It is important to note that our gold/copper/silver concentrates are already a highly processed and beneficiated product.
Whilst the smelters do charge to process our concentrate, on average for the contract terms that we have agreed with the overseas smelters, we receive 97% of the total value of gold, silver and copper. That is because with any smelting or other chemical process, getting 100% recovery is impossible and these terms pass the risk to the overseas smelters to ensure that they can actually achieve above these recovery rates (or they will lose money). In Tanzania (if a smelter were built), the smelter operator would need to offer competitive terms, not just on price but also on recovery of the various metals, therefore their margins would depend on their own processing costs and efficiency.
There are generally two different types of downstream treatment options to extract the gold, copper and silver from the concentrate: smelting and oxidation. There are three types of oxidation process: roasting, pressure oxidation and biooxidation. The type of process used will depend on a number of variables including the types of ore, size of facility and access to cheap power.
1) Smelting: involves heating the concentrate to 1,200°C to melt the valuable metals (gold, copper and silver)
2) Roasting: essentially ‘cooking’ the concentrate at 750°C and isolating the gold, copper and silver by converting the sulphur in the sulphide minerals into sulphur dioxide gas (which then produces large volumes of sulphuric acid)
3) Pressure oxidation: an autoclave (massive oven) operating at temperatures of 190 - 225°C and high pressures of 1.9 - 3.2 MPa (many components constructed from titanium due to the aggressive conditions)
4) Bio-oxidation: use bacteria in a liquid wash at 42°C, which literally ‘eat’ the sulphide away from the contained gold, copper and silver
There is a lot more detail which can be provided to explain these various processing techniques, though in each case the copper is first separated from the gold and silver and these are treated separately to get the final metal product.
If our mines were able to build dedicated downstream processing facilities, they would be tiny compared to the large commercial smelters. Furthermore, power costs in Tanzania are high compared to other countries with developed smelting industry. When the mines were being built (Bulyanhulu in 1999-2000 and Buzwagi in 2007-2008), studies showed that it was far more cost effective to sell the concentrates to large commercial toll smelters with access to cheap power rather than build our own. We currently sell our concentrate to smelters in Germany, China and Japan.
Based on the current mine plan, Buzwagi will only produce concentrate for another 18 months, after which time, when it is processing the low grade oxide stockpiles, it will not recover any copper and all gold will recovered by gravity and cyanide leach. This will leave Bulyanhulu as the only large scale mine in Tanzania which produces a concentrate.
What do you think?
As employees of Acacia, or contractors working at the Acacia mines, or family and friends, you will no doubt wonder why there is no smelting facility for our gold, copper and silver concentrates in Tanzania.
Ultimately, if it made economic sense to do so – for the country and for the company – then such facilities would have been built. In the south of the DRC and in northern Zambia (all part of the same copper belt, where copper is the primary product), there are sufficient mines producing copper concentrate to warrant constructing large smelters and refineries in country to serve a number of mines which can share the cost. In South America, some of the copper mines – such as Chuquicamata in Chile – are so large that they do their own downstream processing (with a capacity of 855,000 tonnes per year, compared to the Bulyanhulu requirement of just 25-30,000 tonnes per year).
The TMAA conducted an independent study into the construction of a smelter for copper and gold in Tanzania which was updated in early 2011 and which concluded that it was not viable to do so. Acacia has offered to fund the Government conducting an update of this study (though we would not be involved in the study itself), to see whether the situation has changed.
It is important that we all understand more about this concentrate ban so that when it is discussed in different circles, more informed comments and discussions can be had. This issue really is affecting all of us. Please do provide feedback so that we can help to make this matter easier to understand, build trust and explain. With the current approach, we believe we are doing the best for Tanzania and Acacia, by downstream processing our gold and copper ore into a gold copper concentrate on site in Tanzania and then selling this product for smelting and refining in other countries.
Asante Sana
Mark Morcombe
Chief Operating Officer
I think that you have gone an astray as your statement is misconception in that point of view.View attachment 494149
I agree wholeheartedly with his actions as a President, but appointing a second committee to conduct an investigation into the mineral content of impounded copper concentrate [metallurgical accounting assessment] is nothing without considering the legislative framework of Tanzania's laws governing the mining industry.
We need the constitutional reform agenda on a mining legal framework. This has to be due to some sort of corruption in the past governments.
"BETTER" in what sense? Better in selling all our assets at GIVE AWAY PRICES or in what areas!? Funguka!The Former President Benjamin William Mkapa was far much better compared to all other Presidents including the current one.