Ahsante mkuu sasareference
chukulia voltage ni pressure ya maji,
current ni flow ya maji
literally speaking, pressure ya maji mathalan kwenye mfumo wa bomba haibadiliki, flow ya maji ndio hubadilika kutegemea na kipenyo cha bomba
chukulia pressure ya maji ni X ( sawa na adapter ya volti X )
na unataka kujaza tenki ( kuchaji betri ya simu ) , ukatumia pipe kubwa kutoka chanzo (size ya waya kubwa) mpaka kwenye tenki (betri) , flow ya maji (current ) itakua kubwa tenki (betri) litajaa fasta
kwa pressure iyoiyo ya maji, ukatumia pipe ya size ndogo kutoka chanzo mpaka kwenye tenki husika, flow itakua ndogo tenki litakawia kujaa






Naona watu wameamua kwenda kufungua vitabu vyao... Ila haya mambo kama mtu kafika form 4 wala hayawezi mpiga chenga.
Jamani mpeni maelezo rahisi dah!
Volt za Dc ni 12v na Ac 220v single phase na 318 - 420v ni kwa three phase wew aliyekuambia umeme wa tanesco #una volt 12 nan?Volt 12 ya betri ya gari na volt 12 ya umeme wa Tanesco kipi chenye amps nyingi?
Sikuupitia Uzi huu jamaa nakushukuru SanaIn a layman explanation!!
Watt (W) ni unit/kizio cha power, kina signify uwezo/capacity ya kufanya kazi. e.g machines or any system.
Watt ni jina la engineer na mwanasayansi m-Scottland and GB, James Watt, mtaalamu wa steam engine.
So Watt ni nishati/energy iliyo fanya kazi kwa muda Fulani,
Power (watt) = Energy (Joule)/ Time (second)
Volt(V) ni unit ya voltage, inaashilia ni nguvu kiasi gani inayosukuma electrons kwenye wire kutoka point/component moja kwenda nyingine.
Volt inatokana na mgunduzi wa betri ya umeme, mwanasayansi Muitaliano Alessandro Volta.
Ampere (I) ni kizio cha current(I). Ampere ni load/mzigo kiasi gani umekua/unaoweza kua connected kwenye umeme. e.g loads are lamps, maotor, heaters, pumps, etc.
Ampere ni jina la mwanasayansi mfaransa, Andre-Marie-Ampere.
Honourable mention, resistance (Ohm) after German scientist Georg Simon Ohm
____________________________
Voltage(V) hai flow/haitembei kwenye wire bali Current(Ampere) ina flow/inatembea.
Voltage ndio huzalisha current (ampere), kinyume chake sio.
How?
Answer: Betr ni electrolytic phenomenon (electrochemistry). Movement za ions ndo huzalisha amount ya voltage ambayo ni nguvu inayosukuma electrons/current Electrons ndani ya wire ni negative na stationary/hazitembei
Ukichukua betr ukaunganisha, electrons zitavutwa upande wa +ve side wa betr na kusukumwa upande wa -ve side wa betr. Hichi kitendo kinatokea kwa spidi ya mwanga/Electric field. Hapa electrons zitatembea/shake kutoka -ve kuelekea +ve side ya betr, kitendo cha electrons kushake/tembea kutazalisha nguvu kinzani kuelekea upande tofaut na electrons hii nguvu ndo current(ampere).
________________
Watt = Volt x Ampere
Watt = electrical energy / time
So Watt ni kiasi Fulani cha volt mara ampere kilichofanya kazi kwenye load X kwa muda Fulani.
Machine au load yenye power X watts maana yake inahitaji Y volts na Z amperes ili ifanye kazi. Kwahiyo watt inategemea volt na ampere.
Charger yenye 5V DC na 2A inamaanisha hii chaja inaweza kusukuma load inayohitaji maximum volt 5 na ampere 2 na kushuka chini ya hizo values
Chaja hai consume 2A, bali inatoa volt 5 na inaweza kusukuma mzigo wa ampere 2
5V and 2A chaja vs 12V vs 2A chaja? The difference is charging speed/performance, more like 10W vs 24W !!!!
5V 2A vs 12V 1.5A ??
still 12V is faster than 5V charger
12V ni force kubwa sana kuliko 5V katika kusukuma electrons au 2A load.
Nisawa na pump ya watt 1200W na 500W zisukume lita 20 za maji hee kwa sekunde
Je, kama chaja ya 5V na 2A maana yake napata power ya 5x2=10watts, kwahiyo nikiweka load ya 2V na 5A itafanya kazi maana hata load ina 10watts? Kwanza maranyingi vifaa vya electronics, voltage zake hua ni power supply hapohapo na logic level (0 or 1), kwahiyo specific voltage ya kifaa inamaana yake. Chaja 5V , load 2V ..yes logo level itasoma HIGH(binary 1) lakini je field yake itaweza kisupply power requirements za resistors, capacitors and co???. Chaja 2A, load 5A, ok kama 5A ni relay haitafanya kazi kwenye 2A chaja hata kama power ni 10watts for both relay na chaja. Maana heating ambayo 5A atasababisha ni ndogo kwa heating ya 2A kwenye relay coil.
Ampere ni mahitaji ya load sio chaja
Volt ni rating ya voltage ya chaja na load
Watt ni volt mara ampere = power
Ukiweka load ya 5V na 3A kwenye chaja ya 5V na 2A, chaja inaungua sababu italazimishwa isukume 3A wakati uwezo wake ni 2A. etc
Kwanini Ampere, Volt na Watt?
chukulia mfano filament bulb.
Filament ni wire mdogo uliokunjwa ndani ya filament bulb.
Filament bulb iliyokua rated 40W haimanishi chochote bali inamaanisha hii bulb inahitaji volt X na ampere Y ili iwake. Ok tanesco wanatoa 230V. Ampere haiji na tanesco ni load/bulb ndo itahitaji ampere kiasi gani iwake.
Ule mkunjo wa waya(filament) ndani ya bulb umekunjwa katika resistance (R) flani. Ili filament itoe mwanga inabidi electrons/current iflow. Ukiconnect volt 230V, peak, electric field inaflow mpaka kwenye filament inazifanya electrons za filament zi vibrate kwa sababu filament imejikunja/resistance basi electrons zinaanza kugongana na kusababisha heating, heating ikizidi itaanza kutoa mwanga kama effect ya collision. Je current (ampere) ikowapi hapa???
Nkkitaka kujua bulb yangu inatumia ampere kiasi gani nachukua
Ampere = Volt ya tanesco / resistance
Resistance = resistance ya filament
Au
Ampere = power (40w)/ volt (230v)
Current(peak) = 0.1739Ampere
Kwahiyo bulb yangu ni load ya 0.1739A
Ili kurahisisha kwa mteja, load/load inafanyiwa testing kujua inakula ampere kiasi gani and hence unanunua inakua rated already kua inakula ampere kiasi hiki.
Generally, rating ya Volt na Ampere kwenye kifaa cha umeme inamaanisha atleat volt ya load iwe chini na ampere ya load iwe chini. Yaani overall power ya load iwe chini ya power ya chaja for better performance and reliability ya charger.
NOTE: these were nonlinear (electronics loads)
There are inductives, capacitive loads where power factor holds.
Kuna swali lingine?
Regards,
Engineer
In a layman explanation!!
Watt (W) ni unit/kizio cha power, kina signify uwezo/capacity ya kufanya kazi. e.g machines or any system.
Watt ni jina la engineer na mwanasayansi m-Scottland and GB, James Watt, mtaalamu wa steam engine.
So Watt ni nishati/energy iliyo fanya kazi kwa muda Fulani,
Power (watt) = Energy (Joule)/ Time (second)
Volt(V) ni unit ya voltage, inaashilia ni nguvu kiasi gani inayosukuma electrons kwenye wire kutoka point/component moja kwenda nyingine.
Volt inatokana na mgunduzi wa betri ya umeme, mwanasayansi Muitaliano Alessandro Volta.
Ampere (I) ni kizio cha current(I). Ampere ni load/mzigo kiasi gani umekua/unaoweza kua connected kwenye umeme. e.g loads are lamps, maotor, heaters, pumps, etc.
Ampere ni jina la mwanasayansi mfaransa, Andre-Marie-Ampere.
Honourable mention, resistance (Ohm) after German scientist Georg Simon Ohm
____________________________
Voltage(V) hai flow/haitembei kwenye wire bali Current(Ampere) ina flow/inatembea.
Voltage ndio huzalisha current (ampere), kinyume chake sio.
How?
Answer: Betr ni electrolytic phenomenon (electrochemistry). Movement za ions ndo huzalisha amount ya voltage ambayo ni nguvu inayosukuma electrons/current Electrons ndani ya wire ni negative na stationary/hazitembei
Ukichukua betr ukaunganisha, electrons zitavutwa upande wa +ve side wa betr na kusukumwa upande wa -ve side wa betr. Hichi kitendo kinatokea kwa spidi ya mwanga/Electric field. Hapa electrons zitatembea/shake kutoka -ve kuelekea +ve side ya betr, kitendo cha electrons kushake/tembea kutazalisha nguvu kinzani kuelekea upande tofaut na electrons hii nguvu ndo current(ampere).
________________
Watt = Volt x Ampere
Watt = electrical energy / time
So Watt ni kiasi Fulani cha volt mara ampere kilichofanya kazi kwenye load X kwa muda Fulani.
Machine au load yenye power X watts maana yake inahitaji Y volts na Z amperes ili ifanye kazi. Kwahiyo watt inategemea volt na ampere.
Charger yenye 5V DC na 2A inamaanisha hii chaja inaweza kusukuma load inayohitaji maximum volt 5 na ampere 2 na kushuka chini ya hizo values
Chaja hai consume 2A, bali inatoa volt 5 na inaweza kusukuma mzigo wa ampere 2
5V and 2A chaja vs 12V vs 2A chaja? The difference is charging speed/performance, more like 10W vs 24W !!!!
5V 2A vs 12V 1.5A ??
still 12V is faster than 5V charger
12V ni force kubwa sana kuliko 5V katika kusukuma electrons au 2A load.
Nisawa na pump ya watt 1200W na 500W zisukume lita 20 za maji hee kwa sekunde 🤔
Je, kama chaja ya 5V na 2A maana yake napata power ya 5x2=10watts, kwahiyo nikiweka load ya 2V na 5A itafanya kazi maana hata load ina 10watts? Kwanza maranyingi vifaa vya electronics, voltage zake hua ni power supply hapohapo na logic level (0 or 1), kwahiyo specific voltage ya kifaa inamaana yake. Chaja 5V , load 2V ..yes logo level itasoma HIGH(binary 1) lakini je field yake itaweza kisupply power requirements za resistors, capacitors and co???. Chaja 2A, load 5A, ok kama 5A ni relay haitafanya kazi kwenye 2A chaja hata kama power ni 10watts for both relay na chaja. Maana heating ambayo 5A atasababisha ni ndogo kwa heating ya 2A kwenye relay coil.
Ampere ni mahitaji ya load sio chaja
Volt ni rating ya voltage ya chaja na load
Watt ni volt mara ampere = power
Ukiweka load ya 5V na 3A kwenye chaja ya 5V na 2A, chaja inaungua sababu italazimishwa isukume 3A wakati uwezo wake ni 2A. etc
Kwanini Ampere, Volt na Watt?
chukulia mfano filament bulb.
Filament ni wire mdogo uliokunjwa ndani ya filament bulb.
Filament bulb iliyokua rated 40W haimanishi chochote bali inamaanisha hii bulb inahitaji volt X na ampere Y ili iwake. Ok tanesco wanatoa 230V. Ampere haiji na tanesco ni load/bulb ndo itahitaji ampere kiasi gani iwake.
Ule mkunjo wa waya(filament) ndani ya bulb umekunjwa katika resistance (R) flani. Ili filament itoe mwanga inabidi electrons/current iflow. Ukiconnect volt 230V, peak, electric field inaflow mpaka kwenye filament inazifanya electrons za filament zi vibrate kwa sababu filament imejikunja/resistance basi electrons zinaanza kugongana na kusababisha heating, heating ikizidi itaanza kutoa mwanga kama effect ya collision. Je current (ampere) ikowapi hapa???
Nkkitaka kujua bulb yangu inatumia ampere kiasi gani nachukua
Ampere = Volt ya tanesco / resistance
Resistance = resistance ya filament
Au
Ampere = power (40w)/ volt (230v)
Current(peak) = 0.1739Ampere
Kwahiyo bulb yangu ni load ya 0.1739A
Ili kurahisisha kwa mteja, load/load inafanyiwa testing kujua inakula ampere kiasi gani and hence unanunua inakua rated already kua inakula ampere kiasi hiki.
Generally, rating ya Volt na Ampere kwenye kifaa cha umeme inamaanisha atleat volt ya load iwe chini na ampere ya load iwe chini. Yaani overall power ya load iwe chini ya power ya chaja for better performance and reliability ya charger.
NOTE: these were nonlinear (electronics loads)
There are inductives, capacitive loads where power factor holds.
Kuna swali lingine?
Regards,
Engineer
Uzi umecmamia kucha huu