BashiriOnline
Senior Member
- Nov 5, 2012
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TOPIC 2.
★★★THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE★★
BACKGROUND
a) .DIRECT DEMOCRACY
NOBILITY
★★★THE RISE OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE★★
BACKGROUND
- Democracy Is system of Government by the people and for the people.
- Democracy refers to a system of Government in which all people can choose their reader and hold the accountable for their policies and conduct in office.
a) .DIRECT DEMOCRACY
- In this forms, the people in the societies were collected together and people elected leader and made laws as well as form assembly.
- In this forms, the people in the societies choose few to represent them in the assembly
- Free and fair election
- Equality of people before law
- Basic human right
- Agree of election
- Historical Democracy was said to practiced for the first time in Ancient Greek Especially During the 300 BC years ago which basically was under direct Democratic system.
- Democracy spread to other parts of the World especially in England and France. It was achieved through revolutions( 17 th c For England) and 18th c for France. Later, Democracy spread to USA, The rise of Democracy in America act as the main bridge to the rise and spread of Democracy in the World.
- Absolutism of the Monarchy ...This was the chief law makers.The Government was in hands of few Individuals
- Divine right of the King.. Thisn was belief that, the power of monarchies was given directly by God and thus Monarchy were answered only to God.
- Feudal System/ Feudalism...Under feudalism mode of production, European divided into two classes such as a Nobility as upper class that contain Clergy, landlords,.since was enjoyed the privileged possition of the state. They held political power and own the property especially land and also were exempted from taxation. The Middle Class of the Bourgeousie consisting of Merchants, industrialist and proffessional. This class despite of their wealth and esucation were not included in the governace of the state. The Poor Class Contains the Peasants, that are exploited against Nobility and the middle class.
- The Church ...It enjoyed also a political power,beside a regious control. The Clergy works with Monarchs, enyoyed both state and and rerigious. The state religion like Catholicism in France and Austraria, and Anglican in British were get salaries from the Government.
- A week Parliament system.. Since the King was decided to choose some people that can participate in the Perliamnet as despit of majority choosing. As the result, all the decission came from parliament were favoured The King and not majority.
- A week constitutional Monarchical System.. The constitution were week and not favour majority than the Monarchy systems, since it did not remit the the power of the King
- Kingship Making Systems...Monarch 's position were hereditary since no one outside the King could get the Administration in Statse
- Philosopher were a source of opposition to Europe since they argue that maintaining order by forcing people into conformiry destroyed the innate human potential for moral judgement. Such philosopher are John Locke 1632-1794, Baron Charles Montesquiea 1689-1755, Franc
- ois Marie Voltaire 1694-1778 etc
- The middle Class Such as Bourgeoisie also was not support the Absolutism because even thought they have wealth, but did not get any Admistration representative to Absolutism state. Thus decided to make opposition to Absolutism
- The lower Class such as Peasants, also did not enjoyed the National cake from absolutism ruling systems since were exploited, humiliated and segregated. Thus the rise of Absolutism.
- They were against about absolute rule and feudal system
- They were against the unfair taxation system
- They were against slow Parliament development
- They were against about hummilition made by the upper class
- They also against about King extravagance
- They were aginst since the absolute were borrow money from them without turning back
- Even thoug the Middle and low class present their grievances to Parliament, the parliament did not solve such complain
- Europe was under Centralized Monarchies Known as Divie rights of the King
- Europe was a feudal society
- The church was not only the religiuos institutions but also a political Institutions
- Europens had no freedom of religious since All people in differnt Nations such as Britain were allowed to fall Anglican religious only
- Wealth was own and control by minority
- [___________________________________________]
- The English Revolution refers to Series of events in British that led to the collapse of feudalism and destroyed Absolutism and serfdom in Great Britain
- There were series of conflict in Britain...The Commercial Bourgeoisie were determined to destroy feudalism. The Bourgeoisie wanted to make the Oliver Cromwell as overall leader of English without the assistance of the Landlord
- Another Conflict was against the Enclosure System. Due to these Conflicts, the Democracy was Abolished in 1649 but the King was restored as the head of the state
- The fist revolution was led by OLIVER CROMWEL with mass support from Bourgeoisie and the Peasants,since existing government under Absolutism systems led by KING CHARLES I was overthrow because of Poor rulling systems. And King Charles I was execution publicity in 1649.
- Oliver Cromwel took over for some years since was preferred as a Missioned because was not real originated from England also was not came from King's Familly, as the Result King JAMES II take the rulling system in England
- Last revolution was Known as Glorious revolution since was not contain bloodshed or Violence because after King James II failed in good rulling systems, he decided peacefully abdicated as the result WILLIAM became a King and MARRY became a Queen
- Any Monarchy must be a member of Anglican Church
- The King has no power to increase taxes without the General consent of the Parliament.
- The elections of the member of Parliament should be free
- It declared that, there should be frequent Parliament elections
- To ending absolute rulling system in England
- Introduced religious freedom and tolerances
- Introduced fair taxation
- Estabish strong parlianment
- Demise feudaliam
- Creation of strong constitution
- To establish rule of law
- Demise the poverty and class
- Abolition of Absolutism in england
- Heavy taxation amon low class
- Poor Constitution in England
- Poor Parliament representation.
- King extravagance
- Execution of Puritains William
- Denied the Bourgeoisie political and economic power
- Weakness of King Charles I and King James II
- Poor England political structure
- England economic crisis
- Principle of divine right of the King
- Role of English philosophers eg JOHN LOCKE
- Role of Oliver Cromwell
- Enclosure system
- The emergency of classic economist
- Religious conflicts
- Emergency of Commercial Bourgeoisie class
- The impact of feudaliam in England
- The King Became Ceremonial little because the Prime Mister was given the power to control the Government.
- It led to overthrow of Absolute Monarchy Government
- Britain led to change English Economy
- The royal army and Soldiers started to be under the control of the Government established by the capitalist
- The Government funds started to controlled and approved by the Parliament.
- All feudalism elements that remains were removed.
- The revolution accumulated wealth, through the illegal ways of accumulating wealth (capital) primitive accumulation of capital.
- The revolution cause death
- Englis civir war was fought between the forces of KING CHARLES I and those of the PURITANS (the supporter of the Parliament) . Since King Charles I decided to force the Parliament so as to controll all states finances in England, hence the Parliament refussed such King's decisions. Thus OLIVER CROMWEL as a leader of Low Class,get mass support from Middle Class, Religious group, Parlianment and Fighting against the Absolutism rulling system led by King CHARLES I. Hence King Charles was defiated and EXECUTION in 1649
- King extavagance
- Dismissal of the parliament decision
- England economic Crisis
- The role of Oliver Cromwel
- The impact of feudalism
- Exploitation of the low and middle class
- The role of Puritan ...Puritan were a group of religions people that rose in the England church seeking for reforms in the England church
- Religious causes...Since Anglican Declare as a state religious as the result any person that appointed for the Government post had to be a Anglican.
- Overthrown and Execution of King Charles I
- Establishment of republic Government in England
- The church lost her lands
- Encourage of England Unification
- Encourage Revolution on other party of Europe
- Development of Democracy Idea
- Loss of lives and Properties
- Establishment of Puritan Morality
- Mass freedom of Religions
- Introduction of finacila reform
- Envoronment degradtion
- Development of Military in England
- De humanization
- It led insecurity among the Societies
- This refers to the time, when KING JAMES II decided peacefull without bloodshed or violence to Abdicate in rulling system. The revolution occur, due to missuse of King James rulling sytems, because he decided to return back Absolutism (Monarchy) rulling sytems interms of Divine rights of the Kings.
- Thus, the societies decided to make Demonstration, riots, strikes, Violence, since were not ready support such bad rulling system. Hence, KING JAMES II decide to Abdicate peacefull without bloodshed or Violence, that's why we saw called GLORIOUS REVOLUTION. Hence, WILLIAM became a King and MARRY became a Queen.
- Dismissal of The Parliament
- Execution of Puritan eg William
- King James II Extravance
- Emergence of Bourgeois class
- The religion questions
- The England Economic crisis 1665
- Weakness of King James II
- Dismissal of Bourgeois in rulling system
- Disagreement btn King Charles and Parliament.
- Abdication of King James II
- Development of Democracy in Britain
- Emergence of shared Governemnt
- Demise of feudalism in England
- Massive fredom of worship and Religious
- Development of strong parlianment
- Development of constitution
- Abolition of Absolutism in England
- It brought multiparty system
- Emergency of shared government
- It brought much freedom of worship
- Respect of human right
- It brought realistic constitution
- Freedom of debate and expression
- Spread of idea of Democracy to other countries such as France.
- Introduction of Socialist idea in England
- Introduction of Multi party political system
- Introduction of free trade
- Development of single currence
- Foundation of industrial revolution
- Development of financial institution
- It led to destruction of serfdom and feudalism
- It led to foundation of Agrarian revolutin
- Developement of merchantism
- It led to the control of church land
- It led to England unification
- Seizure of political power by merchants
- Unification of English
- Abolition of Serfdom and Absolutism
- Introduction of constitution rights
- Control of the church
- Land consdidation - Abolition of feudal land tenure system and put land in capitalists
- [_________________________________________]
- Refer to the fundamenta political changes that occur in France since the Peasants, middle Class, the Bourgeoise decided to join themseleves with strong support from leaders MONTESSARA and VOLTARE to overthrown the exsting the Tudor Monarchy systems led by the Extravagance Leader Known as KING LOUIS XVI
- A revolution is gradual sudden change that takes place in socities politically, economically, and Socially set up.
- The French revolution mark the turning point in the politically history of France. It destroyed a well establiahed Monarchy and replace it with a republic Government.
- Admistrative system was under Tudor Monarchy
- There were three classes such as NOBILITY, CLERGY and Peasants
- There should be heavy Taxation among low classes
- The Church (Clergy) was own many estatea apart from getting some Senstive Chance in the rulling system
- No freedom of worship and religions to the Masses
- There is Corruption and Embazzlement to the Masses
- Lack of Unified code of law
- Was under feudal mode of production
- She is under dictatorship rulling systems
NOBILITY
- There were a rulling class and owner of the Land. They livingbin good life and since were enjoyed the National cake. They exploited Peasants
- These was a Bishop, Priests, Fathers and Sister (Church men and women). They owned land. Some of they, were appointed in rulling system of the King and some of them were getting high rank in the Military
- These were exploited majority who did not enjoyed the National cake since the Nobility and Clergy were exploiyed them.
- Equal opportunity in Gvt and Economic for all French
- To eradicate corruption and Embazzlement
- Creation of Stable ecomy in Frenc
- Alleviation of Tudor Monarchy System in French
- Eradicate Frenc Classes such as Nobolity Clergy and Peasants
- Eradicate feudalism in French
- Eradicate freedom of Religion among masses
- Establishment of Strong and transparency parliament
- Reduce the power of the Catholic church
- Financial crisis...Failed of Government to pay workers
- King Louis extravagance
- Demonistration of the Woman at Versailley
- Unfair system of Government
- Injustice and Oppression among Peasants and workers
- Influence of England revolution
- Influence of American war of Independence 1776
- Massive unemployment
- Unfair taxation among the lower class
- Violence of the human rights
- Despotic aristocracy...There is no constitution to check the power of the King.
- Character of King Louis XVI...Weak Administration of King
- French classes Structure like Nobility, Clergy, Peasants
- Intellectual movement.. The role played by Philosopher eg Montessara and Voltaire
- Economic crisis
- Dismissal of financial Controller
- The Monarch of the Women.
- Abolition of feudalism
- Execution of King Louis XVI
- Unificaton of France
- Emergence of Shared Gvt
- Development of the Single currecy
- Introduction of Strong constitution and Parliament
- Much freedom interms of Religions and Speech
- Eradicate of Tudor Monarchy
- Development of social infrastructure
- Abolition of Slave trade
- Controlled of Churche 's land to the Masses
- Rise of Napolean Bonaparte- Destroyed the Discrimative Classes.
- Development of social infrastructure
- Introduction of Unity
- Development of Nationalism - Inspire the Nationalism among free respect.
- Control of church
- Establishment of republican Government
- Abolition of slave trade.
- It led to Emergency of shared Government
- Overfreedom of masses
- Respect of human rights
- Development of Democracy
- Introduction of Strong Consitutions
- Development of French Nationalism
- Introduction of strong Parliament
- Establishment of Republic Government
- Abolition of Absolute Monarchy
- Planted new idea of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
- Serdom were allowed to own lands
- It led to abolition of Slave trade in the World
- Abolition of feudalism in French
- Nationalization of Church propert and Withdraw from political affairs
- Abolition of Feudalism in French
- It led to growth of Industry in French
- New commercial law were made
- Brought of equality and Liberty of the trade Union
- It le to abolition of slave tradw and slavery
- Establishment of Agrarian
- It led to the rise of Democracy in France
- Revolution led to the development of Infrastructure
- It led to unification of French
- It led to establishment and improvement of commercial revolution
- [_________________________________________]
- Refers of series political, economic and social changes interms of Revolutions since European Nations such as German, France, Italy, Hungary, Czechs, Spain decided to terminate all Absolutism, Divine rights of The King, Tudor Monarchy rulling systems. The revolution is Organised especially with Low Classes since were exploited against bad rulling Clasa sich as Nobolity.
- The revolutions broke out mainly in France and the Australian Empire. There were mainly directed against the spirit of the Vienna Arrangement of 1815. In France, the 1848 revolutions contributed to the downfall of Louis. Philippe and his Orleans Monarchy, while in Austria Empire the 1848 revolutions lead to the Downfall of Metternich
- Reactions against Vienna Settlement
- All were Urban based revolution
- Lack of mass mobilization
- Reaction against the side effects of the industrial revolution.
- Promotion of the French revolutionary ideas
- Short lived revolution
- All lack foreign military assistance
- All were led by Intellectual and Low classes
- All lack massive mobilization
- All lack Good ideology and Aproach
- All revolution were crashed except France Revolution
- Reaction against side effects of Industrial
- All had a common desire of destroying the bad arrangement of the Vienna Congress 1815
- The rise of European Nationalism
- The Desire of National Unification
- Economic hardship in Europe
- Influence of Socialist ideology
- Demand of Universal Suffrage/ Elections
- The collapse of Vienna Congress 1848
- Chain of reaction
- Liberal constitution
- Widespread discontent
- Natural Calamities
- Desire of social and political changes
- The impact of Industria Revolutions
- Influence of Intellectual
- The impact of Demographic Revolution
- The fall of Metternich In Austia 1848
- Grievances of The Bourgeoisie against Priviledged position of Nobility
- Chain reaction eg Success of France Revolution 1848.
- Abuse of Priciple of Nationalism
- Unequal Balanced of Power
- Delay of Unification of German and Italy
- Heavy punishment given to France and her alliances
- The returning back of Autocratic rulling in Europe.
- Lack of strong leadership
- Lack of foreign assistance
- Lack Support from National Armies
- Economic hardship
- Effect of epidemic disease
- Divion or Classes among the Nationalists
- Lack of effective orgamization and Mobilizations
- Military weakness of The Revolutionaries
- The Regions Preferences
- Lack of National Ideology and Approach.
- Establishment of Constitutions
- Demise of feudalism
- Rise of National consciousness (ufahamu wa utaifa)
- Overthrow of the papacy regimes (Mapinduzinya Serikali ya upapa)
- Emergency of capitalists class
- Creation of Independent Democratic states
- Masses fredom of worship and Religions
- Rise and spread of European Nationalism
- Social and economic reforms
- Fall of Metternich and His System
- Rise of Nationalism in small states
- Emergence of Papacy regimes
- Decline of feudalism and Serfdom
- The principles which Governed European states before the rise of Democracy served the interest of minority upper class. Analyse.
- Trace the rise of opposition to absolutism from the philoaophers in Europe.
- Show four aims and four impacts of English Puritan Revolution.
- Analyse six causes of the Glorious revolution of 1680s in Britain.
- Analyse the four objectives of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 and assess four impacts on the development of of Democracy in Europe.
- Before the French Revolution of 1789, the French states was full of malpractices. Trace six malpractices and their contributions to the decline of old regime
- Discuss the responsibility of King Louis XVI and Merie Antoinette and towards the outbreak of the French Revolution.
- The 1789 French Revolution was a consequence of the mismanagement of state affairs by the French King and Queen. Discuss.
- The French Revolution of 1789 is one of the Great events in human History. Assess the statement focusing on six impacts of the revolution on Europe.
- Assess the contribution of the French Revolution to the development of Democracy in Europe.
- Assess seven socio - economic conditions leading revolutions in Austria, Italy and the Balkan regions in 1848.
- The 1848 revolution are known as for their dramatic nature. Discuss four characteriaticts and four achievement of the Revolution.
- Examine four losses and four gains of the 1848 revolutions.
- King Extravagance has been historically named as one of the key causes of many political revolutions in Europe. Highlight other political , economic and social factors responsible for forceful political changes in Europe.
- In the Long run, the European revolutions were Democratic revolutions which ensured Liberty, equality and fraternity to the peopple. Justify.
