Mbavu zangu.Asante sana nimechoka kuwatukana CCM bora niwe najikumbusha mambo huku
Umeongea maneno mazuri ila grammar yako ya kiswahili ni mbaya. Inabidi uandike ili kila rika likusome kama mwalimu wetu wa English.Du...... We jamaa una mitusi lol, lkn mtoa uzi kukubali kumkosoa ken comment moja hapo juu may be hujasoma, lkn any way hata mimi sijakatisha tamaa mtu ila nilichopendekeza sio lzm kukifwata...... Sitakurudishia matusi mana sikujui hata wewe hunijui badala yake ntakuelimisha tu..... Kwa level yangu na uelewa wangu sidhani kama matusi na yote uliyoandika unanikomoa mie .......Endelea kujifunza kizungu ndugu, mtoa mada akihitaji msaada basi ntamsaidia chochote kile as a linguist " na akisahau kitu ntamkumbusha na kwa sababu yy ni lingust nina imani atakubali mana ki english ni kama hesabu kina kanuni kabisa............ Mitusi yako mmepokea naifanyia kazi.............
Nilikuwa BANNED mkuu siku 21Mbavu zangu.
Mkuu najua kuongea na kuandika kichina,kifaransa kijeruman,kiingereza na kiswahili hapa najikumbushia tu na suala la mitihani nishafaulu kitambo sanaLakini hii njia itakusaidia tu kujibu mitihani yako na si kuongea kingereza kizuri,maana ni lazima uanze kusoma kwa masikio,ukishajuwa ndipo uanze kuichambua lugha,yaani kusoma kwa macho.Bila kufanya hivyo utakuwa kama wale wenye PhD ambao hawawezi kuongea kingereza na wazungu.
HahahahahahaaSasa hapa kuna watu wanadhani wakishajifunza hivyo basi wataweza kuongea kingereza vizuri.Hapa wajiulize ni kwanini MTU aliyesoma hadi kiwango cha phd halafu anaongea kingereza cha hovyo hovyo?Tatizo kubwa hapa ni kujifunza lugha kwa macho badala ya masikio.Jiulize je mtoto mdogo anajifunza lugha kwakuandika kuwa hii ni verb,au hii ni pronoun? Hapana,hivyo basi lazima uanze kusoma kwa masikio ili uweze kuongea vizuri.
ExcellentLakini hii njia itakusaidia tu kujibu mitihani yako na si kuongea kingereza kizuri,maana ni lazima uanze kusoma kwa masikio,ukishajuwa ndipo uanze kuichambua lugha,yaani kusoma kwa macho.Bila kufanya hivyo utakuwa kama wale wenye PhD ambao hawawezi kuongea kingereza na wazungu.
LECTURE #5
NOUN AND CASE
CASE:
A word which indicates whether a noun or pronoun is used as a subject ,object or an indirect object and a word which is used to address a person or indicate ownership or possession is known as case.
(Yani kwa urahisi case huonyesha umiliki wa kitu,mfano kwenye kiswahili tunasema hili ni gari la juma,hapo jumla ndio mmiliki.Katika English kuna namna yake ya kuonyesha juma ndio mmiliki na kinachonyesha huo umiliki ni wa juma kinaitwa case)
KINDS OF CASES:
1.Nominative Case
2.Objective Case
3.Possessive Case
4.Nominative of Address
5.Dative Case
6.Noun in Apposition
(Hapo wewe unapaswa usubiri mfano tu maana haujifunzi kujibia mtihani hapa)
1.NOMINATIVE CASE
A noun or pronoun used as the subject of the verb is known as nominative or subjective case.
Examples:
Who wrote a letter? Charles
- Charles wrote a letter(kama sentensi inavyojieleza kuwa charles ndio kaandika barua)
What brings success? Hard work
- Hard works brings success(Mafanikio yanaletwa na kufanya kazi kwa bidii)
Pronouns in Nominative Case:I,We,You,She,He,It,They
NOTE:
Nominative case answers the question 'who' or 'what'
2.OBJECTIVE CASE
A noun or pronoun used as the object of the verb is known as objective or accusative case.
Examples:
NOTE:
- I loved Irene(object ni kilichotendewa hivyo Irene ndio kapendwa hapa,Who did I love? Irene)
- We enjoy poetry(What do we enjoy?poetry)
Objective noun answers the question 'whom','what','what'.
Pronouns in objective caseUs,him,her,you,them,it,me
Yani kwa kifupi Subjective case zinakaa kabla ya verb(kitendo) na objective case zinakaa baada ya kitendo.Cha msingi ni kusoma sentensi kwa makini kujua nani anamiliki kinachozungumziwa
3.POSSESSIVE CASE
A noun with apostrophe(') and 's' or a pronoun which indicates possession is known as possessive case.
Examples:
This is Juma's car(Hili ni gari la juma).
alama ' na s ndio zinaonyesha kuwa juma ndio mmiliki wa kilichotajwa mbele ya s car.
(Whose car is this? Juma)
NOTE:The possessive answers the question 'whose'
Pronouns in the possessive case:My,our,your,his,her,its,their
4.NOMINATIVE OF ADDRESS
A noun used to address persons with their names is known as nominative of address.
Example:
Hapa kwa namna nyingine tunaweza kuona nani anaongeleshwa.Ndio umiliki wenyewe huo
- Come on,Juma.
- Juma,let me tell something
- Joseph,tell me the truth
5.DATIVE CASE
A noun or pronoun used as an indirect object of the verb is known as dative case
Examples:
6.NOUN IN APPOSITION
- I presented her a watch(Nilimpa nani saa,jibu ni her.....Whom did I present the watch? To her)
- We made them beautiful toys(To whom did we make a toys????? To them)
A noun used to refer to another noun is known as noun in apposition
Example:
A.FORMATION OF POSSESSIVE CASE
- Maige,the author of book,is an american
- I met Maxence Melo,JF Founder
(Hapa ndio patamu zaidi na tutaganda kidogo hapa)
1.The possessive of the singular noun is formed by adding (apostrophe ) ' and 's'
(nilieleza juu kidogo ila nakazia)
Examples:
Father's retirement.
- Juma's house (Kwa sababu juma ni umoja ndio tunaweka ' na s)
NOTE:'S' is omitted when there are hissing sounds
Examples:
(Ina maanisha kwa yale maneno ambayo yanaishia na sound ya unaweka tu kama mifano inavyoonyesha.Mfano hiyo ina saundi godinesiiiiiii ina maana tayar 's' ipo)
- For conscience' sake
- For goodness' sake
- For justice' sake
2.The possessive of the plural nouns ending with 's' is formed by adding only an apostrophe.
Examples:
(Hapa naongelea maneno ya wingi tayari na yanaishiwa na s,mfano shule ya wasichana hapo juu.usiweke s maana tayari ipo kwenye girls)
- Girls' school
- Boys' school
- Horses' tails
3.The possessive of the plurals not ending with 's' is formed by adding apostrophe(') na s''
(Yani hapa ni kama kawaida aisee)
Examples:
(men na children ni wingi ila hayana s hivyo tunafanya kama kawida tulivyokuwa tunafanya kwa maneno ambayo hayana s)
- Men's pub
- Children's books
4.Nouns having several words must have possessive only to the last word
Examples:
5.The possessive of nouns in apposition must be put to the second noun
- The prime minister of Tanzania's speech
- The door of my friend's house
Examples:
6.Two nouns having close association must have the possessive to the latter
- This is Juma,the teacher's favorite student
- This is Ashura,my wife's friend.
- He lives in Dodoma,Tanzania's capital.
Examples:
7.Two different nouns having no relation require separate possessive forms
- Hasan and Hamis's sister.
- Johnson and Joseph's baby face powder
Examples:
WE ARE DONE WITH THIS LECTURE
- Mima's and mama's books
- America's and Tanzania's armies
Kazi gani mkuu?Mkuu naona sikuhizi kazi yako ile umestaafu
Darasa vipi tenaPamoja sana
KATIKA KUTEKELEZA SERA YA ELIMU BURE KWA WOTE:JIFUNZE ENGLISH
Kama inavyojulikana kuwa English ndio lugha kuu wa mawasiliano duniani hivyo pasipokujua English itakufanya ushindwe kuingia katika dunia ya Utandawazi moja kwa moja.
Katika dunia hii ya Utandawazi ina lengo la kuwaunganisha watu wote Duniani kuwa kitu kimoja yaani Dunia sasa ni kama kijiji.Kutokana na hilo,kuna fursa nyingi sana za vijana kutoka sehemu mbalimbali dunia kukutanishwa sehemu pamoja kufanya kazi kwa pamoja.
Hii huwa ni changamoto kubwa sana kwa wote ambao hawajui English na hivyo kushindwa kuchangamkia fursa hii.
Huenda tu unashindwa kujua tu kuwa upungufu wa ajira ni wa kiasi kidogo sana kuliko unavyofikiria au kusema.Unaweza ukawa sahihi kusema ajira Tanzania ni ndogo sana ila ukawa haupo sahihi kusema umekosa ajira kabisa.
Nimejitolea kufundisha English Bure kabisa hapa JF
Ila unachotakiwa ni uwe na Idea kidogo tu yaani uwe unajua kwenye English kuna Maneno kama "Yes" na "No".
Sasa leo naanza katika GRAMMAR(Kwa kifupi Grammar ya English ndio English yenyewe)
INTRODUCTION
It is essentially important,before we study grammar ,to know what language is and why and how we should learn a particular language.
We,first of all ,learn language for the purpose of communication.
A.Language :
As a matter of common knowledge ,is the medium of communication through which we express our emotions,ideas,feelings and thoughts to our fellow people.
B.Alphabet:
Language is mainly composed of letters which stand for signs or sounds.The letters are totally treated as the alphabet of the language.The number of letters are different from language to language.
The alphabet of English is composed of 26 letters(twenty six letters).These 26 letters are known as the alphabet are used either for printing or writing.
Accordingly,printing letters are different from script letters.
Various forms of printing and script letters are given below:
PRINT CAPITAL LETTERS
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
PRINT SMALL LETTERS
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z
View attachment 670284
SCRIPT CAPITAL LETTERS
SCRIPT SMALL LETTERS
C.Division of alphabet:
The alphabet of of English is divided into two classes namely
1.Vowels-The five letters "a,e,i,o,u" are known as vowels in English and we cannot write even a single sentence without using a vowel
- Vowel(Inasomeka vawo kwa kiswahili)
- Consonant
2.Consonant-The remaining 21 letters of the alphabet are known as the consonants in English.
They are b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.
D.Syllable(Inasomeka silabo kwa kiswahili)
A word or a part of word which consists of a vowel sound.It is a combination of consonant and vowel.(Yani hapa kwa kifupi ni sawa na kiswahili unaposema anakula yani umeunganisha silabi mbili "ana" na "Kula".Na hapa tunaona kuwa mwishoni kabisa wakati unatamka inasikika sana vowel ) mfano mwingine ni neno "Kata" ambapo ukiwa unaliongea utapumzika mara mbili tu,ya kwanza "Ka" na ya pili ni "ta"
Hizo ndio mfano wa Syllable in swahili
Turudi kwenye Engish sasa,
Example the word Examination has 4 syllables
-Exa
-Mi
-Na
-Tion
E.Word:
A word is the basic element in every language.A word is a proper combination of letters.The letters in a particular language are arranged in such a manner that they should represent either objects or ideas.
Example of words are:
-Nation
-Examination
-Book
F.Grammar:
Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language(yani hapa kwenye grammar ndio kwenye lugha husika ,na tutajikita hapa mpaka siku ya mwisho nasema sasa tumemaliza Grammar).
The science of grammar teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively.
(Nasisitiza kuwa matatizo yako yote katika lugha ya kingereza humalizwa hapa kwenye Grammar)
THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMARKama nilivyosema kuwa Grammar is a scientific study of languages kwahiyo ina husika na matatizo yote katika lugha yoyote.
Unless we have mastered grammar ,we do not or cannot speak or write English correctly.
English(language) is very much controlled,conditioned and regulated by grammar.
It is due to these reasons that we should gain a considerable mastery over this grammar.
It may be pointed out,that it is very difficulty to define the scope and the practical value of grammar.
An attempt has,however,been made to illustrate the functions of grammar:
1.THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
Grammar is primarily concerned with the study of language.It explains to us the difficulties and problems involved in learning a language and it guides us how language is effectively used in our day to-day-life.
2.THE STUDY OF WORD
Grammar tells us how words are formed and why they are classified into various categories.It also instructs us how words are combined and grouped into sentences.
It also tells us when and where a particular word should be used.
3.THE STUDY OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND PATTERNS
What we study in grammar is the sentence structure.As a matter of fact,sentence structure is very essential in every language.Grammar makes us familiar with these sentence patterns.It enables us to understand how sentences are patterned and how they are used in our practical life for proper and effective communication.
4.THE STUDY OF PARTS OF SPEECH
Grammar surveys and defines various parts of speech in detail and studies their functions elaborately .
It provides adequate information as to where,when and how these parts of speech are used in speech and writing(Naposema parts of speech namaanisha maneno yote unayotumia kwenye speech).
So,grammar might be considered to be a standard reference book for the parts of speech.
5.THE STUDY OF WRITING SKILLS
Grammar is essential and beneficial for writers,journalists and poets who are engaged in literary field.It trains us how paragraphs essays, and letters should be written in simple and dignified style.
Due to this,grammar is regarded as an introduction of literary composition.
6.THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE
Language ,broadly speaking,is one of the best and the most effective means of communication without which we cannot live a civilized life.
Unless we communicate with our fellow people properly ,we can never be successfully in society.
So,grammar is a science which equips us with the powerful communication abilities and aids.
It tells us how to impress people with our speech and conversation.A professor or a politician cannot be successful in his profession,unless he is well equipped with linguistic skills(Grammar).
So ,grammar deals with communication and correspondence.
So due to these functions,grammar is treated as a science of communication.
WE ARE DONE WITH OUR INTRODUCTION TODAY
====
UPDATES :
Muendelezo, LECTURE #1 ipo post #55 page ya 3-PARTS OF SPEECH
Muendelezo, LECTURE #2 ipo post #65 page ya 4-THE NOUN:GENDER
Muendelezo, LECTURE #3 ipo post #83 page ya 5-THE NOUN:NUMBER
Muendelezo, LECTURE #4 ipo post #89 page ya 5-SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
Muendelezo, LECTURE #5 ipo post #90 page ya 5-NOUN AND CASE
Muendelezo, LECTURE #6 ipo post [HASHTAG]#101[/HASHTAG] page ya 6-ADJECTIVE
Muendelezo, LECTURE #7 ipo post [HASHTAG]#113[/HASHTAG] page ya 6-ARTICLES (a,an,the)
==================
LEARN ENGLISH FOR FREE THROUGH JF
HOME OF GREATEST THINKERS
nawasiwasi atakuwa kapata ajira so hashindi sana jf
Mkuu! Natamani sana kujua English ila kwa ulivyoanza ni kama umenipoteza kabisaa... kwa sisi ambao hatujui kuunganisha ata maneno mawili ya kingereza sidhani kama tutaweza kukuelewa vzuriKATIKA KUTEKELEZA SERA YA ELIMU BURE KWA WOTE:JIFUNZE ENGLISH
Kama inavyojulikana kuwa English ndio lugha kuu wa mawasiliano duniani hivyo pasipokujua English itakufanya ushindwe kuingia katika dunia ya Utandawazi moja kwa moja.
Katika dunia hii ya Utandawazi ina lengo la kuwaunganisha watu wote Duniani kuwa kitu kimoja yaani Dunia sasa ni kama kijiji.Kutokana na hilo,kuna fursa nyingi sana za vijana kutoka sehemu mbalimbali dunia kukutanishwa sehemu pamoja kufanya kazi kwa pamoja.
Hii huwa ni changamoto kubwa sana kwa wote ambao hawajui English na hivyo kushindwa kuchangamkia fursa hii.
Huenda tu unashindwa kujua tu kuwa upungufu wa ajira ni wa kiasi kidogo sana kuliko unavyofikiria au kusema.Unaweza ukawa sahihi kusema ajira Tanzania ni ndogo sana ila ukawa haupo sahihi kusema umekosa ajira kabisa.
Nimejitolea kufundisha English Bure kabisa hapa JF
Ila unachotakiwa ni uwe na Idea kidogo tu yaani uwe unajua kwenye English kuna Maneno kama "Yes" na "No".
Sasa leo naanza katika GRAMMAR(Kwa kifupi Grammar ya English ndio English yenyewe)
INTRODUCTION
It is essentially important,before we study grammar ,to know what language is and why and how we should learn a particular language.
We,first of all ,learn language for the purpose of communication.
A.Language :
As a matter of common knowledge ,is the medium of communication through which we express our emotions,ideas,feelings and thoughts to our fellow people.
B.Alphabet:
Language is mainly composed of letters which stand for signs or sounds.The letters are totally treated as the alphabet of the language.The number of letters are different from language to language.
The alphabet of English is composed of 26 letters(twenty six letters).These 26 letters are known as the alphabet are used either for printing or writing.
Accordingly,printing letters are different from script letters.
Various forms of printing and script letters are given below:
PRINT CAPITAL LETTERS
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z
PRINT SMALL LETTERS
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z
View attachment 670284
SCRIPT CAPITAL LETTERS
SCRIPT SMALL LETTERS
C.Division of alphabet:
The alphabet of of English is divided into two classes namely
1.Vowels-The five letters "a,e,i,o,u" are known as vowels in English and we cannot write even a single sentence without using a vowel
- Vowel(Inasomeka vawo kwa kiswahili)
- Consonant
2.Consonant-The remaining 21 letters of the alphabet are known as the consonants in English.
They are b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.
D.Syllable(Inasomeka silabo kwa kiswahili)
A word or a part of word which consists of a vowel sound.It is a combination of consonant and vowel.(Yani hapa kwa kifupi ni sawa na kiswahili unaposema anakula yani umeunganisha silabi mbili "ana" na "Kula".Na hapa tunaona kuwa mwishoni kabisa wakati unatamka inasikika sana vowel ) mfano mwingine ni neno "Kata" ambapo ukiwa unaliongea utapumzika mara mbili tu,ya kwanza "Ka" na ya pili ni "ta"
Hizo ndio mfano wa Syllable in swahili
Turudi kwenye Engish sasa,
Example the word Examination has 4 syllables
-Exa
-Mi
-Na
-Tion
E.Word:
A word is the basic element in every language.A word is a proper combination of letters.The letters in a particular language are arranged in such a manner that they should represent either objects or ideas.
Example of words are:
-Nation
-Examination
-Book
F.Grammar:
Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language(yani hapa kwenye grammar ndio kwenye lugha husika ,na tutajikita hapa mpaka siku ya mwisho nasema sasa tumemaliza Grammar).
The science of grammar teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively.
(Nasisitiza kuwa matatizo yako yote katika lugha ya kingereza humalizwa hapa kwenye Grammar)
THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMARKama nilivyosema kuwa Grammar is a scientific study of languages kwahiyo ina husika na matatizo yote katika lugha yoyote.
Unless we have mastered grammar ,we do not or cannot speak or write English correctly.
English(language) is very much controlled,conditioned and regulated by grammar.
It is due to these reasons that we should gain a considerable mastery over this grammar.
It may be pointed out,that it is very difficulty to define the scope and the practical value of grammar.
An attempt has,however,been made to illustrate the functions of grammar:
1.THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
Grammar is primarily concerned with the study of language.It explains to us the difficulties and problems involved in learning a language and it guides us how language is effectively used in our day to-day-life.
2.THE STUDY OF WORD
Grammar tells us how words are formed and why they are classified into various categories.It also instructs us how words are combined and grouped into sentences.
It also tells us when and where a particular word should be used.
3.THE STUDY OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND PATTERNS
What we study in grammar is the sentence structure.As a matter of fact,sentence structure is very essential in every language.Grammar makes us familiar with these sentence patterns.It enables us to understand how sentences are patterned and how they are used in our practical life for proper and effective communication.
4.THE STUDY OF PARTS OF SPEECH
Grammar surveys and defines various parts of speech in detail and studies their functions elaborately .
It provides adequate information as to where,when and how these parts of speech are used in speech and writing(Naposema parts of speech namaanisha maneno yote unayotumia kwenye speech).
So,grammar might be considered to be a standard reference book for the parts of speech.
5.THE STUDY OF WRITING SKILLS
Grammar is essential and beneficial for writers,journalists and poets who are engaged in literary field.It trains us how paragraphs essays, and letters should be written in simple and dignified style.
Due to this,grammar is regarded as an introduction of literary composition.
6.THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION AND CORRESPONDENCE
Language ,broadly speaking,is one of the best and the most effective means of communication without which we cannot live a civilized life.
Unless we communicate with our fellow people properly ,we can never be successfully in society.
So,grammar is a science which equips us with the powerful communication abilities and aids.
It tells us how to impress people with our speech and conversation.A professor or a politician cannot be successful in his profession,unless he is well equipped with linguistic skills(Grammar).
So ,grammar deals with communication and correspondence.
So due to these functions,grammar is treated as a science of communication.
WE ARE DONE WITH OUR INTRODUCTION TODAY
====
UPDATES :
Muendelezo, LECTURE #1 ipo post #55 page ya 3-PARTS OF SPEECH
Muendelezo, LECTURE #2 ipo post #65 page ya 4-THE NOUN:GENDER
Muendelezo, LECTURE #3 ipo post #83 page ya 5-THE NOUN:NUMBER
Muendelezo, LECTURE #4 ipo post #89 page ya 5-SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
Muendelezo, LECTURE #5 ipo post #90 page ya 5-NOUN AND CASE
Muendelezo, LECTURE #6 ipo post [HASHTAG]#101[/HASHTAG] page ya 6-ADJECTIVE
Muendelezo, LECTURE #7 ipo post [HASHTAG]#113[/HASHTAG] page ya 6-ARTICLES (a,an,the)
==================
LEARN ENGLISH FOR FREE THROUGH JF
HOME OF GREATEST THINKERS