Dingswayo
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- May 26, 2009
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Germanwings had no way to check even the basic details of Andreas Lubitz's medical history
For most of this week, Germanwings airlines has struggled to answer questions about the mental health of one of its co-pilots, Andreas Lubitz, who stands accused of crashing a plane full of passengers into the French Alps on Tuesday, killing everyone on board. But a stubborn set of legal barriers has hindered their search for information: Germany's data protection and privacy laws.
Carsten Spohr, the head of Lufthansa airlines, the parent company of Germanwings, was not even able to answer basic questions about the co-pilot's medical history during a press conference held on Thursday. He could not say, for instance, whether Lubitz had taken a break from his flight training due to illness. "In the event that there was a medical reason for the interruption of the training, medical confidentiality in Germany applies to that, even after death," Spohr explained. "The prosecution can look into the relevant documents, but we as a company cannot."
That is because privacy protections in Germany are among the most stringent in the world. Under their provisions, an airline has to rely on the truthfulness of its pilots in learning about their medical histories, and it has no legal means of checking the information the pilots provide.
"There is no general rule that obliges doctors of pilots to report medical conditions relevant to their ability to fly to the authorities," says Ulrich Wuermeling, a Frankfurt-based lawyer who works on privacy law. On the contrary, a German doctor who reports such information could face criminal charges for violating his patients' privacy.
The flaws in that system came into focus on Friday, when prosecutors accused the Germanwings co-pilot of hiding his mental illness from his employers. In his home in the city of Dusseldorf, prosecutors claim to have found a sick note excusing Lubitz from work on the day of the catastrophe. But the note had been torn up.
The identity of the doctor who wrote the note is still unclear. But under German law, only Lubitz – and not his doctor – would have had the legal right to disclose the details of his health to his employers at Germanwings.
"In practice, if you are sick and your doctor finds you unfit for work, he gives you an illness-based work exemption," says Christian Runte, a German lawyer and expert on data protection. "It doesn't say what the illness is. It just says you are unfit for work. And it is up to the patient whether they want to tell that to the employer or not."
Based on the German prosecutors' findings so far, it seems Lubitz decided not to use the work exemption on the day of the disaster and instead took his seat inside the cockpit of Germanwings Flight 9525. French prosecutors investigating the crash of that plane have since accused him of deliberately crashing the aircraft after the flight captain left him alone at the controls.
The incident has raised some troubling questions about lack of communication between Lubitz's doctors and his employers at Germanwings. On Friday, the university clinic in Dusseldorf, where Lubitz was receiving care for an undisclosed condition, denied media reports that he was being treated for depression. But in describing their "preliminary assessment" of the evidence, the city's prosecutor said earlier in the day that Lubitz "hid his illness from his employer and colleagues."
In order to provide Germanwings with any details about Lubitz's mental health, his doctors would likely have needed his express permission. "Therefore the doctor would not be in a position to inform the company directly even if he knows that this person is a pilot," says Wuermeling, the lawyer in Frankfurt.
Germanwings Plane Crash: Privacy Laws Let Pilot 'Hide' His Illness
For most of this week, Germanwings airlines has struggled to answer questions about the mental health of one of its co-pilots, Andreas Lubitz, who stands accused of crashing a plane full of passengers into the French Alps on Tuesday, killing everyone on board. But a stubborn set of legal barriers has hindered their search for information: Germany's data protection and privacy laws.
Carsten Spohr, the head of Lufthansa airlines, the parent company of Germanwings, was not even able to answer basic questions about the co-pilot's medical history during a press conference held on Thursday. He could not say, for instance, whether Lubitz had taken a break from his flight training due to illness. "In the event that there was a medical reason for the interruption of the training, medical confidentiality in Germany applies to that, even after death," Spohr explained. "The prosecution can look into the relevant documents, but we as a company cannot."
That is because privacy protections in Germany are among the most stringent in the world. Under their provisions, an airline has to rely on the truthfulness of its pilots in learning about their medical histories, and it has no legal means of checking the information the pilots provide.
"There is no general rule that obliges doctors of pilots to report medical conditions relevant to their ability to fly to the authorities," says Ulrich Wuermeling, a Frankfurt-based lawyer who works on privacy law. On the contrary, a German doctor who reports such information could face criminal charges for violating his patients' privacy.
The flaws in that system came into focus on Friday, when prosecutors accused the Germanwings co-pilot of hiding his mental illness from his employers. In his home in the city of Dusseldorf, prosecutors claim to have found a sick note excusing Lubitz from work on the day of the catastrophe. But the note had been torn up.
The identity of the doctor who wrote the note is still unclear. But under German law, only Lubitz – and not his doctor – would have had the legal right to disclose the details of his health to his employers at Germanwings.
"In practice, if you are sick and your doctor finds you unfit for work, he gives you an illness-based work exemption," says Christian Runte, a German lawyer and expert on data protection. "It doesn't say what the illness is. It just says you are unfit for work. And it is up to the patient whether they want to tell that to the employer or not."
Based on the German prosecutors' findings so far, it seems Lubitz decided not to use the work exemption on the day of the disaster and instead took his seat inside the cockpit of Germanwings Flight 9525. French prosecutors investigating the crash of that plane have since accused him of deliberately crashing the aircraft after the flight captain left him alone at the controls.
The incident has raised some troubling questions about lack of communication between Lubitz's doctors and his employers at Germanwings. On Friday, the university clinic in Dusseldorf, where Lubitz was receiving care for an undisclosed condition, denied media reports that he was being treated for depression. But in describing their "preliminary assessment" of the evidence, the city's prosecutor said earlier in the day that Lubitz "hid his illness from his employer and colleagues."
In order to provide Germanwings with any details about Lubitz's mental health, his doctors would likely have needed his express permission. "Therefore the doctor would not be in a position to inform the company directly even if he knows that this person is a pilot," says Wuermeling, the lawyer in Frankfurt.
Germanwings Plane Crash: Privacy Laws Let Pilot 'Hide' His Illness
