Tatizo la umeme nchini linahitaji ufumbuzi wa muda mrefu na sio muda mfupi

[Mohammed Dewji]

Mambo mengi yamesemwa kuhusu tatizo la umeme nchini Tanzania, mimi nitaanza kwa kugusia mambo machache yanayoonyesha matatizo ya umeme yalivyokuwa makubwa ndani ya bara letu la Afrika:

• Hatujawekeza ipasavyo kwa miaka 15 hadi 20 katika kitengo cha uzalishaji na usambazaji wa umeme, hayo maneno yalitamkwa na Lawrence Musaba, Meneja wa Southern African Power pool, muungano na mtandao wa nchi kumi na mbili kusini mwa Sahara.
• Kuanzia Nigeria, Ghana mpaka Luanda hela nyingi inatumika kuzalisha umeme kwa majenereta hali inayofanya uchumi wa nchi nyingi za Afrika kupungua ukuaji kwa asilimia mbili – ripoti ya Benki ya dunia.
• Ukiitoa nchi ya Afrika Kusini kwenye mambo hayo, nchi zote zilizobaki za kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara lenye watu milioni 700, linapata umeme sawa na wananchi wa Poland ambao ni milioni 38 tu.
• Eskom, kampuni ya umeme ya Afrika Kusini mwaka 1998 iliambiwa mwaka 2007 itaanza kupata tatizo la mgao wa umeme nchini iwapo isipopanga jinsi ya kuongeza uzalishaji wa nishati, lakini kutokana na matatizo ya fedha na mipango kampuni haikufanyia kazi yale mapendekezo ya wataalamu kwenye ripoti ya mwaka 1998, na kuanzia mwaka 2006 Afrika Kusini imeanza kupata misuko suko ya mgao wa umeme pia.
• Nigeria, nchi yenye watu wengi kuliko wote Afrika na yenye utajiri wa mafuta ina vituo 79 vya kuzalisha umeme lakini ni vituo 19 vinavyofanya kazi na hivyo kusababisha hasara ya dola za kimarekani bilioni moja kwa mwaka kiuchumi.

Ukienda kuangalia hapo juu ni mifano michache ya matatizo ya umeme barani Afrika, lakini ninachoweza kusema tatizo kubwa linatokana na ukosefu wa mipango. Nishati ya umeme inapatikana kwa njianyingi, kuna umeme wa nguvu za maji, nguvu za jua, kwa njia ya nguvu za upepo, umeme wa majenereta, na njia nyingine nyingi ambazo wataalamu wanaweza wakatuambia zinatufaa.

Lakini hili tatizo linaweza likakaa milele kwa nchi zetu za Afrika iwapo hatutaamka kwa kuangalia tatizo hili kama la miaka hamsini ijayo. Sisi tunazinduka pale umeme unapoanza kuwa wa mgao jijini Dar Es Salaam, je tunajiuliza vipi kule Kigoma mjini ambao wanapata adha ya mgao huo miaka nenda rudi.

Mimi ninafikiria tatizo la umeme nchini linaweza likapatiwa ufumbuzi iwapo tukiamua sasa kuwa nchi inabidi iangalie matumizi ya nishati ya umeme itakavyoongezeka miaka ijayo hivyo tujiandae kuongeza Megawati nyingi kwa ajili ya miaka ijayo na pia kuboresha usambazaji.

Unaweza ukachagua kampuni isiyokuwa sahihi kwenye mchakato mzima iwapo maamuzi yako yanakuwa yale ya haraka na yaliyofanyika kutokana na matatizo yanayowakabili watu wako kwa muda huo. Lakini iwapo ukiwa na muda wa kutosha ninaamini tunaweza tukaamua vizuri kwa ajili ya kusuluhisha matatizo ya umeme yanayotukabili.

Kitu kingine ambacho wataalam mbalimbali walioulizwa (consultantancy experts) jinsi ya kulitatua tatizo hilo walikuja na njia moja kuu.

Wakasema kuwa ili nchi za kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara ziweze kujinasua kwenye tatizo hilo inabidi zijenge vituo viwili au vitatu vikubwa vya kuzalishia umeme kwa pamoja, kuliko kila mtu kuanza kutengeneza kituo chake ambacho kitakuwa kidogo na gharama yake ya uzalishaji inaweza ikawa kubwa kuliko ile ya vituo vikubwa.

Maoni yangu ili Tanzania iweze kuondokana na tatizo hili la umeme inabidi viongozi wahusika wakae chini watafakari nini kifanyike ili sehemu nyingine za Tanzania umeme ufike wa kutosha kwa miaka mingi ijayo, tusiwe na fikra za kufikisha Megawati kadhaa kwa ajili ya sasa hivi, tuwe tunajiuliza vipi hapo baadaye tutafanyaje?

Hivyo tatizo la umeme la leo nchini Tanzania na nchi nyingi za Kiafrika linatokea kwa sababu hatuoni mbele, kama mfano wa Eskom ya Afrika Kusini ambao kama wangeweza kupanga vizuri basi leo mgao wa umeme kwao usingetokea, vivyo hivyo TANESCO inabidi waje na mipango thabiti ya kutupa umeme wa kutosha kwa miaka mingi ijayo.

Nashukuru kwa kusoma makala haya, ninajua kuna mengi sijagusia lakini mimi ninapendelea kuongelea jambo kwa kutoyarudia yaliyosemwa badala yake napenda kuongeza vitu vipya kwenye mjadala ili tuweze kujadiliana kwa kina.

MO

 

[nguvumali]

Mo, tatizo watawala hawana nia ya dhati kutatua tatizo hilo, utashi ni zero.
lakini kama baadhi ya wabunge mtaanza kuliona tatizo kwa mapana yake na kwa kushirikiana na wataalamu wetu, hakika tutafika...otherwise thank u for the useful post.

 

[nguvumali]

tatizo Mo, hujawaeleza watawala kinaga ubaga wajibu wao kama watunga sera na mikakati. umeme ni lazima iwe ni mkakati makini na wa lazima kwa taifa, umeme umerudisha sana nyuma maendeleo ya taifa letu.

 

[Regia Mtema]

MO
Tatizo tanzania hatuna vision zinazotekelezeka,vision zetu hazitekelezeki hata kidogo.......ni ndoto tu.

 

[PakaJimmy]

tatizo Mo, hujawaeleza watawala kinaga ubaga wajibu wao kama watunga sera na mikakati. umeme ni lazima iwe ni mkakati makini na wa lazima kwa taifa, umeme umerudisha sana nyuma maendeleo ya taifa letu.

Si rahisi wakafanya hivyo hawa ma'zekomedi wetu!
Angalia tu ile KILIMO KWANZA! Jamaa kaagiza, halafu yeye yuko JAMAICA anapanda mabembea.

Do you think the lower or juniors will be as strict as he would be?

Ni michaapo tu wanafanya hawa bana...Wanangoja muda uishe wale pensheni zao!

 

[Kimey]

Karibu Mo kwenye hili jukwaa!!

 

[nguvumali]

Si rahisi wakafanya hivyo hawa ma'zekomedi wetu!
Angalia tu ile KILIMO KWANZA! Jamaa kaagiza, halafu yeye yuko JAMAICA anapanda mabembea.

Do you think the lower or juniors will be as strict as he would be?

Ni michaapo tu wanafanya hawa bana...Wanangoja muda uishe wale pensheni zao!

nakubaliana nawe, kama wangekua makini sana na mambo yao, Tanzania leo ingekua mbali sana katika sekta ya nishati, tuko duni kwasababu kila mmoja anawaza kamuhogo kake...aibu.
taifa miaka 20 halijapata kupiga hatua katika utatuzi wa matatizo ya nishati, jamani.

 

[Josh Michael]

Kwanza Karibu sana Jamii forums, but tatizo la umeme Tanzania la kudumu na pia linahitaji ujarisili sana na siyo politics agenda kama hivi ilivyo, wewe umekuwa mbunge unajua kwanini nasema hivyo

 

[Kibunango]

Si rahisi wakafanya hivyo hawa ma'zekomedi wetu!
Angalia tu ile KILIMO KWANZA! Jamaa kaagiza, halafu yeye yuko JAMAICA anapanda mabembea.

Do you think the lower or juniors will be as strict as he would be?

Ni michaapo tu wanafanya hawa bana...Wanangoja muda uishe wale pensheni zao!

Kama huna cha kuchangia bora ukae kimya na sio kuja kuharibu thread hapa. Hoja hapa ni kupata uvumbuzi wa kudumu wa tatizo la umeme. Hii ni pamoja na kuongeza uzalishaji wa sasa na kutafuta vyanzo vingine vya umeme.

 

[Gelange Vidunda]

Hili swala nakumbuka tuliongelea sana kule YoungAfrican.com(Kibunango, Moelex, remember?)

My stance then and now remains the same:
1. HEP: is still our and many in Afrika's backbone when it comes to electricty. Unfortunately we are depending on availability of good rains and less destruction at Ihefu basin, the source of the 3 big HEP dams of Kihansi, Mtera and Kidatu (and, maybe-later-I-don't-know-when, Stiegler's Gorge which is smack in the middle of Selous game reserve, hence a headache to the inviromentalist amongs us!)

2. Coal: Abundant coal deposits but with environmental headaches, but, with a few thousand dollars more we can get less toxic and more environmental friendly coal plant.

3. Natural Gas: also so abundant that its literally on the outskirts of DSM! The powers that be have you ever heard of co-generation plants? http://www.appro.org/co-generation.html. Better yet, gas turbines like the ones installed in Mtwara by Artumas may be just what we need to get more electricity via such gas-powered plants. Another examples of such technologies include http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/gas_turbines_cc/en/downloads/GEH12985H.pdf

4. Wind power: This is a natural resource that we also have in abundance. Between Mombo and Same gari lako laweza peperushwa. This technology has grown in leaps and bounds and the world is creating wind farms to harness this power. Prices have also dropped, especially for the small domestic units.

5. Solar: personally I am still not overly convinced with this technology even though others swear on it that it works well! (Incidently, I was in Iringa vijijini recently and I watched Arsenal vs Manchester United from a system powered by solar energy - go figure!) My thoughts is that there is misconception between sun rays and humidity/heat. The sun rays charge up the batteries but the surrounding heat/humidity does not! Yet many asscociate solar energy with humidity/heat!

6. Nuclear energy: Forget about this since we have no clue of taking care of our normal household trash let alone nuclear waste! But maybe we can barter our uranium for gas-powered plants simply because we no longer have gold and other minerals to pay for such stuff because some greedy individuals shafted the whole of Tanzania, tena without ky jell!!!!

Also, the government stops buying shangingis for a year; curb presidential and cabinet travel; do away with warshas and kongamanos; and peddle our uranium to the highest bidder and get the money to buy huge gas powered plants to be installed at the source - maybe it will also stop congesting Dar! Gas powered plants are cheaper to build than coal or nuclear powered plants. Uranium seems the only available mineral to sell under new mining contracts simply because Chenge and them fucked up the other minerals where we ain't getting shit! (Last week the price of an ounce of gold hit over $1,100 in the world market but our bufoons in Tanzania - Chenge and them - negotiated a fixed price of $248 an ounce for the next 25 years!) Its no wonder they claim the mining companies have not made a profit yet - really!??!

My two cents.......

 

[Morani75]

Mo (Mhe), kwanza naomba nichukue fursa hii kukukaribisha katika jukwaa letu.....

Pili naomba niseme kwamba mawazo yako ni mazuri na nina uhakika watu kama wewe ambao mna "double capacity" ya kusukuma mawazo mazuri kama yako yaani, Bungeni (kama Mhe Mbunge), pia kiuchumi kama mmojawapo wa wadau wakubwa sana wa kukuza/kusaidia kukuza uchumi wetu wa Tanzania.

Tatu, naomba niseme kwamba haya yaliangaliwa sana kwenye miradi ya mwanzo (nadhani ilikuwa miaka ya 70, wakati wa Stiglers Gorge nafikiri.... nipo tayari kusahihishwa) kufanya miradi ya kuangalia soko la Tanzania pia nchi jirani, Zambia, Malawi, Msumbiji, Zimbabwe nk.... Tatizo letu ni kwamba sisi kama nchi mawazo ya kuangalia mbali nafikiri hatukuwa nayo hivyo kila tulichofanya kilikuwa based on our own current views (angalia mipango miji etc)....

hivyo nadhani kwenye haya ya kwako nadhani tupo pamoja, swali ni kwamba.... HOW??

 

[MwalimuZawadi]

MO karibu, waambie na wenzio waje hapa. Najua mpaka 2010 nusu yenu mtakuwa hapa kama si 75% maana hapa pameshakuwa pa maana kukiko hilo 'bunge lenu'

 

[Morani75]

Hili swala nakumbuka tuliongelea sana kule YoungAfrican.com(Kibunango, Moelex, remember?)

My stance then and now remains the same:
1. HEP: is still our and many in Afrika's backbone when it comes to electricty. Unfortunately we are depending on availability of good rains and less destruction at Ihefu basin, the source of the 3 big HEP dams of Kihansi, Mtera and Kidatu (and, maybe-later-I-don't-know-when, Stiegler's Gorge which is smack in the middle of Selous game reserve, hence a headache to the inviromentalist amongs us!)

2. Coal: ........
My two cents.......

Mkuu Gelange, kwenye hilo la HEP nami nipo pamoja nawe kwa nguvu zote.... tunalalamikia mvua hakuna etc ndio maana yale mabwawa yetu hayatoi umeme wa kutosha, tunachosahau ni kwamba sisi ni wazembe kwenye swala zima la maintenance (desilting, mitambo, etc etc etc)......

Hii mitambo sijui ya mafuta mazito (IPTL) na dizeli sidhani kama ipo kwenye dira zetu sababu gharama za uzalishaji zinategemea sana "variation" ya bei ya mafuta kwenye soko la dunia kitu ambacho kwa kweli sidhani kama ni viable kwetu....

Swala la gesi linawezekana kama tutaweza wekeza kama nchi (???? hapa kuna kazi) kwenye kuichimba, kuisafirisha na kuitumie kuzalisha umeme.... kwa mwendo wa sasa wa kuetegemea muwekezaji, tunarudi kwenye mambo ya 10%, weka faida ya so-called mwekezaji etc etc etc.... kama mafuta tu....

ni mawazo yangu....

 

[Kituko]

MO karibu sana jamvini

Ndugu zangu tatizo kubwa la Tanzania ni siasa,

kuna mambo mengine ni mambo ya kitaifa na wala sio issue ya kisiasa kwamba CEO wa Tanesco lazima awe fulani ili atimize matakwa ya wachache waliomuweka na sio kwa maslahi ya taifa.

Tatizo ambalo lilitaka kutokea SouthAfrica la umeme ni kwamba Eskom wananunua umeme Botswana na kuuza south Africa, sasa Watswana (BPC) wako kwenye mchakato wa kusitisha mkataba ndio hivyo na south wanahaha kutafuta solution, lakini point hapa ni kuwa Botswana wao wanategemea COAL (Makaa ya mawe) kuzalisha umeme na wameweza kuzalisha umeme wa kuwatosha(covarage yao ni kubwa kuliko sisi) na umeme unatumika sana na bei ni cheap kuliko Tanzania, pamoja na hayo matumizi yote walipata na sulprus ya kuweza kuuza nje(SA).

Swali linakuja Tanzania tuna vyanzo vingi mno vya umeme-Hydropower, Wind, Solar, Natural Gas na COAL hivi ni kweli Tanzania tunashindwa kuwa na umeme wa kudumu?,

Mbona kipindi cha Nyerere haya yote Hayakuwepo? jibu ni kuwa siasa inafanya kazi yake, maana ajabu ni kuwa baada ya Nyerere kutoka madarakani ndio aliondoka na umeme!, ghafla tu IPTL from nowhere, Kiwira ingetuboost sana lakini watu wakaamua kuifanya mali binafsi kupitia Mgongo wa siasa

kwa kweli waTAnzania inabidi tuamke kwenye vitu sensitive, mimi sikubali kwamba umeme kwa Tanzania ni wa shida na expensive kwa kiasi hicho tunachoelezwa

 

[Bulesi]

Kama huna cha kuchangia bora ukae kimya na sio kuja kuharibu thread hapa. Hoja hapa ni kupata uvumbuzi wa kudumu wa tatizo la umeme. Hii ni pamoja na kuongeza uzalishaji wa sasa na kutafuta vyanzo vingine vya umeme.

Kibunango kwani nani asiyejua kua kutatua tatizo letu la mgao wa umeme lazima tuongeze uzalishaji? Viongozi wetu wengi ni mafisadi kwahiyo ili kufanikisha azma zao hawapendelei kufanya mipango ya muda mrefu ili kutatua tatizo la umeme kwani kwa kufanya hivyo hawatakuwa na upenyo wa kupata mgao wao [commission]. Wao hufaidika zaidi pale panapotokea dharula na ndio wanafurahia na kupata upenyo wa kuliibia Taifa kama walivyofanya kwenye Richmonduli!! Kulikuwa na mipango ya muda mrefu ya kujenga mitambo ya kuzalisha umeme pale Tanesco lakini haikutekelezwa kwanini? Jibu wanalo wao.

 

[August]

tatizo la sera ya umeme chini ya watawala wetu imejikita zaidi kwenye maslahi ya mafisadi, badala ya maslaha ya nchi, ndio maana wanaua kwa makusudi miradi au wanaacha kuwekeza na kutekeleza mipango ili uwepo umeme wa dharura wapata mitaji kwa kutumia mbinu za premetive capital accumulation. ndio maana wanakuja na hivi vimiradi vidogo vidogo , ni kama vile wanagawana nchi ili waweze kututawala daima dumu.

 

[Malafyale]

MO, kwani ukiongea na Ngeleja kwenye viunga vya Bunge na kumuuliza mipango ya muda mrefu ya Wizara yake ya Nishati ni ipi huwa anajibu nini?

 

[August]

wakati ethiopia wana fanya kweli kenya kama tanzania

Ethiopia’s low-priced power alarms KenGen
​

Published on 01/12/2009

By John Njiraini

Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen) has raised concerns that plans by the Government to import electricity from Ethiopia could result in its downfall.

KenGen managing director Eddy Njoroge, despite admitting the move was necessary in addressing the country’s perennial energy crisis, was quick to point out that the company was not keen on the new strategy. He said KenGen is unable to compete with the imports in terms of pricing.

"KenGen is not excited. We will be affected in terms of pricing because Ethiopia offers cheap pricing and has good hydro-sites," he said last week during a meeting with visiting World Bank Vice President for Africa Region, Obiageli Ezekwesili.

Low Profits
Mr Njoroge reckons that if the Government proceeded with plans to import 500 MW from Ethiopia at a cost of Kenya’s four cents per unit without addressing its concerns, the firm’s profitability could be badly dented.

The listed company, which produces 75 per cent of the electricity consumed in the country, currently sells power to the Kenya Power and Lighting Company at a cost of Sh2.40 per unit.

This followed a power purchase agreement signed in June between the two companies that raised the rate from the Sh2.36 per unit. The agreement was signed after seven years of a protracted stand-off over power purchase charges.

According to Mr Njoroge, KenGen is pushing for an opportunity to own an equity stake in projects aimed at interconnecting the two countries power grids being financed by the World Bank.

Njoroge will accompany Energy Minister Kiraitu Murungi to Ethiopia this week to present KenGen’s case.

Kenya and Ethiopia are seeking Sh28.5 billion funding from the World Bank for the construction of transmission facilities that would interconnect the two nations and enable Kenya import power from its northern neighbour.

Joint projects
In a joint funding proposal, the countries have indicated the projects as construction of a 1,200 km 500 kV power line between Sodo sub-station in Ethiopia to Nairobi.

The project also covers the construction of two converting stations to transport 2,000 MW from Southern Ethiopia to the Eastern Africa Power Pool that could see Ethiopia export electricity to as far as South Africa.

 

[Mkandara]

Tumewekesha nguvu za Umeme ktk Hdro power miaka 30 iliyopita na nguvu zake zinatuwezesha kila kata nchini kupata umeme.. Swala kubwa ni UKARABATI, utamaduni ambao sisi MIAFRIKA hatuna..

Inashangaza na kusikitisha sana naposoma makala ikisema tuna Hdropower yenye uwezo wa kuzalisha Mw 4,700 lakini ni only asilimia 12 ya uwezo huo ndio inatumiwa..

Na ukirudi ktk matumizi tunaambia only asilimia 12 ya wananchi ndio wanapata Umeme kitu ambacho kinanipa imani kwamba kama Mw zote 4,700 za hdropower zikifanya kazi tutakuwa na uwezo wa kuwapa wananchi kwa asilimia 100..Hapo bado hatujahesabu nguvu nyinginezo..
Ni uzembe mtupu unatumika kwetu sijui hizo nchi nyinginezo lakini binafsi sioni sababu nje ya kutokuwa na VIONGOZI BORA..

Hili nimewahi kulizungumzia hata wakati tunauza viwanda vyetu...Matatizo yalikuwa tulishindwa kuzalisha kulingana na kiwango cha viwanda vyenyewe, haya soko lilikuwepo iweje tunauza viwanda wakati tatizo sii viwanda ila ni uongozi mbaya wa viwanda hivyo?..

Haya sii ndio ya mwanamme kumtalakia mke kwa sababu hapati mtoto hali ukweli ni kwamba bwana ndiye mwenye matatizo ya uzazi?..

 

[Mag3]

Sasa wewe hujui hapa kuna kitu kinaitwa profile? click kwenye jina la mtoa mada na utakutana na profile yake. Pili ameweka blog yake chini ya bandiko, fuata hiyo link ili kumjua. Tatu unaweza kumpm na Nne unaweza kumfuta huko Singida(M) kuhakikisha kama ndie ama sie.

Kwanza wengine tumeanza kuwa na wasiwasi - tusije tukaulizwa tuna hakika gani kuwa huyu hapa JF ndiye Mh. Mbunge wa Singida. Hata hivyo nina kaswali kadogo tu kwa Mheshimiwa - kwa nini aliutafuta ubunge kwa tiketi ya CCM. Nauliza hivi kwa sababu hii post yake yaonyesha wazi kuwa kwa hili la umeme haridhiki na sera zinazotekelezwa na chama chake.

Matatizo ya umeme nchini ni zao la hizo sera na ilani ya uchaguzi za chama tawala na amepiga kura mara ngapi kupinga miswada inayowakilishwa bungeni na serikali. Katika uchaguzi ujao kama atasimama tena kugombea ubunge, je ana mkakati gani kuwa haya mapendekezo yake yatapewa kipaumbele kama chama chake kinashinda ? Je ni haki kulalamika kuwa miradi kama hii inahitaji hela nyingi wakati rasilimali za taifa zinatapanywa kama vile hazina mwenyewe.

Karibu Mh. Mohamed Dewji, Mbunge wa Singida.