#COVID19 Njia ya kujikinga na mlipuko wa virusi vya homa ya mapafu au Coronvirus

Covid-19 : High Mortality rate in seniors and why paeds having very low mortality explained

By analyzing publicly available patient data from around the globe, Backman and his team discovered a strong correlation between vitamin D levels and cytokine storm — a hyperinflammatory condition caused by an overactive immune system — as well as a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and mortality.

“Cytokine storm can severely damage lungs and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients,” Daneshkhah said. “This is what seems to kill a majority of COVID-19 patients, not the destruction of the lungs by the virus itself. It is the complications from the misdirected fire from the immune system.”

This is exactly where Backman believes vitamin D plays a major role. Not only does vitamin D enhance our innate immune systems, it also prevents our immune systems from becoming dangerously overactive. This means that having healthy levels of vitamin D could protect patients against severe complications, including death, from COVID-19.

“Our analysis shows that it might be as high as cutting the mortality rate in half,” Backman said. “It will not prevent a patient from contracting the virus, but it may reduce complications and prevent death in those who are infected.”

Backman said this correlation might help explain the many mysteries surrounding COVID-19, such as why children are less likely to die. Children do not yet have a fully developed acquired immune system, which is the immune system’s second line of defense and more likely to overreact.

“Children primarily rely on their innate immune system,” Backman said. “This may explain why their mortality rate is lower.”

Backman is careful to note that people should not take excessive doses of vitamin D, which might come with negative side effects. He said the subject needs much more research to know how vitamin D could be used most effectively to protect against COVID-19 complications.

“It is hard to say which dose is most beneficial for COVID-19,” Backman said. “However, it is clear that vitamin D deficiency is harmful, and it can be easily addressed with appropriate supplementation. This might be another key to helping protect vulnerable populations, such as African-American and elderly patients, who have a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.”

Source : Researchers Have Discovered a Strong Correlation Between Severe Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Mortality Rates | Technology Networks
 
Taarifa kutoka nchini Ghana zinaeleza kuwa mfanyakazi mmoja wa kiwanda cha samaki katika nchi hiyo Ghana amewaambukiza Virusi cha Corona kinashosababisha maradhi ya Covid-19 wafanyakazi wenzake 533 wa kiwanda hicho.

Rais wa Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo alieleza kisa hicho jana wakati akilihutubia Taifa na kusisitiza kuwa, watu wote hao 533 waliambukizwa Virusi vya Corona na mtu mmoja.

Hata hivyo Akufo hakutoa ufafanuzi ni vipi ugonjwa huo wa covid-19 ulienea kiwandani humo na kama hatua za tahadhari za kiafya zimechukuliwa kufuatia maambukizi hayo.

Kwa mujibu wa Rais Akufo-Addo maambukizi hayo ya watu 533 waliothibitika kuwa na virusi vya corona, ikiwa ni takribani asilimia 11.3 ya maambukizo yote ya nchi nzima ni sehemu ya kesi mpya 921 za watu waliobainika kuambukizwa ugonjwa wa covid-19 katika kipindi cha karibu wiki mbili zilizopita ambazo takwimu zake zimetolewa hivi karibuni.

Mpaka sasa nchini Ghana watu Zaidi ya 4, 200 wameambukizwa ugonjwa huo na vifo ni 22.

Maoni yaliyotolewa katika taarifa hii ni ya mwandishi mwenyewe, hayana uhusiano na Opera News
 
hahah!
tuko busy na mask kwanza tukija kustuka na miwani zinahitajika itakuwa too late.
Mimi nimesha vaa miwani Teyari mbona kaka.
MASK MICHAEL JAKSON.jpg
 
VIDEO INAYO ONYESHA FILAMU YA CORONA VIRUS MWAKA 2003 N ABAADA YA MIAKA 17 YAANI MWAKA HUU 2020 KWELI IMETOKEA HAYO MARADHI YA MLIPUKO WAVIRUSI VYA CORONA VIRUS.



 
LAST HOUR
INTERNATIONAL ITALY 🇮🇹 🙏
IN ITALY THE CURE FOR THE CORONAVIRUS IS FINALLY FOUND.

Italian doctors, disobeyed the world health law WHO, not to do autopsies on the dead of the Coronavirus and they found that it is NOT a VIRUS but a BACTERIA that causes death. This causes blood clots to form and causes the death of the patient.

Italy defeats the so-called Covid-19, which is nothing other than "Disseminated intravascular coagulation" (Thrombosis).

And the way to combat it, that is, its cure, is with the “antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants”. ASPIRIN, indicating that this disease had been poorly treated.
This sensational news for the world has been produced by Italian doctors by performing autopsies on corpses produced by the Covid-19.

Something else, according to Italian pathologists. "The ventilators and the intensive care unit were never needed."

Therefore in Italy the change of protocols began, ITALY THE SO-CALLED global pandemic is REVEALED AND RAISED BY THE WHO, this cure the Chinese already knew and did not report FOR DOING BUSINESS.

Source: ITALY Ministry of Health.
SHARE THAT THE WORLD KNOWS THAT WE HAVE BEEN DECEIVED AND MURDERED BY OUR OLDER PERSONS !!!
@ italiarevelacurardelcovid19

EYE ALERT
Pass this on to your entire family, neighborhood, acquaintances, friends, colleagues, coworkers ... etc. etc ... and its environment in general ...:
If they get to contract the Covid-19 ... which is not a Virus as they have made us believe, but a bacterium ... amplified with 5G electromagnetic radiation that also produces inflammation and hypoxia.

They will do the following:
They are going to take Aspirin 100mg and Apronax or Paracetamol ...
Why? ... because it has been shown that what Covid-19 does is to clot the blood, causing the person to develop a thrombosis and the blood not to flow and not oxygenate the heart and lungs and the person to die quickly due to not be able to breathe.

In Italy they screwed up the WHO protocol and did an autopsy on a corpse that died from Covid-19 ... they cut the body and opened the arms and legs and the other sections of the body and realized that the veins were dilated and coagulated blood and all veins and arteries filled with thrombi, preventing the blood from flowing normally and bringing oxygen to all organs, mainly to the brain, heart and lungs and the patient ends up dying,

Already knowing this diagnosis, the Italian Ministry of Health immediately changed the Covid-19 treatment protocols ... and began to administer to their positive patients Aspirin 100mg and Apronax ..., result: the patients began to recover and present improvements and the Ministry of Health released and sent home more than 14,000 patients in a single day.

URGENT: transmit this information and make it viral, here in our country they have lied to us, with this pandemic, the only thing that our president comes out to say every day is data and statistics but not giving this information to save citizens, will be that It will also be threatened by the elites? ... we do not know, suddenly all the governments of the world, but Italy broke the norm ... because they were already overwhelmed and in serious chaos of daily deaths ..., now the WHO. ...

would be sued worldwide for covering up so many deaths and the collapse of the economies of many countries in the world ... now it is understood why the order to INCINERATE or immediately bury the bodies without autopsy ... and labeled them as highly polluting .

It is in our hands to carry the truth and hope to save many lives .... SPREAD IN ALL NETWORKS URGENT !!!!! that's why the antibacterial gel works and the chlorine dioxide ... The whole PANDEMIC is because they want to vaccinate and kick to assassinate the masses to control them and reduce the World Population


ITALY THE CURE FOR THE CORONAVIRUS IS FINALLY FOUND..jpeg
 
WASEMAVYO WATAALAM WA AFYA KUHUSU VIRUSI VYA CORONA VIRUS NA JUU YA KUVAA MASK AKA BARAKOA NA MADHARA YAKE KIAFYA.
 
RAIS WA MADAGASCAR APEWA RUSHWA YA DOLLAR MILIONI 20 ILI ATIE SUMU DAWA YA CORONA VIRUS ILIYOGUNDULIWA NCHINI KWAKE NA SHIRIKA LA AFYA DUNIANI AKA (WHO) AKATAA KUPOKEA HIZO PESA NA AJITOA KATIKA SHIRIKA LA AFYA DUNIANI. HONGERA KIONGOZI SHUPAVU WA AFRIKA

BREAKING NEWS: MADAGASCAR QUITS WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION OVER COVID-19 SCANDAL

Madagascar President, Andry Ranoelina, has removed his country from the World Health Organisation. He angrily said:

"Europe created organizations with the desire for Africans to remain dependent on them.

Africa has found a medicine against Corona virus but Europe thinks they have a monopoly of intelligence as such they are refusing to acknowledge it.

From today, we are no more member of the World Health Organization."
“WHO offered me 20million dollars to put a little toxic in my Covid-19 remedy” – Madagascar President exposes WHO

Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina has allegedly declared that the World Health Organization, WHO offered him $20,000,000 to put a little toxic in their remedy for coronavirus as the Europeans hacked their Remedy.

Andry Rajoelina says: “People be vigilant, the World Health Organization that we have joined by thinking that it will help us, is there to kill Africans.”

“My country Madagascar has found a cure for coronavirus but the Europeans have told me a proposed $20,000,000 to put toxins in this remedy to kill my African friends who will use it. I ask all Africans not to use their coronavirus vaccine, because it’s killing, come to Madagascar you who are sick, my country is ready to receive you with enthusiasm, our remedy is in yellow color, do not buy the one of the green color, the one of the green color comes from Europe, the Europeans hacked our remedy, they have put poisons to kill only the Africans as they wanted with the vaccines that we protest.” He added Please share this message because it is urgent, they hacked our medicine, I want all the Africans to know it, please do not keep this message with you, share!” He concluded.

“WHO offered me 20million dollars to put a little toxic in my Covid-19 remedy” – Madagascar President exposes WHO
 
Mkurugenzi mkuu wa NIMR Prof Yunus Mgaya amesema taasisi yake inaifanyia utafiti dawa ya Corona kutoka Madagascar na ikijiridhisha kwamba inafaa, basi itaanza kutengenezwa hapa hapa nchini.

Kadhalika Prof Mgaya amewataka watanzania watumie dawa ya NIMRCAF inayotengenezwa na taasisi yake.

Prof amesema kwa wale wasioweza kuinunua madukani wanaweza kuitengeneza nyumbani kwa kutumia formula hii;

å Lita 1 ya maji ya moto.
å Kitunguu saumu punje 10 hadi 15.
å Malimao 2.
å Kitunguu maji kikubwa 1.
å Tangawizi size ya kidole gumba 4.
å Pilipili kichaa 5.

Changanya kwa kutumia blender kwa dakika 4 hadi 5. Kisha iache ipoe na uanze kuitumia

#DOZI NI VIJIKO VIWILI(2) VYA CHAKULA KILA BAADA YA MASAA NANE AU SITA#
 
COVID-19 AND BLOOD CLOTS IN ITALY THE CURE FOR CORONAVIRUS IS FINALLY FOUND. ITALIAN DOCTOR.
MADAKTARI WA ITALY WAMEGUNDUWA KUWA UGONJWA WA MLIPUKO WA VIRUSI VYA CORONA VIRUS UNAPO INGIA MWILINI MWA BINADAMU. UNASABABISHA DAMU KUGANDA KATIKA MISHIPA YA MWILI WA BINADAMU. BAADA YA MADAKTARI KUMPASUA MAITI MOJA ALIYE KUFA KWA HUO UGONJWA WA CORONAVIRUS NA KUMCHUNGUZA MWILI WAKE NA KUGUNDUWA DAMU NDIO INAYOGANDA BAADA YA MTU KUAMBUKIZWA NA HAYO MARADHI YA CORONA VIRUS. SHIRIKA LA AFYA LA DUNIA AKA (WHO) LILIKATAZA MTU AKIFA KWA MARADHI YA CORONA VIRUS ASIFANYIWE UCHUNGUZI MAITI YAKE . ITALY WAKAVUNJA HIYO SHERIA WALIYO IPANGA NA WAKAAMUWA KUFANYA UCHUNGUZI WA MMOJA WA MAITI ALIYEKUFA NDIO NDIPO WALIPO GUNDUWA KUWA SIO VIRUSI VYA CORONA VIRUS BALI NI BAKTERIA (BACTERIA) NDIO WANAO INGIA KWA BINADAMU WANAKWENDA KUSHAMBULIA MISHIPA YA DAMU NA KUIGANDISHA DAMU ISIPATE KUTEMBEA KATIKA MISHIPA . HAWA WAHUSIKA WA SHIRIKA LA AFYA LA DUNIA (WHO) WALIKUWA WANAFICHA UKWELI ILI WATU WAPATE KUPUNGUWA DUNIANI. AMA KWELI ADUWI YAKO MUOMBEE KIFO NA NJAA.



 
Kama damu inaganda inabidi tutumie asprini sasa
Ndio Mkuu Asprin na Apronax zinasaidia kuyeyusha damu kuganda katika mishipa yake. Unatumia na inasaidia sana.


DALILI ZA COVID-19 KWA WATU WENYE ASILI YA AFRIKA.

Kamati imejitahidi kudadisi dalili za awali za ugonjwa huu kutoka kwenye machapisho mbalimbali ya kisayansi, vyombo vya habari, simulizi za madaktari, wauguzi, wagonjwa pamoja na wataalam wengine wa masuala ya afya.

Baada ya tathmini ya kina, kamati imegundua uwepo wa utofauti mkubwa kwenye dalili za ugonjwa huu kwenye idadi kubwa ya watu wenye asili ya ki-Africa.

Kadiri ya maelezo ya wataalam ni kwamba idadi kubwa ya kundi hili huwa halipati dalili za waziwazi za ugonjwa huu zikiwemo (kikohozi, joto Kupanda, homa, mafua, koo kuwasha, kikohozi n.k). Hii imeelezwa kuwa ndio sababu kubwa inayosababisha vifo vingi vya watu weusi nchini Marekani.

Kwa mantiki hii kamati imeona ni vyema kuwasilisha dalili ambazo zimeelezwa kuikumba zaidi jamii ya watu weusi;

1. Kupatwa na uchovu ambao kitaalam unaitwa Malaise. Mwili hujisikia kuchoka hivyo kutamani kupumzika/kujipumzisha

2. Maumivu kwenye vifundo vya mikono na miguu, Kitaalam wanaita Pain in an Extremity

3. Hali ya kuhisi kuishiwa pumzi kwa mbaali. Kitaalam wanaisema, feeling a little bit winded. Hii ni hali ya mmoja kutamani kufanya jitihada ya ziada kuvuta hewa kama pale mmoja apopigwa ngumi ya ghafla tumboni au mgongoni.

Dalili hizi huweza kutokea zote kwa pamoja au kwa awamu.

Endapo mmoja ataruhusu mwili wake kupumzika atatoa mwanya kwa virusi hivi kuushambulia mwili kwa haraka sana. Virusi hivi husababisha damu kuvuja ndani ya mwili na kusababisha kuganda wa kwa damu, blood clot kwenye vifundo, mapafu na kwenye moyo. Na hii imetajwa kuwa ndio sababu kubwa inayosababisha vifo vingi vya jamii ya watu weusi.

USHAURI
Pindi upatapo hali Kati ya hizo tunasisitizwa kuepuka kupumbazwa na miili yetu na kutii kupumzika/kujipumzisha.

Badala yake tunashauriwa kusimama na kuutumikisha mwili kwa kufanya mazoezi ya aina mbalimbali kwani kwa kutokufanya haya huupa mwili muda wa wa kutosha kuruhusu damu kuvuja na kuganda kwenye mirija inayopeleka hewa ya Oxygen kwenye moyo na mapafu.

Hivyo kamati inashauri mambo yafuatayo
1. Mazoezi ya Mara kwa Mara
- Kukimbia,
- kutembea
- kuruka kamba
- Kupanda ngazi badala ya lift/elevator
- kusimama Mara kwa Mara uwapo maeneo ya kazi

2. Kutumia njia za asili Kama tiba Mbadala kwa kunywa maji ya moto yenye mchanganyiko wa limao, vitunguu swaumu na Tangawizi
3. Kusaga vitunguu na kuweka kwenye Kitambaa laini, Onion Poultice kukanda Kifua.

4. Kujitenga na mikusanyiko ya watu kwa kadiri uwezavyo.
 
Ndio Mkuu Asrpin na Apronax zinasaidia kuyeyusha damu kuganda katika mishipa yake. Unatumia na inasaidia sana.
Naomba nieleweshe vizuri nachanganya asprin na apronax au nameza zote kwa pamoja? Na pia nasikia ni junior asprin ndio nzuri? Nataka nipige dozi kwa tahadhari
 
Naomba nieleweshe vizuri nachanganya asprin na apronax au nameza zote kwa pamoja? Na pia nasikia ni junior asprin ndio nzuri? Nataka nipige dozi kwa tahadhari
Unataka kupiga dozi wakati maradhi huna? usitumie dawa pasipo na kuumwa na maradhi utajitafutia maradhi kwa wasiwasi wako wa bure tu.
 

Post-COVID-19 Patients Likely Protected for 6 Months​



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Feb. 3, 2021 -- People who have recovered from COVID-19 likely have high levels of antibodies for 6 months or more, which should protect them from reinfection, according to a new study from researchers at the UK Biobank.

The study provides some reassurance that reinfection soon after recovery should be rare, according to Reuters.

“Although we cannot be certain how this relates to immunity, the results suggest that people may be protected against subsequent infection for at least 6 months following natural infection,” Naomi Allen, PhD, one of the researchers and a chief scientist at the UK Biobank, said during a news briefing on Tuesday.

The research team measured levels of previous COVID-19 infection in several populations across Britain and how long antibodies lasted. Among 1,700 people who tested positive for a previous COVID-19 infection, 99% had antibodies for 3 months. After 6 months, 88% still had antibodies.

Based on blood samples from 20,200 people, the proportion of the United Kingdom population with COVID-19 antibodies rose from 6.6% in May to 8.8% by December. The rate was highest in London, at 12.4%, and lowest in Scotland, at 5.5%.

Antibodies were found in a greater proportion of younger people, according to CNN. About 13.5% of those under age 30 had detectable antibodies, compared with 6.7% of those over age 70. In addition, 16.3% of Black study participants had antibodies, compared with 8.5% of white participants and 7.5% of participants of Chinese ethnicity.

The findings are similar to other studies in the U.K. and Iceland in recent months, Reuters reported, which showed that coronavirus antibodies tend to last for several months after people have recovered. The studies have found that antibodies may last for at least 5 to 8 months, depending on how severe the COVID-19 infection was. Scientists will do more follow-up studies to find out how long antibodies last, Allen told reporters.

Still, Allen and colleagues encouraged people who have been previously infected to wear masks and follow social distancing guidelines, since they can still transmit the virus to others.

In addition, the research team couldn’t find out whether antibodies from a previous COVID-19 infection could protect against the new coronavirus variants found in the U.K., South Africa, and Brazil.

“I think it’s just too early to tell about the level of protection,” Allen said.
 
Naomba nieleweshe vizuri nachanganya asprin na apronax au nameza zote kwa pamoja? Na pia nasikia ni junior asprin ndio nzuri? Nataka nipige dozi kwa tahadhari
usichanganye Asprini na Apronax unaweza kutumia kidonge 1 cha asprini endapo utajisikia mafua au kuumwa na kichwa . Pendelea kuchemsha Tangawizi kisha weka ndani ya kikombe kamulia kipande cha limao na kisha weka asali kikijo 1 koroga vizuri uwe unakunywa kila siku asubuhi na usiku hiyo dawa nzuri itakuzidisha kinga ya mwili na kukulind ana maradhi ya mlipuko wa homa ya mapafu aka Corona Virus.
 
COVID-19'S DAMAGING AFFECTS ON THE BODY KORONA VIRUS.jpg



The COVID Virus May Prompt the Body to Attack Itself

An international team of researchers studying COVID-19 has made a startling and pivotal discovery:

The virus appears to cause the body to make weapons to attack its own tissues.

The finding could unlock a number of COVID’s clinical mysteries. They include the puzzling collection of symptoms that can come with the infection;
the persistence of symptoms in some people for months after they clear the virus, a phenomenon dubbed long COVID;
and why some children and adults have a serious inflammatory syndrome, called MIS-C or MIS-A, after their infections.

“It suggests that the virus might be directly causing autoimmunity, which would be fascinating,” says lead study author Paul Utz, MD,

who studies immunology and autoimmunity at Stanford University in Stanford, CA.

The study, which has not yet been peer reviewed, also deepens the question of whether other respiratory viruses might
also break the body’s tolerance to itself, setting people up for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus later in life.

Utz says he and his team are next going to study flu patients to see if that virus might also cause this phenomenon.

“My prediction is that it isn’t going to be specific just to SARS-CoV-2. I’m willing to bet that we will find this with other respiratory viruses,” he says.

The study comes on the heels of a handful of smaller, detailed investigations that have come to similar conclusions.

The study included data from more than 300 patients from four hospitals: two in California, one in Pennsylvania, and another in Germany.

Researchers used blood tests to study their immune responses as their infections progressed. Researchers looked for autoantibodies --
weapons of the immune system that go rogue and launch an attack against the body’s own tissues.
They compared these autoantibodies to those found in people who were not infected with the virus that causes COVID.

As previous studies have found, autoantibodies were more common after COVID -- 50% of people hospitalized for their infections had autoantibodies,
compared to less than 15% of those who were healthy and uninfected.

Some people with autoantibodies had little change in them as their infections progressed.
That suggests the autoantibodies were there to begin with, possibly allowing the infection to burn out of control in the body.

“Their body is set up to get bad COVID, and it’s probably caused by the autoantibodies,” Utz says.

But in others, about 20% of people who had them, the autoantibodies became more common as the infection progressed,
suggesting they were directly related to the viral infection, instead of being a preexisting condition.

Some of these were antibodies that attack key components of the immune system’s weapons against the virus, like interferon.
Interferons are proteins that help infected cells call for reinforcements and can also interfere with a virus’s
ability to copy itself. Taking them out is a powerful evasive tactic,
and previous studies have shown that people who are born with genes that cause them to have lower interferon function,
or who make autoantibodies against these proteins, appear to be at higher risk for life-threatening COVID infections.

“It seems to give the virus a powerful advantage,” says study author, John Wherry, PhD, who directs the Institute for Immunology at the University of Pennsylvania.

“Now your immune system, instead of having a tiny little hill to climb, is staring at Mount Everest. That really is devious.”

In addition to those that sabotage the immune system, some people in the study had autoantibodies against muscles and connective tissues that are seen in some rare disorders.

Utz says they started the study after seeing COVID patients with strange collections of symptoms that looked more
like autoimmune diseases than viral infections -- skin rashes, joint pain, fatigue, aching muscles, brain swelling, dry eyes, blood that clots easily, and inflamed blood vessels.

“One thing that’s very important to note is that we don’t know if these patients are going to go on to develop autoimmune disease,” Utz says.
“I think we’ll be able to answer that question in the next 6 to 12 months as we follow the long haulers and study their samples.”

Donna Farber, PhD, a professor of microbiology & immunology at Columbia University called the study's findings very interesting.
She points out that most of the patients in the study appeared to be extremely ill and suffering from extensive organ damage from their infections.
She says one possible explanation for the autoantibodies could be that the body is producing them to try to check it's own raging immune responses to the virus.

"Rather than driving the disease, these antibodies are formed in response to the high level of tissue and inflammatory
molecules released due to the virus-associated and immune mediated damage," she says.
"Many types of infections can lead to transient autoimmunity or autoimmune disease--that is well established," she says.

Farber, who was not involved in the study, says long covid seem to be uncommon and for those affected, eventually goes away.
All this suggests that "this virus can really hit the body, but doesn’t alter the immune system to lead to long-term autoimmune disease."

Utz says it will be important to study autoantibodies in long haulers to see if they can identify exactly which ones
seem to be at work in the condition. If you can catch them early, it might be possible to treat those at risk for enduring symptoms with drugs that suppress the immune system.

And more study will be needed to find out whether this autoimmune attack persists. One thing is for sure, he says: COVID will be with us for a long, long time.

“We have to realize that there’s going to be long-term damage from this virus for the survivors. Not just the long haulers,
but all the people who have lung damage and heart damage and everything else. We’re going to be studying this virus and it’s badness for decades,” Utz says.
 
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Virusi vya corona: Ukipata maambukizi ya corona utakuwa na kinga kwa miezi kadhaa

Watu wengi ambao wamewahi kupata ugonjwa wa virusi vya corona miili yao imejikinga yenyewe na hawawezi kupata tena ugonjwa huo kwa karibu miezi mitano, utafiti ulioongozwa na wizara ya Afya nchini Uingereza imeonesha.

Kama mwili uliwahi kupata maambukizi, asilimia ya kupata maambukizi hayo yanapungua kwa 83 ikilinganishwa na wale ambao hawajawahi kupata maambukizi hayo, wanasayani wamebaini.

Lakini wataalamu wameonya kuwa baadhi ya watu wanapata maambukizi ya virusi vya corona tena na pia wanaweza kuambukiza wengine.

Maafisa wanasisitiza kuwa watu wanastahili kufuata sheria za kubaki nyumbani - ama wawe wamewahi kupata maambukizi au la.

Kuokoa maisha'
Profesa Susan Hopkins, aliyeongoza utafiti huo alisema matokeo hayo yanatia moyo kuwa kinga ilichukuwa muda mrefu lakini hilo halikuwa na uhakika.

Pia kulikuwa na wasiwasi kwamba baadhi ya waliopata tena mambukizi wana kiwango cha juu cha virusi - hata kama hawana maambukizi - na walikuwa katika hatari ya kusambaza kwa wengine, alisema.

"Hio ilimaanisha kuwa hata kama umepata maambukizi hayo na unakinga, unaweza kuwa na uhakika kwamba ni vigumu kupata maambukizi makali lakini bado kuna hatari unaweza kuambukiza wengine," aliongeza.

"Kuliko wakati mwingine wowote, ni muhimu sana ikiwa watu wabaki nyumbani kulinda afya zao na maisha yao."

Kuanzia Juni hadi Novemba 2020, ikiwa ni karibu wafanyakazi wa afya 21,000 kote Uingereza walikuwa wanapimwa mara kwa mara kfuatilia ikiwa wana virusi vya corona au walikuwa navyo wakapona.

Kwa wale ambao hawakuwa na kinga ya virusi hivyo huenda hawajawahi kupata maambukizi hayo, huku 318 wakionesha uwezekano wa kupata maambukizi mapya ndani ya kipindi hicho.

Lakini miongoni mwa watu 6,614 waliokuwa na kinga, 44 walikuwa na uwezekano wa kupata maambukizi mapya.

Watafiti wamepokea ushahidi kadhaa unaoonesha kuwa watu hawa walikuwa wamepata tena maambukizi ikiwemo dalili mpya zaidi ya siku 90 baada maambukizi yao ya kwanza, na kupimwa tena.

Baadhi ya vipimo bado vinaendelezwa na watafiti wanasema matokeo yao yatawekwa wazi baada ya kutoka.

'Uwezekano wa kinga kuimarika'
Wanasayansi wataendelea kufuatilia wahudumu wa afya kwa miezi 12 kuangalia kinga yao itadumu kwa muda gani.

Pia watafuatilia kwa karibu maambukizi ya virusi vipya ambayo hayakuwa yameanza kusambaa sana wakati utafiti huu wa kinga kwa waliopata chanjo unafanyika.

Dkt. Julian Tang, mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya virusi kutoka chuo kikuu cha Leicester, alisema matokeo yanatia moyo kwa wahudumu wa afya.

"Kupata kinga baada ya kupona maambukizi ya virusi vya corona sio tatizo... na huenda kukaimarisha kinga ya asili," aliongeza.

"Hili huwa linatokea hata wakati wa msimu wa chanjo ya mafua.

"Ni matumaini yangu kuwa matokeo ya utafiti huu yatapunguza wasiwasi kwa wahudumu wa afya juu ya kupata maambukizi ya virusi vya corona mara mbili."

Mengine yaliyotokea:

Mwanasayansi mwandamizi amesema maambukizi ya virusi vya corona yanapungua Uingereza na idadi ya maambukizi hayo yameanza kupungua katika baadhi ya maeneo. Lakini Profesa Neil Ferguson ameonya kuwa jumala ya idadi ya vifo huenda ikazidi 100,000
Baadhi ya maduka ya kuuza dawa Uingereza yataanza kutoa chanjo kwa makundi ya watu waliopewa kipaumbele kuanzia Alhamisi, huku 200 wakipata chanjo hiyo katika kipindi cha wiki mbili zijazo.
Sheria za kujipima virusi vya corona Uingereza kwa wageni zimesongezwa mbele kwa siku kadhaa ili wasafiri wapate muda wa kujitayarisha, serikali imesema.



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Coronavirus: Je kinga ya virusi vya corona itaziba pengo la chanjo kati ya nchi tajiri na maskini?

Mtaalamu wa chembe za urithi Kate Broderick ni miongoni mwa timu ya wanasayansi ambao wanashughulika na moja kati ya majaribio 44 ya kutafuta tiba ya ugonjwa virusi vya corona (Covid-19) ambao kwa sasa ni janga kote duniani.

Ni miongoni mwa timu ya watafiti wa kampuni ya Inovio ya biotekinolojia ya Marekani ambayo inapanga kuwa na dozi milioni moja ya kinga ya Covid 19 kufikia mapema Desemba lakini je ni wapi na ni nani atakayewapokea?

Ni swali ambalo mara nyingi humjia Daktari Broderick. Mwanasayansi huyu wa Uskochi ana dada yake ambaye ni muuguzi katika Hospitali ya Taifa ya Uingereza.

"Dada yangu anakuwa na wakati mgumu kila siku kusaidia watu kukabiliana na ugonjwa huu. Na bila shaka nina wasiwasi kuhusu hali ya kila mmoja wetu," ameiambia BBC.

Je inawezekana chanjo ya Virusi vya Corona kupatikana kwa usawa?

Washirika wake ni pamoja na Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO).

"Ni wakati wakuwa na mazungumzo kama haya, hata ingawa chanjo yenyewe bado haijapatikana," Berkley ameaimbia BBC.

"Changamoto itakuwa ni kuhakikisha kwamba kuna chanjo ya kutosha kwa watu anaohitaji kutoka nchi tajiri lakini pia kwa nchi maskini vilevile."

"Bila shaka nina wasiwasi. Kuna tabia zisizoridhisha zinazojitokeza kila kunapokuwa na bidhaa ambayo ni adimu sana kupatikana. Tunahitajika kufanya maamuzi sahihi kwa sasa ," Berkley ameongeza.

Hofu yake haina kithibitisho: Upatikanaji wa chanjo kwa usawa kumekuwa jambo linalopewa angalizo siku za nyuma. Hivi karibuni, Gazeti la Ujerumani la Welt Am Sontag limenukuu maafisa waandamizi serikalini kuonesha kwamba Rais wa Marekani Donald Trump alijaribu na akashindwa kuhakikisha utoaji huduma sawa kwa raia wote wa Marekani ya chanjo inayobuniwa na kampuni moja ya biotekinolojia ya Ujerumani ya CureVac.

Pengo la utoaji wa chancho ya Hepatitis B
Mfano mzuri ni wa chanjo ya hepatitis B, virusi vinavyoongoza katika usababishaji wa saratani ya ini na ambayo maambukizi yake ni mara 50 zaidi ya virusi vya HIV, kulingana na WHO.

Inakadiriwa kuwa watu milioni 257 kote duniani waliishi na ugonjwa wa hepatitis B mwaka 2015.

Chanjo dhidi ya ugonjwa huu ilianza kupatikana kwa nchi tajiri mwaka 1982 lakini kufikia 2000 chini ya asilimia 10 ya nchi maskini duniani ndizo zilizokuwa zinaweza kupata chanjo hii.

Shirika ambalo liliundwa na Bill and Melinda Gates mwaka 2000 la Gavi, limesaidia pakubwa kupunguza pengo hili asante kwa makubaliano ya serikali na kampuni za utengenezaji wa dawa.

Kiungo mwengine muhimu katika upatikanaji wa chanjo ni ni Muungano wa shirika la kukabiliana na majanga na ubinifu wa tiba lenye makao yake Norway lililoundwa 2017 kufadhili utafutaji wa chanjo kwa kutumia pesa kutoka kwa wa fadhili wa umma na kibinafsi.

Shirika hilo linapigia moja kwa moja linaunga mkono upatikanaji wa chanjo kwa usawa.

"Kama Covid 19 inavyoonesha, magonjwa ya kuambukiza mara nyingi hayatilii maanani mipaka," kampuni hiyo imesema kwenye taarifa.

"Hatuwezi kuzuia wala kusitisha tishio la maambukizi yanayosambaa kote duniani bila kuwepo na chanjo zinazotolewa kwa usawa."

Ukweli wa upatikanaji chanjo

Mfano mzuri ni Gardasil, chanjo iliyobuniwa 2007 na maabara ya Marekani inayomilikiwa na kampuni ya Merck kukabiliana na virusi vya Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) iliorodheshwa na mamlaka ya Marekani mwaka 2014.

HPV ndio chanzo kikuu cha virusi vingi vya saratani ya mlango wa tumbo la uzazi kote duniani lakini hadi mwaka 2019 chanjo hiyo ilikuwa inapatikana kwa nchini 13 tu maskini.

Wanaotaabika? Upungufu duniani unaosababishwa na uhitaji unaoongezeka

Asilimia 85 ya vifo kote duniani vya saratani ya mlango wa kizazi vinavyotokea katika nchi maskini.

Ili kuelewa zaidi kwanini upungufu huu unatokea pia tunahtajika kuangazia biashara ya chanjo.

Faida kidogo kutokana na uvumbuzi wa chanjo
Chanjo siyo tu biashara inayotegemewa na maduka ya kuuza dawa wakati ambapo soko la duniani likiwa na thamani ya dola trilioni 1.2 mwaka 2018 na kufikia karibia dola bilioni 40 katika kipindi sawa na hicho.

Tofauti kama hizo zinaakisi vile biashara ya kutengeneza chanjo ni hatari zaidi kuliko biashara ya utengenezaji dawa.

Chanjo inahitaji utafiti wa hali ya juu na gharama yake ni ya juu na pia kanuni na sheria ni ngumu upande wa majaribio.

Pia mashirika ya afya ya umma, wateja wake wakuu wananunua dozi kwa gharama ya chini zaidi ikilinganishwa na wateja wa sekta ya kibinafsi.

Prevenar, chanjo dhidi ya viini vinavyosababisha pneumonia ilikuwa na mauzo ya juu zaidi 2018 katika kampuni ya Pfizer

Kwa ujumla hilo linafanya biashara ya chanjo kuwa isiyo na faida ikilinganishwa na ile ya utengenezaji wa dawa hasa chanjo ambazo zinatolewa mara moja katika maisha ya mwanadamu.

Marekani, idadi ya kampuni za kutengeneza chanjo ilipungua kutoka 26 mwaka 1967 hadi 5 kufikia 2004, kwasababu makampuni yalianza kuangazia zaidi katika tiba badala ya kuzuia.

Hata hivyo, mambo yamebadilika. Afueni imepatikana kutoka kwa taasisi na watu kama vile Bill and Melinda Gates, ambao wametoa ufadhili wa mabilioni ya madola kuhakikisha chanjo inafikia wengi katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ambapo uhitaji wa kinga umekuwa ukiongezeka.

Chanjo iliyopata mafanikio makubwa
Chancho kama vile ya Prevenar, kinga kwa watoto na watu wenye umri mkubwa dhidi ya viini vinavyosababisha pneumonia zimekuwa na mafanikio makubwa.

Mwaka 2019, chanjo ya Prevenar ilikuwa moja ya dawa 10 zenye kununuliwa kwa wingi duniani ikitengeneza mapato ya dola bilioni 5.8, kulingana na Jarida la Kisayansi la Nature.

Chanjo iliyotengenezwa na kampuni ya Pfizer, kinga iliyokuwa na mauzo ya juu hata kuliko zile zinazosemekana kuwa bidhaa maarufu za kimataifa kama vile: Viagra.

Huku shirika la kimataifa la chanjo la Gavi likiwa linashirikisha hata nchi maskini, dozi moja ya chanjo ya Prevenar ni chini ya dola 3 kwasababu ya makubaliano ya kibiashara ( ya kununua chanjo hiyo kwa kiwango cha juu na kupunguza gharama ya dozi moja) bei ambayo Marekani imepanda hadi dola 180.

Uingereza, dozi bili ya chanjo ya HPV ambayo inatolewa bure kwa wasichana na wavulana kati ya umri wa miaka 12 na 13, itafanya gharama hiyo kuwa dola 351.

Kwa shirika la kimataifa la chanjo la Gavi ni chini ya dola 5 kwa dozi moja.

Wasiwasi wa soko huru
Kwahiyo kwa nchi tajiri, faida ni ya juu kama namna ya kwanza ya kufidia gharama ya utafiti na utengenezaji wa chanjo.

Chama cha Dawa cha Uingereza kinakadiria kwamba ubunifu wa chanjo mpya kunaweza kugharimu hadi dola bilioni 1.8.

"Iwapo maamuzi yataachiwa soko huru, watu kutoka nchi tajiri pekee ndio watakaoweza kupata chanjo ya ugonjwa wa Covid 19," Mark Jit, Profesa wa chuo kikuu cha London na magonjwa ya nchi za Kitropiki, ameelezea BBC.

"Hili tumelishuhudia katika chanjo nyingi za nyuma lakini wakati huu tutashuhudia maafa zaidi iwapo hilo litatokea tena."

Pia, licha ya faida ndogo, kampuni kubwa za dawa kama vile Pfizer na Merck zinasimamia asilimia 80 ya mauzo ya chanjo duniani, kulingana na takwimu za WHO.

Kwa hiyo kuna uwezekano kwamba kampuni kubwa za kuuza dawa hatimaye zitakuwa na jukumu muhimu katika chanjo ya Coronavirus.

"Huenda wazo la awali lisiwe lao lakini wao ndio wenye uwezo wa kifedha wa kuhakikisha chanjo inapatikana," Ana Nicholls, mchambuzi wa kiwanda cha dawa cha Economist Intelligence ameiambia BBC.

Makubaliano
Kampuni ya Inovio, kwa mfano, itashirikiana na kampuni ya dawa kuongeza uzalishaji hadi kiwango cha mamia ya mamilioni ya dozi kadhaa iwapo chanjo ya Covid 19 itakuwa na mafinikio.

Kampuni kubwa kubwa zimeahidi kuhakikisha kila mmoja anapata chanjo katika miaka ya hivi karibuni.

Kampuni ya Uingereza ya GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), moja ya kampuni kubwa za dawa kote duniani inashirikiana na wengine kutafuta chanjo ya Covid 19.

"Kupata tiba ya Covid 19 kunahitaji ushirikiano kutoka kwa kila mmoja katika sekta ya afya," amesema mkurugenzi Emma Walmsley katika taarifa.

"Tunaamini pakubwa kwamba ushirikiano kati ya wanasayansi, viwanda, wadhibiti, serikali na wahudumu wa afya kutasaidia pakubwa kulinda watu na kutoa suluhisho kote duniani kukabiliana na janga hili."

Seth Berkley kutoka Shirika la kimataifa la chanjo - Gavi anaamini kwamba makubaliano hayo yatakuwa muhimu iwapo tunataka kupunguza pengo la chanjo baina ya nchi.

"Bila shaka upatikanaji wa chanjo kwa wote ni jambo ambalo haliwezi kufikiwa mara moja"

"Lakini hili haliwezi kufikiwa kwa kuzingatia upatikanaji wa chanjo kwa misingi ya uwezo wa nchi kulipia gharama," ameongeza.

"Iwapo tutashindwa kutoa chanjo hii kwa nchi zenye uhitaji zaidi, ni wazi kuwa janga hili litaendelea."

 
Coronavirus

Coronavirus: Watu watarejea lini katika hali ya kawaida?

Ni kama dunia inataka kuzima. Maeneo ambayo kulikuwa na hekaheka nyingi za maisha ya kila siku.
Sasa hali imekuwa tofauti, miji imekuwa kimya kama miji ya mizimu ambapo kwengine hakuna watu barabarani na shughuli zikiwa zimesitishwa huku kukiwa na makatazo mengi.
Makatazo kuanzia kwenye shule, usafiri na mikusanyiko ya watu kuzuiwa hata sehemu za ibada au burudani.
Swali ni lini ugonjwa huu wa corona utaisha?
Lakini haijajulikana pia ni lini hali hii ya hofu dhidi ya corona itaondoka katika maisha yetu?
Waziri mkuu wa Uingereza Boris Johnson anaamini kuwa mlipuko huu unaweza kupata chanjo ndani ya wiki 12 zijazo.
Huku idadi ya kesi za corona zitaanza kupungua katika miezi mitatu ijayo, hivyo bado tutakuwa mbali kufikia hatima ya janga hili.
Mlipuko wa ugonjwa huu unaweza kuchukua muda mrefu kuondoka hata mwaka mzima unaweza kupita.
Iko wazi kuwa , maeneo mengi ya umma yamefungwa au hayafanyi kazi kwa muda usiofahamika.
Shughuli za kijamii na kiuchumi zimedorora na zatarajia kuathiri dunia kwa kiwango kikubwa.
Maswali ni mengi bila majibu...
Ni nchi gani inahitaji kuwa na mikakati ya kuondoka katika janga hili?
Ni namna gani watu wanaweza kurudi katika hali ya kawaida na mataifa kuachana na makatazo ya kila kukicha.
Lakini je, virusi vya corona havitaondoka?
Kama wataacha kuzingatia makatazo yaliyowekwa basi visa vya ugonjwa huu vitaongezeka.
"Tuna tatizo kubwa na kuondoka katika tatizo hili pia ni changamoto kubwa," alisema bwana Mark Woolhouse, Profesa wa magonjwa ya maambukizi katika chuo kikuu cha Edinburgh.
"Tatizo halipo Uingereza peke yake, hakuna taifa ambalo lina mikakati ya kujinasua kutoka katika janga hili."

Ni changamoto kubwa kwa wanasayansi na janga kubwa kwa jamii kwa ujumla​

Kuna namna tatu za kukabiliana na tatizo hili.
  • Chanjo
  • Idadi ya kutosha kuwa na kinga ya kuepuka maambukizi
  • au kubadili mifumo ya maisha yetu
Njia hizo zinaweza kuzuia maambukizi kusambaa kwa wingi.
Chanjo - kupatikana ndani ya miezi 12-18
Chanjo inaweza kumpa mtu kinga, ya kujizuia kupata gonjwa kama akikumbana na maambukizi .
Watu wengi wakipata chanjo kama kinga , kwa watu wapatao asilimia 60% hivi , basi virusi haviwezi kusababisha milipuko kutokea.
Mgonjwa wa kwanza kupewa chanjo kama jaribio nchini Marekani wiki hii baada ya watafiti kusema kuwa waliruhusiwa kuacha kutumia mlolongo ambao huwa wanatumia kila wakati kwa kutumia vipimo vya wanyama.
Utafiti wa chanjo unafanyiwa kwa haraka lakini hakuna uhakika lini wataweza kufanikiwa kupata kinga hiyo duniani kote kwa ujumla.
Kama chanjo itawezekana kupatikana kama ilivyopangwa kwa miezi 12-18, basi kila kitu kitaenda sawa.
Bado hakuna uhakika wa lini watu wataendela na shughuli zao na amani ikarejea kwa watu.
"Kusubiriwa kwa chanjo kusiwe kuwa jambo ambalo ni moja ya mkakati," Prof Woolhouse aliiambia BBC.
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Kinga ya asili - kwa takribani miaka miwili ijayo
Tunazungumzia matumaini kidogo ya kuweza kukabiliana na janga hili.
Swali kubwa ni kinga ikiwepo itadumu kwa muda gani.
Virusi vingine vya corona huwa vina dalili ya mafua ambavyo huwafanya watu kupata mara kwa mara.
Njia mbadala - hakuna uhakika wa mwisho wake
"Njia nyingine ambayo watu wanapaswa kufuata ni kuweka mabadiliko ya moja kwa moja ya kupunguza kiwango cha maambukizi.
Hii ni pamoja kuendelea kuchukua tahadhari ambazo tumepewa tayari kama vile kuzingatia usafi na kujikinga na watu ambao wameambukizwa.
Kama dawa ya ugonjwa huu wa corona ikifanikiwa kupatikana basi itaweza kusaidia mipango mingine ya kukabiliana na janga hili.
Kama dalili zikiweza kutambuliwa mapema na kuzuiliwa kwa maambukizi kwa wengine.
Matumaini bado yapo kwa chanjo na wanasayansi duniani kote wanategemewa kuja na suluhu ya janga hili.
 

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