Utangulizi
Hapa nataka kutoa summary ya mambo ya kuzingatiwa katika energy policy ya nchi, kama haya yamo kwenye policy yetu ya energy (If we have anyway) je kamati ya Bunge katika kuisimamia serikali inawa bana kuhusu haya na je mapendekezo wanayozingatia yanafuata hii thinking katika energy development nchini kwetu?
Table:1 Sectoral Factors Influencing Role of Government in Technology Innovation
SECTORAL CHARACTERISTIC
Power Sector Technologies
National Interest
Energy Security
Environmental Externalities
air pollution, climate change
Market characteristics
electricity is commodity good
Complementary and Enabling Infrastructure Institutional
rules for access to power network; knowledge about resource availability; environmental regulation
Complementary and Enabling Infrastructure Physical
power network
Source: Norberg-Bohm, The Role of Government in Technology Innovation (With minor modification)
Table 2: Energy production possibilities and unit cost per each technology
Technology
Characteristics
Investment cost (US$/kW)
Production cost (US$/MWh)
Large hydro
10 to 18 000 MW
1 000 5 500
30 120
Small hydro
1 to 10 MW
2 500 7 000
60 140
Onshore wind
1 to 3 MW
1 200 1 700
70 -140
Offshore wind
1.5 to 5 MW
2 200 3 000
80 120
Biomass co-firing
5 to > 100 MW
120 to 1 200 + power station costs
20 - 50
Biomass combustion
10 to 100 MW
2 000 3 000
60 - 190
Solar PV
10 MW + rooftop 1-5 kWp
5 000 6 500
200 - 800
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Up to 300 MW
4 000 9 000
130 - 230
Enhanced geothermal
5 to 50 MW
5 000 15 000
150 - 300
Tidal and marine currents
Demonstration
7 000 10 000
150 - 200
Source:Energy Transition Perspective: Building blocks and Institutional constraints (www.itineralinstitute.org)
Energy system innovations; technology-push & demand-pull measures
Technology-push; new technologies need to be created to be pushed into the market For this to be realised then the important factors are such as
Demand-pull: economic instruments can be use to create demand for new technologies
Sijui kama kamati ya bunge na wizara husika inazingatia haya kuleta permanent energy solution. Sasa hapa sielewi hiyo Dowans na miradi inayofanana na hiyo ilikuwaje ikawa ndiyo mtizamo wa kutatua matatizo yetu ya energy huku hizi zikitumia oil ambayo haipo hapa kwetu na inapanda kila siku katika global market huku ikilaumiwa kuchafua mazingira kwa hali ya juu.
Kama mimi ningekuwa mshauri wa wizara basi decision ingetegemea Capacity Factor (CF) (CF= Total Production/Theoratical Maximum Production)ya particular technology kulingana na available resources yaani tulizonazo. So far tuna Biomass (Kuni) Hydropower, coal na solar. Nitaeleza faida ya one after the other na sababu za kuichagua ama kuacha.
Biomas- Hii ni most preferred kwasababu kwenye climate issues ni co2 neutral na maana uki burn kuni basi co2 released inakuwa taken na growing trees ambazo zitakuwa zinafuata utaalamu wa tree management katika sustainable use. Hii pia katika nchi kama yetu italeta economy of scale kwani wananchi badala ya kulima mahindi tu na kahawa na other crops basi watalima miti kufuata maelekezo ya wataalam ili kuwe na rotation nzuri. Climate yetu ni favourable kwenye fast growing species. Sasa Sweeden hi indo source yao ya energy na wamepanga after not less than 10 years watakuwa energy independent country.
Hydro power: Stglers Gorge ni moja ya available resources. Hii pamoja environmentalist wanaijia juu lakini bado nchi kama Norway ni 100% dependent on this japo winters zina constrain hii technology kwao. Sisi comperatively tuna advantage kwani tukiweza kutunza vyanzo vyetu basi tume solve hii problem. China wana Hydro powers kubwa ambazo zina uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wakutumia nchi yetu na mapaka tuka export kwa majirani zetu-Urafiki wetu ungeweza kuwashawishi wakatusaidia.
Solar japo CF yake haizidi 33% kwenye nchi zenye jua masaa kumi na mbili bado rural areas zingesaidia kwenye lighting ya nyumba zao. etc etc
Hofu yangu nikuwa pengine hatuna independent energy policy ndiyo maana tuko tunapiga mark time kila mwaka hata baada ya miaka 50. Lakini kinachonishangaza ni vipi watu walifikiria kina Dowans na IPTL huku zikienda contrary na mtizamo wa dunia kwamaana ya Kyoto protocol? Je hakuna watu walioshiriki kwenye hiyo global resolutions? Ndiyo hapo napo washangaa vijana wasomi kama hao wanao ongoza hizo kamati za Bunge kushindwa kufikiria into these lines na kungangania mambo ya umeme wa fossils. Nawasilisha!
Hapa nataka kutoa summary ya mambo ya kuzingatiwa katika energy policy ya nchi, kama haya yamo kwenye policy yetu ya energy (If we have anyway) je kamati ya Bunge katika kuisimamia serikali inawa bana kuhusu haya na je mapendekezo wanayozingatia yanafuata hii thinking katika energy development nchini kwetu?
Table:1 Sectoral Factors Influencing Role of Government in Technology Innovation
SECTORAL CHARACTERISTIC
Power Sector Technologies
National Interest
Energy Security
Environmental Externalities
air pollution, climate change
Market characteristics
electricity is commodity good
Complementary and Enabling Infrastructure Institutional
rules for access to power network; knowledge about resource availability; environmental regulation
Complementary and Enabling Infrastructure Physical
power network
Source: Norberg-Bohm, The Role of Government in Technology Innovation (With minor modification)
Table 2: Energy production possibilities and unit cost per each technology
Technology
Characteristics
Investment cost (US$/kW)
Production cost (US$/MWh)
Large hydro
10 to 18 000 MW
1 000 5 500
30 120
Small hydro
1 to 10 MW
2 500 7 000
60 140
Onshore wind
1 to 3 MW
1 200 1 700
70 -140
Offshore wind
1.5 to 5 MW
2 200 3 000
80 120
Biomass co-firing
5 to > 100 MW
120 to 1 200 + power station costs
20 - 50
Biomass combustion
10 to 100 MW
2 000 3 000
60 - 190
Solar PV
10 MW + rooftop 1-5 kWp
5 000 6 500
200 - 800
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)
Up to 300 MW
4 000 9 000
130 - 230
Enhanced geothermal
5 to 50 MW
5 000 15 000
150 - 300
Tidal and marine currents
Demonstration
7 000 10 000
150 - 200
Source:Energy Transition Perspective: Building blocks and Institutional constraints (www.itineralinstitute.org)
Energy system innovations; technology-push & demand-pull measures
Technology-push; new technologies need to be created to be pushed into the market For this to be realised then the important factors are such as
- Research & Development
- policies,
- demonstration projects, etc
- carbon taxes,
- production subsidies, etc
Sijui kama kamati ya bunge na wizara husika inazingatia haya kuleta permanent energy solution. Sasa hapa sielewi hiyo Dowans na miradi inayofanana na hiyo ilikuwaje ikawa ndiyo mtizamo wa kutatua matatizo yetu ya energy huku hizi zikitumia oil ambayo haipo hapa kwetu na inapanda kila siku katika global market huku ikilaumiwa kuchafua mazingira kwa hali ya juu.
Kama mimi ningekuwa mshauri wa wizara basi decision ingetegemea Capacity Factor (CF) (CF= Total Production/Theoratical Maximum Production)ya particular technology kulingana na available resources yaani tulizonazo. So far tuna Biomass (Kuni) Hydropower, coal na solar. Nitaeleza faida ya one after the other na sababu za kuichagua ama kuacha.
Biomas- Hii ni most preferred kwasababu kwenye climate issues ni co2 neutral na maana uki burn kuni basi co2 released inakuwa taken na growing trees ambazo zitakuwa zinafuata utaalamu wa tree management katika sustainable use. Hii pia katika nchi kama yetu italeta economy of scale kwani wananchi badala ya kulima mahindi tu na kahawa na other crops basi watalima miti kufuata maelekezo ya wataalam ili kuwe na rotation nzuri. Climate yetu ni favourable kwenye fast growing species. Sasa Sweeden hi indo source yao ya energy na wamepanga after not less than 10 years watakuwa energy independent country.
Hydro power: Stglers Gorge ni moja ya available resources. Hii pamoja environmentalist wanaijia juu lakini bado nchi kama Norway ni 100% dependent on this japo winters zina constrain hii technology kwao. Sisi comperatively tuna advantage kwani tukiweza kutunza vyanzo vyetu basi tume solve hii problem. China wana Hydro powers kubwa ambazo zina uwezo wa kuzalisha umeme wakutumia nchi yetu na mapaka tuka export kwa majirani zetu-Urafiki wetu ungeweza kuwashawishi wakatusaidia.
Solar japo CF yake haizidi 33% kwenye nchi zenye jua masaa kumi na mbili bado rural areas zingesaidia kwenye lighting ya nyumba zao. etc etc
Hofu yangu nikuwa pengine hatuna independent energy policy ndiyo maana tuko tunapiga mark time kila mwaka hata baada ya miaka 50. Lakini kinachonishangaza ni vipi watu walifikiria kina Dowans na IPTL huku zikienda contrary na mtizamo wa dunia kwamaana ya Kyoto protocol? Je hakuna watu walioshiriki kwenye hiyo global resolutions? Ndiyo hapo napo washangaa vijana wasomi kama hao wanao ongoza hizo kamati za Bunge kushindwa kufikiria into these lines na kungangania mambo ya umeme wa fossils. Nawasilisha!
