Tanesco wants Dowans’ turbines

[Njimba Nsalilwe]

Tanesco wants Dowans’ turbines

CHARLES KIZIGHA
Daily News; Sunday,October 12, 2008 @20:10


Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (Tanesco) has asked the government to procure idle gas turbines owned by Messrs Dowans, in the light of non-existence reserve power supply to cope with rising demand.

The required minimum emergency power reserve when plants develop hitches is between 15 and 20 per cent, which is 136 mw for the current demand of 680 mw. But the demand is expected to reach 780 mw early next year.

The state’s power utility firm last week wrote a letter to the ministry of energy and minerals, asking for permission to take part in the procurement process of the 35 mw gas turbine laying ‘idle’ at Ubungo in Dar es Salaam.

Tanesco which has expressed fear over load shedding caused by the absence of power reserve for emergency in the country, has also asked clearance from the same ministry to engage an expert to evaluate the almost new Messrs Dowans 35 mw gas turbine.

Dowans whose contract was cancelled last August, has two sets of gas turbine with total capacity of 100 mw. [COLOR="blue[/U][/COLOR]"]One of 65 mw said to be second hand and that of 35 mw is reported to be new which Tanesco’s board is in favour of.
The Tanesco management and its board are desperately looking for more sources of power from Independent Power Projects (IPPs) for reserve purpose, in case of unforeseen eventualities as is the case at present.

When contacted for comment as to whether the company was in the process of selling or leasing the generators, sources close to Dowans said: “the company is here to do business.“The contract has been terminated. Business has to go on. There are several business options to put the plant in use.

If Tanesco comes up with a good offer we will consider it.” Sources close to Tanesco explained that total maximum capacity of all hydro and thermal plants connected to the national grid is 837 mw, while the national current demand is 680 mw and by early next year it would reach 780 mw.

So, maximum production of 837 mw minus the current demand of 680 mw meaning a surplus of 157 mw and for next year it would be 57 mw. Since the current production fluctuates between 520 mw and 540 mw because of a number of reasons, there is a significant deficit hence Tanesco’s board and management look for extra IPPs.

Current deficit is caused by halting of two Songas’ gas turbines with combined capacity of 70 mw and low electricity production at hydro plants because of unpredictable rains. The following are the names of the plants plus current production with installed capacities in brackets: Kidatu 150 mw (200), Kihansi ranges between 80 and 34 mw (180), Mtera 70 mw (80), Pangani between 25 and 20 mw (68).

The others are Nyumba ya Mungu 3.5 mw (8), Hale 9 mw (21), Wartsiler 70 mw (100), Aggreko which winds up business next month, 40 mw (40), Songas 110mw (180). The Minister for Energy and Minerals, Mr William Ngeleja nor the ministry’s Permanent Secretary, Mr Arthur Mwakapugi, was available for comment.

Last month, the public experienced five days of load shedding when Songas halted three gas turbines, with a capacity of 106 mw for technical reasons. Another 60 mw deficit followed last week, when Tanesco’s current transformer and one of the Aggreko’s 20 mw turbine developed snags.

Songas last week received two gas turbines to replace its two defective ones and were being installed at its site in Ubungo. They are expected to be commissioned at the end of this month. The new electricity law prohibits the existing IPPs from operating for five years after expiry of their licence. Aggreko’s licence will expire next month and therefore 40 mw would be off the national grid from that date.

My queries to JF members!

Why Dowans' turbines are still at TANESCO's premises while the contract terminated in August 08?

How much do they pay to TANESCO for continuing keeping their turbines there?

After the termination of contract who is insuring the turbines? In case of accident who will be responsible? TANESCO or DOWANS? Under which contract?

Read this extract "When contacted for comment as to whether the company was in the process of selling or leasing the generators, sources close to Dowans said: “the company is here to do business.“The contract has been terminated. Business has to go on.

What do these two statement meant? If business continues is the contract terminated?

Let us face it, between TANESCO and DOWINS who is in strong position?

This article has left me with many questions than answers.

If they want to procure another turbines why only from DOWANS and not from other sources? Something fishy here.



Njimba

 

[Moelex23]

Hivi kweli Tanesco wana akili timamu au ndio wametufanya watanzania majuha?? Kumbe masikini ya mungu kuharibika kwa generators za songas na Aggreko ilikuwa ni upumbavu huu wa kutaka kutuibia!!!

nasema hivi, wizara ya Nishati mkipitisha upumbavu huu, mawaziri mjiandae kujiuzulu.

Kama Tanesco inahitaji generators kwa nini wasiende GE au wartsila moja kwa moja ili wapate na warranty???

Halafu wanasema watanunua generator mpya kutoka dowans, itakuwa vipi mpya wakati dowans walishanunua na kuitumia kwenye huo mradi hewa wa Richmond?? Si imeshakuwa used?? Tutapata wapi warranty???


Tanesco wants Dowans' turbines

Daily News; Sunday,October 12, 2008 @20:10


Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (Tanesco) has asked the government to procure idle gas turbines owned by Messrs Dowans, in the light of non-existence reserve power supply to cope with rising demand.

The required minimum emergency power reserve when plants develop hitches is between 15 and 20 per cent, which is 136 mw for the current demand of 680 mw. But the demand is expected to reach 780 mw early next year.

The state's power utility firm last week wrote a letter to the ministry of energy and minerals, asking for permission to take part in the procurement process of the 35 mw gas turbine laying ‘idle' at Ubungo in Dar es Salaam.

Tanesco which has expressed fear over load shedding caused by the absence of power reserve for emergency in the country, has also asked clearance from the same ministry to engage an expert to evaluate the almost new Messrs Dowans 35 mw gas turbine.

Dowans whose contract was cancelled last August, has two sets of gas turbine with total capacity of 100 mw. One of 65 mw said to be second hand and that of 35 mw is reported to be new which Tanesco's board is in favour of.

The Tanesco management and its board are desperately looking for more sources of power from Independent Power Projects (IPPs) for reserve purpose, in case of unforeseen eventualities as is the case at present.

When contacted for comment as to whether the company was in the process of selling or leasing the generators, sources close to Dowans said: "the company is here to do business."The contract has been terminated. Business has to go on. There are several business options to put the plant in use.

If Tanesco comes up with a good offer we will consider it." Sources close to Tanesco explained that total maximum capacity of all hydro and thermal plants connected to the national grid is 837 mw, while the national current demand is 680 mw and by early next year it would reach 780 mw.

So, maximum production of 837 mw minus the current demand of 680 mw meaning a surplus of 157 mw and for next year it would be 57 mw. Since the current production fluctuates between 520 mw and 540 mw because of a number of reasons, there is a significant deficit hence Tanesco's board and management look for extra IPPs.

Current deficit is caused by halting of two Songas' gas turbines with combined capacity of 70 mw and low electricity production at hydro plants because of unpredictable rains. The following are the names of the plants plus current production with installed capacities in brackets: Kidatu 150 mw (200), Kihansi ranges between 80 and 34 mw (180), Mtera 70 mw (80), Pangani between 25 and 20 mw (68).

The others are Nyumba ya Mungu 3.5 mw (8), Hale 9 mw (21), Wartsiler 70 mw (100), Aggreko which winds up business next month, 40 mw (40), Songas 110mw (180). The Minister for Energy and Minerals, Mr William Ngeleja nor the ministry's Permanent Secretary, Mr Arthur Mwakapugi, was available for comment.

Last month, the public experienced five days of load shedding when Songas halted three gas turbines, with a capacity of 106 mw for technical reasons. Another 60 mw deficit followed last week, when Tanesco's current transformer and one of the Aggreko's 20 mw turbine developed snags.

Songas last week received two gas turbines to replace its two defective ones and were being installed at its site in Ubungo. They are expected to be commissioned at the end of this month. The new electricity law prohibits the existing IPPs from operating for five years after expiry of their licence. Aggreko's licence will expire next month and therefore 40 mw would be off the national grid from that date.

 

[Selous]

Wanataka kuhalalisha umuhimu wa Richmond, Kiwira hapa taratibuu

 

[Mkandara]

Moelex23,
Karibu Bongo mkuu - Ndivyo tulivyo!
Hakuna la ajabu hapa kwani Tanzania ya leo chini ya watawala hawa, hakuna viongozi ambao wanaweka maslahi ya nchi mbele na utakuja sikia kwamba tunahitaji hizo generators haraka iwezekanavyo ndio sababu ya kupitisha hizo za Dowans...
Sasa swali la kujiuliza ikiwa serikali ina mpango wa kunua hizo za Dowans kulikuwa nahaja gani ya kuwaachisha kazi viongozi waliohusika na Richmond?..Huwezi kununua mali ambayo imekuja kwa mashaka makubwa na shirika tapeli...Ni sawa na mtu kununua gari lililoingizwa nchini kinyume cha sheria na mhusika hata kama gari hilo ni zuri kiasi gani maadam sheria zilipindwa, gari hilo gari hilo linakuwa halina thamani tena nchini..
Ni jambo la kusikitisha sana kwa viongozi wetu ambao tumekwisha sema sana kuhusiana na urahisi wa hizo generators toka mashirika yanayotengeneza kama vile General Electric GE, lakini hawa jamaa zetu ndio kwanza wamefumba macho....
Ten percent inazungumza!

 

[Jasusi]

Dowans=Rostum.
Rostum=Government

 

[August]

Kwa deal hili, hii inaonyesha basi kuna watu pia humo humo tanesco walikuwa what is richmoind to downs na sasa kununua hizo generator/turbines.
Dr Rashid Can U come clean on This Please.

 

[uporoto01]

This seems to be a well thought-out plan that is being implimented now.They had to show the need for the Dowans generators so they play around with the supply a few times and then take away the unused generators from Dowans.We must have been naive to think they would let Don R.Aziz apate hasara? WHAT were we thinking!

 

[Mpita Njia]

What a calculated move! sasa naanza kuona matatizo ya hivi karibuni ya kuharibika kwa mitambo ya wazalishaji umeme kama njama za kutaka kuhalalisha move hii. Wameshachelewa kwa sababu siku hizi watanzania si mabwege tena kama zamani, wajaribu njia nyingine, hii imeshashitukiwa

 

[wajinga]

I thought the generators belongs to the government since Dowans overpriced the whole deal and got paid too much. They era left at TANESCO yard because they own them since there is no more contract

 

[Haki.tupu]

Hawa Dowans lao moja na Songas nk! Ndio maana tunaambiwa turbines za songas zimekufa ili kulazimisha mitambo ya Dowans kununuliwa! Jamani kashfa juu ya kashfa! Ufisadi huu lakini unamwisho

 

[Kokolo]

Tunawalipa Songas $72,000,000.00 ( $72 million USD$) kila Mwaka kwa ajili ya capacity charge tu bila gharama ya Umeme. Kwa mtaji huo tungeweza kununua mitambo yetu mipya 2 kila mwaka ya 100mw each tukawa na 200MW kwa pesa hizo hizo za capacity charge tunazopoteza. kwa miaka 10 tungeweza kuwa na mitambo 20 ya kila 100 mw each kwa ujumla tungeweza kuwa na 2000mw na demand ya nchi nzima ni less than 800mw. Kweli ufisadi na maendeleo na kama usiku na mchana.

Tanesco wants Dowans’ turbines

CHARLES KIZIGHA
Daily News; Sunday,October 12, 2008 @20:10


Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited (Tanesco) has asked the government to procure idle gas turbines owned by Messrs Dowans, in the light of non-existence reserve power supply to cope with rising demand.

The required minimum emergency power reserve when plants develop hitches is between 15 and 20 per cent, which is 136 mw for the current demand of 680 mw. But the demand is expected to reach 780 mw early next year.

The state’s power utility firm last week wrote a letter to the ministry of energy and minerals, asking for permission to take part in the procurement process of the 35 mw gas turbine laying ‘idle’ at Ubungo in Dar es Salaam.

Tanesco which has expressed fear over load shedding caused by the absence of power reserve for emergency in the country, has also asked clearance from the same ministry to engage an expert to evaluate the almost new Messrs Dowans 35 mw gas turbine.

Dowans whose contract was cancelled last August, has two sets of gas turbine with total capacity of 100 mw. [COLOR="blue[/U][/COLOR]"]One of 65 mw said to be second hand and that of 35 mw is reported to be new which Tanesco’s board is in favour of.
The Tanesco management and its board are desperately looking for more sources of power from Independent Power Projects (IPPs) for reserve purpose, in case of unforeseen eventualities as is the case at present.

When contacted for comment as to whether the company was in the process of selling or leasing the generators, sources close to Dowans said: “the company is here to do business.“The contract has been terminated. Business has to go on. There are several business options to put the plant in use.

If Tanesco comes up with a good offer we will consider it.” Sources close to Tanesco explained that total maximum capacity of all hydro and thermal plants connected to the national grid is 837 mw, while the national current demand is 680 mw and by early next year it would reach 780 mw.

So, maximum production of 837 mw minus the current demand of 680 mw meaning a surplus of 157 mw and for next year it would be 57 mw. Since the current production fluctuates between 520 mw and 540 mw because of a number of reasons, there is a significant deficit hence Tanesco’s board and management look for extra IPPs.

Current deficit is caused by halting of two Songas’ gas turbines with combined capacity of 70 mw and low electricity production at hydro plants because of unpredictable rains. The following are the names of the plants plus current production with installed capacities in brackets: Kidatu 150 mw (200), Kihansi ranges between 80 and 34 mw (180), Mtera 70 mw (80), Pangani between 25 and 20 mw (68).

The others are Nyumba ya Mungu 3.5 mw (8), Hale 9 mw (21), Wartsiler 70 mw (100), Aggreko which winds up business next month, 40 mw (40), Songas 110mw (180). The Minister for Energy and Minerals, Mr William Ngeleja nor the ministry’s Permanent Secretary, Mr Arthur Mwakapugi, was available for comment.

Last month, the public experienced five days of load shedding when Songas halted three gas turbines, with a capacity of 106 mw for technical reasons. Another 60 mw deficit followed last week, when Tanesco’s current transformer and one of the Aggreko’s 20 mw turbine developed snags.

Songas last week received two gas turbines to replace its two defective ones and were being installed at its site in Ubungo. They are expected to be commissioned at the end of this month. The new electricity law prohibits the existing IPPs from operating for five years after expiry of their licence. Aggreko’s licence will expire next month and therefore 40 mw would be off the national grid from that date.

My queries to JF members!

Why Dowans' turbines are still at TANESCO's premises while the contract terminated in August 08?

How much do they pay to TANESCO for continuing keeping their turbines there?

After the termination of contract who is insuring the turbines? In case of accident who will be responsible? TANESCO or DOWANS? Under which contract?

Read this extract "When contacted for comment as to whether the company was in the process of selling or leasing the generators, sources close to Dowans said: “the company is here to do business.“The contract has been terminated. Business has to go on.

What do these two statement meant? If business continues is the contract terminated?

Let us face it, between TANESCO and DOWINS who is in strong position?

This article has left me with many questions than answers.

If they want to procure another turbines why only from DOWANS and not from other sources? Something fishy here.



Njimba

 

[Njimba Nsalilwe]

Tunawalipa Songas $72,000,000.00 ( $72 million USD$) kila Mwaka kwa ajili ya capacity charge tu bila gharama ya Umeme. Kwa mtaji huo tungeweza kununua mitambo yetu mipya 2 kila mwaka ya 100mw each tukawa na 200MW kwa pesa hizo hizo za capacity charge tunazopoteza. kwa miaka 10 tungeweza kuwa na mitambo 20 ya kila 100 mw each kwa ujumla tungeweza kuwa na 2000mw na demand ya nchi nzima ni less than 800mw. Kweli ufisadi na maendeleo na kama usiku na mchana.

Kokolo,

Hii ndio Tanzania yetu, watu wanafanya vitu bila hata huruma kwa nchi yao na vizazi vijavyo.

Mafisadi sehemu zoteeeeeeeeeeeeeeee! Nani atakae tuokoa jamani?

Njimba

 

[Masatu]

Hayo ma turbines hao Dowans hawana jinsi watawauzia Tanesco tu, its an opportunity waitumie...

 

[August]

Hayo ma turbines hao Dowans hawana jinsi watawauzia Tanesco tu, its an opportunity waitumie...

Nini energy policy ya tanzania? Kunua umeme wa mafungu? ku-develop hydro electric dams, kununa wa SADC, au wanyukilikia kama Msolla alivyosema juzi juzi, wa-jua, au wa upepo, kuna mwingine aliwahi kuongelea wa Mawimbi baharini etc etc . The Key question ni njia ipi iliyo nafuu na endelevu?
Je sisi ni punguani namna hiyo tusijue zuri nabaya?

 

[Pdidy]

Dr Rashid Can U come clean on This Please.
]
WEWEEEEE WWEEEEE NANI HUYU????????????HUJUI ALLIGAIANA NA CHENGE KWENYE MGAO SUBIRI!!!!KWANI HANA WATOTO MWIZI NA TAPELI WA KUTUPA SEMA NI SILENT KILLER!!!(KIFISADI KICHANGA)

 

[August]

Dalili ya mvua ni mawingu, yaani hawa jama baada ya kutuibia sana tu, kwenye huo mkataba, bado wanaona haitoshi, bali watu malize kabisa
soma hii article ya Nipashe 20/11/08article Send this article

Tanesco na Dowans

2008-11-20 10:25:06
Na Midraji Ibrahim


Kamati ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini, imeshtukia mchezo mchafu uliosukwa na Bodi iliyopita ya Wakurugenzi wa Shirika la Umeme Tanzania (Tanesco), wa kupitisha uamuzi wa ununuzi wa mitambo ya kuzalisha umeme ya Dowans.

Kulingana na chanzo chetu cha habari, Bodi hiyo iliyokuwa ikiongozwa na Balozi Fulgence Kazaura, Iliridhia Tanesco kununua mitambo ya Dowans.

Chanzo hicho kilisema hatua hiyo ilifikiwa na bodi kwa kigezo kimoja cha kwamba, mitambo hiyo ni mipya ilhali imefanyakazi kwa zaidi ya mwaka mmoja tangu kuingizwa nchini.

Kutokana na hatua hiyo, Kamati ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini katika wiki ya mwisho wa mkutano wa Bunge wa 13 mjini Dodoma, ilimwita Waziri wa Nishati na Madini, William Ngeleja, na kumuonya dhidi ya uamuzi huo.

``Tulimuonya kuwa kuchukua uamuzi huo ni ukiukaji na dharau dhidi ya agizo la Bunge...ni mwendelezo wa maslahi binafsi ya watendaji waandamizi wa Tanesco kwenye Dowans, kilisema chanzo chetu na kuongeza:

``Hata Kamati Teule ya Bunge ya Kuchunguza Mchakato wa Ushindi wa Zabuni ya Kuzalisha Umeme wa Dharura iliyotolewa kwa Richmond, iliyoongozwa na Dk Harrison Mwakyembe ilibainisha haya.

Katika taarifa ya Kamati ya Mwakyembe, inaonyesha kuna baadhi ya watendaji waandamizi wa Tanesco walishinikiza ushindi wa zabuni hiyo na baadaye kuacha kazi na kujiunga na Kampuni ya Richmond Development na sasa Dowans.

Taarifa kutoka ndani ya kikao cha kamati na Waziri Ngeleja zinaeleza kuwa, mbunge mmoja (jina tunalo), alifikia hatua ya kumweleza iwapo uamuzi huo utachukuliwa itakuwa imethibitisha hisia zilizoko mitaani kuwa mtandao wa kampuni moja (jina tunalo) kuchota fedha za serikali unakamilika.

``Hatua hiyo itathibitisha hisia zilizoko mitaani kuwa mtandao wa kuchota fedha za serikali unakamilika,``chanzo chetu kilimkariri mbunge huyo.

Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Nishati na Madini, William Shelukindo, alithibitisha kumwita Ngeleja na kwamba, kilichosalia ni kusikiliza uamuzi utakaochukuliwa na serikali.

Tayari, Kampuni ya Dowans Holding imetangaza zabuni ya kuuza mitambo hiyo, ambayo katika hitilafu iliyotokea hivi karibuni kwenye mitambo ya Songasi, Naibu Waziri wa Nishati na Madini, Adam Malima, alisema kama hali ingeendelea kuwa mbaya walikuwa wakipanga hata kununua mitambo hiyo.

Kashfa ya Richmond sasa Dowans, ilisababisha Waziri Mkuu, Edward Lowassa, Waziri wa Ushirikiano wa Afrika Mashariki, Dk Ibrahim Msabaha na Waziri wa Nishati na Madini, Nazir Karamagi, kulazimishwa kujiuzulu nyadhifa zao.

Hata hivyo, miongoni mwa baadhi ya mapendekezo ambayo hayajatekelezwa ni kumuwajibisha Mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Kuzuia na Kupambana na Rushwa (Takukuru), Dk Edward Hosea, Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali (AG), Johnson Mwanyika, Katibu Mkuu Wizara ya Nishati na Madini, Arthur Mwakapugi na Kamishna wa Nishati, Bashir Mrindoko.

Jitihada za kumpata Waziri Ngeleja na Dk Rashid kutoa ufafanuzi wa suala hilo hazikufanikiwa kwani simu zao zilikuwa hazipatikani zikiashiria ama zimezimwa au ziko nje ya mtandao.

SOURCE: Nipashe

 

[August]

Sasa sijui kwanini Huyo Kazaura na Waziri husika wasishtakiwe kwa uchochezi, maana watu wanamaumivu ya Rich-Monduli, etc, unataka kutajirikia kupitia kwao tena. Hii ndio Tanzania inayo elekea kwenye nchi yenye asali na Maisha Bora kwa Kila Mtu

 

[Ibrah]

Dowans wanarudishwa kwa mlango wa nyuma. Hapo inabidi kina Mwakyembe wajipange upya, kama Dowans hairudi basi hiyo pia watayotuchapa itakuwa kubwa kuliko hata gharama waliyoingia wao Dowans kununua na kuisimamisha hiyo mitambo nchini. kWA UFISADI HUU, YANGU MACHO!

 

[August]

Kama JMK yupo serious na kupigana na ufisadi kwanini issue hii inajirudia rudia? na Pili wanasema Bora kuzui than kutibu. Tatu hilo ni shirika la Umma kwanini mambo yake yawe ni Internal

Tanesco: `Talks` with Dowans internal affair

2008-12-15 11:46:50
By Angel Navuri


The anticipated transactions between the government and the private power generation company Dowans for the acquisition of the latter`s gas turbines are an internal affair, according to the Tanzania Electric Supply Company (Tanesco).

Tanesco Communications Manager Badra Masoud said in an exclusive interview with this paper at the weekend that the matter was still at the level of internal communication and details could not be made public yet.

``This is not the right moment to announce agreements reached so far, so just be patient and give time to the government to complete the negotiations,`` she pleaded.

When contacted for clarification on the secrecy in the matter, Energy and Minerals minister William Ngeleja said briefly that the national power utility firm (Tanesco) had all the information regarding the plan.

In September this year the government expressed interest in purchasing Dowans` turbines but it did not rule out the possibility of entering into another contract with the controversial Dar es Salaam-based power plant in the wake of the latest national energy crisis.

�Purchase or no purchase depends on various factors such as price, purchasing process and need.

We`re examining all options,`` noted Tanesco managing director Idris Rashidi in an interview earlier this year.

Tanesco`s statement was part of a clarification outlining intentions by the government to hire or make an outright purchase of the turbines from Dowans after the malfunctioning of gas-powered turbines operated by Songas knocked off 110 MW from the national power grid.

Dowans, of the United Arab Emirates, was discreetly drafted in to save the situation after Richmond Development Company Limited had failed to meet the deadline set to supply power.

The development touched off intense scrutiny over RDC\'s credibility and its ability to deliver on the sensitive project at a time of great need.

Dowans finally yielded the 100mw but at a time when heavy rains had resuscitated the hydro-power stations for Tanesco to supply enough of its own energy.

The government then directed Tanesco to terminate the previous contract for the 100 MW emergency power supply by Dowans, which inherited the deal signed by the controversial RDC.

The equally controversial contract between Tanesco and Dowans was terminated with effect from August 1, this year, after much legal wrangling.

The public power utility has an installed capacity of 1,212 MW, of which 562 MW is from hydro dams. Projections indicate that annual demand will rise to more than 1,100 MW by 2010.

Tanzania experienced massive power cuts in 2006 after prolonged drought caused a drastic decline in water levels at power production dams, necessitating the signing of the power purchase agreements with Richmond and subsequently Dowans.

The controversial transactions resulted in a scandalous implication and the resignation of immediate former Prime Minister Edward Lowassa and two senior cabinet ministers - Nazir Karamagi and Dr Ibrahim Msabaha.

SOURCE: Guardian