Zakaria Maseke
Member
- Apr 26, 2022
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How to enforce foreign judgements in Tanzania (jinsi ya kutekeleza hukumu ya nje ya nchi hapa Tanzania).
Kupitia makala hii utajifunza mambo yafuatayo:
1: Whether a foreign judgement can be enforced or executed in Tanzania (ikiwa inawezekana kutekeleza hukumu ya kigeni nchini Tanzania).
2: Maana ya hukumu ya kigeni (meaning of a foreign judgement).
3: Vigezo na Masharti ili hukumu ya kigeni iweze kutambulika na kutekelezwa Nchini Tanzania (conditions for enforcement).
4: Hatua za kufata (procedures) na documents.
Imeandaliwa na kuletwa kwako nami (prepared by) Zakaria Maseke - Advocate /Wakili
zakariamaseke@gmail.com
(0754575246)
(0746575259 - WhatsApp).
NOTE: Natumia kiingereza kwa mbali ili ikitokea hata anayesoma hii makala sio Mtanzania au hajui kiswahili, basi ajue tunaongelea nini, kuliko nikitumia Kiswahili tupu wakati mada yenyewe ni foreign judgement. (I'm using code mixing, both Swahili and English, to help even a foreigner (if any) to understand what I'm talking about). In case you miss some point(s) ask for clarification.
Tuanze na maana ya hukumu ya kigeni (Meaning of foreign judgement).
Hukumu ya kigeni (foreign judgement) kwa kifupi ni hukumu ambayo umeshinda kwenye Mahakama ya nje ya nchi. (Sasa utafanyaje kama unataka kuitekeleza hiyo hukumu kwenye nchi nyingine)?
Mfano kesi ilifanyika Kenya, ila mali za mdaiwa zipo nchi nyingine au mdaiwa anaishi na kufanya biashara nchi nyingine n.k., ukitaka uende hiyo nchi nyingine kukazia (kutekeleza) hukumu utafanyaje?
Kila nchi ina utaratibu wake. Kwa Tanzania, kama kesi yenu ilisikilizwa nje ya nchi na uamuzi ukatoka umeshinda kesi, mfano unatakiwa ulipwe, ukitaka kuitekeleza hiyo hukumu hapa Tanzania lazima ufate masharti ya kwenye sheria husika inaitwa the ‘Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act,’ [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019] na Rules zake.
Vigezo na masharti ili hukumu iliyotolewa na Mahakama ya nje ya nchi iweze kutekelezwa hapa Tanzania (conditions to enforce foreign judgement in Tanzania).
(i) Kwanza, lazima kuwepo na Reciprocal arrangements kati ya hiyo nchi na Tanzania. (Makubaliano ya kutambua na kutekeleza hukumu ya mwenzio).
(ii) Pili, Hukumu yenyewe iwe ilitolewa na Mahakama yenye mamlaka kisheria. (the original court must have had jurisdiction). Section 6(1)(a)(ii) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act,’ [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019]
(iii) Pili, uamuzi uwe umefika tamati (the decision must be final and conclusive). Section 3(2) of the same law.
(iv) Tatu, hiyo hukumu isiwe kinyume na desturi, maadili na sheria za Tanzania (should not be contrary to public policy, laws and morality of Tanzania). Section 6(1)(a)(i) and (v) ya sheria hiyo hiyo.
(v) Usiwe umeshinda kesi kwa ulaghai (should not have been obtained by fraud). Section 6(1)(a)(iv).
(vi) Isiwe Res Judicata (kesi ambayo ni marudio ilishawahi kusikilizwa na hukumu ikatoka). Section 6(1)(b).
(vii) Kusiwepo na viashiria kwamba mdaiwa hakupata haki ya kusikilizwa (judgement debtor should have been accorded right to be heard in the original country). Section 6(1)(a)(iii).
(viii) Iwe haihusiani na madai ya tozo kama kodi au faini, penalty n.k. Section 3(2)(b).
(ix) Usiwe umeshalipwa kila kitu huko nje (it has not been wholly satisfied). Section 4(1)(a).
(x) Ina uwezekano wa kutekelezwa kwenye nchi ilipotoka (it could be enforced by execution in the country of original court). Section 4(1)(b).
(xi) Hukumu ya kigeni inatakiwa kusajiliwa Mahakama Kuu (foreign judgement must be registered in the High Court of Tanzania).
UTARATIBU (PROCEDURES) NA DOCUMENTS.
1. Judgement creditor (yule aliyeshinda kesi huko nje ya nchi) anatakiwa kufungua Mahakama Kuu Maombi ya kusajili ile hukumu iliyotolewa nje ya Nchi. Maombi yafanyike ndani ya miaka sita (6) tangu siku ya hukumu
(First, stage to enforce foreign judgement in Tanzania, you must apply for registration of a foreign judgement). As per section 4(1) of the “Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act, [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019].
Nanukuu, section 4(1), it reads: “A person, being a judgement creditor under a judgement to which this Part applies, may ‘APPLY to the HIGH COURT’ at any time ‘WITHIN SIX YEARS’ after the date of the judgement or, where there have been proceedings by way of appeal against the judgement, within six years after the date of the last judgement given in those proceedings, to have the judgement ‘REGISTERED’ in the High Court, and on any such application the court shall, subject to proof of the prescribed matters and to the other provisions of this Act, order the judgement to be registered.”
Kwenye maombi yako, unatakiwa pia kuambatanisha nakala ya hukumu husika ikiwa imetafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza (kama hiyo hukumu unayoomba kusajili iko katika lugha nyingine tofauti na Kiingereza).
EFFECTS OF REGISTRATION:
Hukumu ya kigeni ikishakuwa registered (ikisajiliwa) inakuwa na nguvu kisheria kama hukumu zingine za hapa Tanzania na unaweza kwenda Mahakamani kukazia hukumu (kudai ulipwe) kwa kutumia utaratibu wa kawaida kisheria. Section 4(2)(a).
-------MWISHO------
Imeandaliwa na kuletwa kwako nami Zakaria Maseke - Advocate Candidate
zakariamaseke@gmail.com
(0754575246)
(0746575259 - WhatsApp).
Disclaimer: Lengo la hii makala ni kutoa elimu kwa jamii. Huu sio ushauri wa kisheria kwa mtu yeyote (this is not a legal advice). Ikiwa utaamua kufungua kesi kwa kufata haya maelezo bila ridhaa yangu na ukapata hasara, mwandishi wa maelezo haya hatawajibika kwa vyovyote vile. (Should anyone rely on this information without my consent, I will not be liable for any loss resulting therefrom).
Kama unahitaji ushauri wa kisheria wasiliana na Mawakili Wasomi (If you need legal advice, Consult learned lawyers/Advocates).
Kupitia makala hii utajifunza mambo yafuatayo:
1: Whether a foreign judgement can be enforced or executed in Tanzania (ikiwa inawezekana kutekeleza hukumu ya kigeni nchini Tanzania).
2: Maana ya hukumu ya kigeni (meaning of a foreign judgement).
3: Vigezo na Masharti ili hukumu ya kigeni iweze kutambulika na kutekelezwa Nchini Tanzania (conditions for enforcement).
4: Hatua za kufata (procedures) na documents.
Imeandaliwa na kuletwa kwako nami (prepared by) Zakaria Maseke - Advocate /Wakili
zakariamaseke@gmail.com
(0754575246)
(0746575259 - WhatsApp).
NOTE: Natumia kiingereza kwa mbali ili ikitokea hata anayesoma hii makala sio Mtanzania au hajui kiswahili, basi ajue tunaongelea nini, kuliko nikitumia Kiswahili tupu wakati mada yenyewe ni foreign judgement. (I'm using code mixing, both Swahili and English, to help even a foreigner (if any) to understand what I'm talking about). In case you miss some point(s) ask for clarification.
Tuanze na maana ya hukumu ya kigeni (Meaning of foreign judgement).
Hukumu ya kigeni (foreign judgement) kwa kifupi ni hukumu ambayo umeshinda kwenye Mahakama ya nje ya nchi. (Sasa utafanyaje kama unataka kuitekeleza hiyo hukumu kwenye nchi nyingine)?
Mfano kesi ilifanyika Kenya, ila mali za mdaiwa zipo nchi nyingine au mdaiwa anaishi na kufanya biashara nchi nyingine n.k., ukitaka uende hiyo nchi nyingine kukazia (kutekeleza) hukumu utafanyaje?
Kila nchi ina utaratibu wake. Kwa Tanzania, kama kesi yenu ilisikilizwa nje ya nchi na uamuzi ukatoka umeshinda kesi, mfano unatakiwa ulipwe, ukitaka kuitekeleza hiyo hukumu hapa Tanzania lazima ufate masharti ya kwenye sheria husika inaitwa the ‘Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act,’ [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019] na Rules zake.
Vigezo na masharti ili hukumu iliyotolewa na Mahakama ya nje ya nchi iweze kutekelezwa hapa Tanzania (conditions to enforce foreign judgement in Tanzania).
(i) Kwanza, lazima kuwepo na Reciprocal arrangements kati ya hiyo nchi na Tanzania. (Makubaliano ya kutambua na kutekeleza hukumu ya mwenzio).
(ii) Pili, Hukumu yenyewe iwe ilitolewa na Mahakama yenye mamlaka kisheria. (the original court must have had jurisdiction). Section 6(1)(a)(ii) of the Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act,’ [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019]
(iii) Pili, uamuzi uwe umefika tamati (the decision must be final and conclusive). Section 3(2) of the same law.
(iv) Tatu, hiyo hukumu isiwe kinyume na desturi, maadili na sheria za Tanzania (should not be contrary to public policy, laws and morality of Tanzania). Section 6(1)(a)(i) and (v) ya sheria hiyo hiyo.
(v) Usiwe umeshinda kesi kwa ulaghai (should not have been obtained by fraud). Section 6(1)(a)(iv).
(vi) Isiwe Res Judicata (kesi ambayo ni marudio ilishawahi kusikilizwa na hukumu ikatoka). Section 6(1)(b).
(vii) Kusiwepo na viashiria kwamba mdaiwa hakupata haki ya kusikilizwa (judgement debtor should have been accorded right to be heard in the original country). Section 6(1)(a)(iii).
(viii) Iwe haihusiani na madai ya tozo kama kodi au faini, penalty n.k. Section 3(2)(b).
(ix) Usiwe umeshalipwa kila kitu huko nje (it has not been wholly satisfied). Section 4(1)(a).
(x) Ina uwezekano wa kutekelezwa kwenye nchi ilipotoka (it could be enforced by execution in the country of original court). Section 4(1)(b).
(xi) Hukumu ya kigeni inatakiwa kusajiliwa Mahakama Kuu (foreign judgement must be registered in the High Court of Tanzania).
UTARATIBU (PROCEDURES) NA DOCUMENTS.
1. Judgement creditor (yule aliyeshinda kesi huko nje ya nchi) anatakiwa kufungua Mahakama Kuu Maombi ya kusajili ile hukumu iliyotolewa nje ya Nchi. Maombi yafanyike ndani ya miaka sita (6) tangu siku ya hukumu
(First, stage to enforce foreign judgement in Tanzania, you must apply for registration of a foreign judgement). As per section 4(1) of the “Reciprocal Enforcement of Foreign Judgements Act, [CAP. 8 R.E. 2019].
Nanukuu, section 4(1), it reads: “A person, being a judgement creditor under a judgement to which this Part applies, may ‘APPLY to the HIGH COURT’ at any time ‘WITHIN SIX YEARS’ after the date of the judgement or, where there have been proceedings by way of appeal against the judgement, within six years after the date of the last judgement given in those proceedings, to have the judgement ‘REGISTERED’ in the High Court, and on any such application the court shall, subject to proof of the prescribed matters and to the other provisions of this Act, order the judgement to be registered.”
Kwenye maombi yako, unatakiwa pia kuambatanisha nakala ya hukumu husika ikiwa imetafsiriwa kwa Kiingereza (kama hiyo hukumu unayoomba kusajili iko katika lugha nyingine tofauti na Kiingereza).
EFFECTS OF REGISTRATION:
Hukumu ya kigeni ikishakuwa registered (ikisajiliwa) inakuwa na nguvu kisheria kama hukumu zingine za hapa Tanzania na unaweza kwenda Mahakamani kukazia hukumu (kudai ulipwe) kwa kutumia utaratibu wa kawaida kisheria. Section 4(2)(a).
-------MWISHO------
Imeandaliwa na kuletwa kwako nami Zakaria Maseke - Advocate Candidate
zakariamaseke@gmail.com
(0754575246)
(0746575259 - WhatsApp).
Disclaimer: Lengo la hii makala ni kutoa elimu kwa jamii. Huu sio ushauri wa kisheria kwa mtu yeyote (this is not a legal advice). Ikiwa utaamua kufungua kesi kwa kufata haya maelezo bila ridhaa yangu na ukapata hasara, mwandishi wa maelezo haya hatawajibika kwa vyovyote vile. (Should anyone rely on this information without my consent, I will not be liable for any loss resulting therefrom).
Kama unahitaji ushauri wa kisheria wasiliana na Mawakili Wasomi (If you need legal advice, Consult learned lawyers/Advocates).
