Miss Zomboko
JF-Expert Member
- May 18, 2014
- 4,502
- 9,280
Huduma za Kijamii zimefungamanishwa na Haki Msingi za Binadamu kwa mujibu wa Kifungu cha 21(2) cha Azimio la Kimataifa la Haki Za Binadamu kinachosema 'Kila Mtu ana Haki ya kupata Huduma za Kijamii katika Nchi yake'
Aina fulani za Rushwa katika utoaji wa Huduma za Kijamii (kama kuleta Siasa, Upendeleo, Hongo) hudhoofisha Haki ya Binadamu ya kupata Huduma sawa za Kijamii, na kuzidisha ukosefu wa Usawa unaoathiri zaidi makundi fulani ya Watu
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Public service delivery broadly refers to services provided by governments (local, municipal or national) to their citizens. As such, it encompasses the provision of a wide range of services such as healthcare, education, water and sanitation, identification documents (such as voter registries and passports), telecommunications, licences, and many other services that governments or entrusted private entities, like civil society organisations (CSOs), or companies undertake for the benefit of citizens.
Many of these services are tied to the realisation of fundamental human rights. Article 21(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, “Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country”, while Article 25(1) emphasises that, “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control”.
Certain forms of corruption in service delivery (such as clientelism, patronage, bribery) undermine the human right of equal access to public services, and exacerbate fundamental inequalities that violate citizens access, affecting the most marginalised and underrepresented segments of the population the most.
Moreover, rampant corruption can lead to breakdowns in the service delivery chain, rendering the state apparatus incapable of meeting its obligations to safeguard its citizens, with catastrophic consequences such as famine and lack of basic medical supplies. Inability or unwillingness to curb corruption can therefore be seen as a failure by states to adequately provide for human rights – civil, political, economic, social and cultural, as well as the right to development – by depriving citizens access to public services.
This creates a greater divide and inequality in society as the wealthy can afford private services. There is, therefore, a compelling argument to consider the fight against corruption in service delivery as an integral part of the human rights-based approach to development.
Corruption at the point of service often takes the form of bribery and extortion by low- and mid-level public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens. This form of extortive or coercive bribery is referred to as petty corruption, where citizens are expected to pay bribes to private or public actors to access basic goods and services to which they are already entitled.
Recipients can be either compelled to pay bribes to receive a service, or can offer bribes in exchange for a better service or access to a service to which they are not entitled. This form of corruption is especially damaging where service providers enjoy a monopoly or when service recipients do not have the resources or ability to switch to another service provider.
It can also raise the cost of service provision and decrease the service provider’s profit and sustainability when service users pay bribes to receive a higher quality service or the same service at a lower price. Overpricing of services and inputs is another common form of corruption in service delivery.
Private and public service providers may charge more than market prices or what was stipulated in contractual agreements for services or inputs, resorting to fraudulent or faulty documentation, diagnostics or quality assessments to cover such practices.
Aina fulani za Rushwa katika utoaji wa Huduma za Kijamii (kama kuleta Siasa, Upendeleo, Hongo) hudhoofisha Haki ya Binadamu ya kupata Huduma sawa za Kijamii, na kuzidisha ukosefu wa Usawa unaoathiri zaidi makundi fulani ya Watu
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Public service delivery broadly refers to services provided by governments (local, municipal or national) to their citizens. As such, it encompasses the provision of a wide range of services such as healthcare, education, water and sanitation, identification documents (such as voter registries and passports), telecommunications, licences, and many other services that governments or entrusted private entities, like civil society organisations (CSOs), or companies undertake for the benefit of citizens.
Many of these services are tied to the realisation of fundamental human rights. Article 21(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, “Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country”, while Article 25(1) emphasises that, “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control”.
Certain forms of corruption in service delivery (such as clientelism, patronage, bribery) undermine the human right of equal access to public services, and exacerbate fundamental inequalities that violate citizens access, affecting the most marginalised and underrepresented segments of the population the most.
Moreover, rampant corruption can lead to breakdowns in the service delivery chain, rendering the state apparatus incapable of meeting its obligations to safeguard its citizens, with catastrophic consequences such as famine and lack of basic medical supplies. Inability or unwillingness to curb corruption can therefore be seen as a failure by states to adequately provide for human rights – civil, political, economic, social and cultural, as well as the right to development – by depriving citizens access to public services.
This creates a greater divide and inequality in society as the wealthy can afford private services. There is, therefore, a compelling argument to consider the fight against corruption in service delivery as an integral part of the human rights-based approach to development.
Corruption at the point of service often takes the form of bribery and extortion by low- and mid-level public officials in their interactions with ordinary citizens. This form of extortive or coercive bribery is referred to as petty corruption, where citizens are expected to pay bribes to private or public actors to access basic goods and services to which they are already entitled.
Recipients can be either compelled to pay bribes to receive a service, or can offer bribes in exchange for a better service or access to a service to which they are not entitled. This form of corruption is especially damaging where service providers enjoy a monopoly or when service recipients do not have the resources or ability to switch to another service provider.
It can also raise the cost of service provision and decrease the service provider’s profit and sustainability when service users pay bribes to receive a higher quality service or the same service at a lower price. Overpricing of services and inputs is another common form of corruption in service delivery.
Private and public service providers may charge more than market prices or what was stipulated in contractual agreements for services or inputs, resorting to fraudulent or faulty documentation, diagnostics or quality assessments to cover such practices.
