Vita ya biashara iliyoanzishwa na Marekani haikuweza kurudisha nyumbani kampuni zake kutoka China

[ldleo]

Waziri wa biashara wa Marekani Gina Raimondo ameviambia vyombo vya habari vya nchi hiyo kuwa nchi hiyo inapaswa kushirikiana na washirika wake wa Ulaya ili kuzuia China kupata teknolojia ya hali ya juu na kupunguza kasi ya maendeleo ya uvumbuzi ya China. Pia ametaja kuwa kanuni za sekta ya teknolojia duniani zinapaswa kutungwa na Marekani na Ulaya kwa pamoja ili kushindana na China.

Kauli yake hii wazi ya “kuikandamiza China” imewakumbusha watu kuhusu walichosema rais wa Marekani aliyepita Donald Trump na waziri wake wa mambo ya nje Mike Pompeo walipoanzisha “vita ya biashara” dhidi ya China. Hata hivyo kama Marekani inapanga kuanza “vita” nyingine kuhusu teknolojia na uvumbuzi dhidi ya China, hakika itakuwa kama hali ya “vita ya biashara” iliyoanza miaka michache iliyopita, na Marekani itajiumiza yenyewe.

Makala iliyochapishwa hivi karibuni kwenye gazeti la The Washington Post la Marekani imenukuu ripoti ya utafiti iliyotolewa na watafiti Samatha Vortherms na Jiakun Jack Zhang kuwa katikati ya mwaka 2018, ili kuzirudisha nyumbani kampuni za Marekani, serikali iliyoongozwa na Trump ilitoa amri ya kuongeza ushuru kwa bidhaa zilizozalishwa nchini China. Lakini matokeo yameonesha kuwa sera hiyo sio tu imeumiza uchumi wa Marekani, na pia haikuweza kuilazimisha China ibadilishe sera yake ya uchumi.

Watafiti wamegundua kuwa ingawa hatua za ushuru za “nipe nikupe” na ushindani mkali zimeongezeka kati ya China na Marekani, kampuni za nchi hizi bado zimedumisha ushirikiano wa kina. Mwaka jana, uwekezaji wa kigeni ulioingia nchini China uliweka rekodi mpya na kufikia dola za kimarekani bilioni 144.4. Waziri wa fedha wa Marekani Janet Yellen naye pia alisema, kihalisia wahanga wa hatua ya ushuru ya Marekani ni wanunuzi wa nchi hiyo.

Hata hivyo, serikali ya Marekani inayoongozwa na Joe Biden inapanga kuendelea na sera kama hiyo kwa China, na kusambaza “vita” kwenye sekta za biashara na teknolojia kwa pamoja. Katika miaka 10 ya mwanzo ya karne ya 21, serikali ya Marekani na kampuni kubwa za teknolojia za nchi hiyo zilipuuza kampuni za teknolojia za China, na kuona kwa mazoea kuwa teknolojia zao zitaendelea kuwa bora zaidi katika miaka kadhaa na hata miongo kadhaa iliyofuata. Lakini sasa teknolojia bora walizo nazo kampuni za nchi za magharibi zinapungua, hali ambayo imedokezwa na hatua zinazochukuliwa na serikali ya Marekani katika kupunguza ushawishi wa kampuni za China.

Katika macho ya watu wengi, nchi za magharibi zitakuwa na nguvu kubwa ya muda mrefu katika semiconductor, roboti na teknolojia nyingine nyingi za hali ya juu. Lakini halisi ni kuwa sasa China iko mbele katika teknolojia mbalimbali za hali ya juu. Aliyekuwa mkuu wa utafiti wa hisa wa benki ya HSBC kanda ya Asia na Pasifiki William Bratton, hivi karibuni aliandika makala kwenye jarida la Nikkei Asian Review la Japan, akitoa mfano wa sekta ya benki na kusema, benki za nchi za magharibi zimeshindwa kupata mafanikio nchini China, kwani ziko nyumba sana kiteknolojia kuliko benki za China. Siku hizi, katika sekta kama akili bandia, magari yanayotumia umeme, biashara ya mtandao n.k, China inaweza kupimana nguvu na nchi za magharibi, na hata kuzishinda.

Pengine mpango wa Marekani wa kushirikisha washirika wa Ulaya kuiwekea China vikwazo vya kiteknolojia unaweza kupunguza kasi ya maendeleo ya teknolojia ya China, lakini kama kuna anayeona hatua hizi zinaweza kuondoa kabisa hamu na uwezo wa China katika uvumbuzi, basi hatimaye atathibitishwa kuwa amekosea.

Kwanza China ina mlolongo kamili wa uzalishaji ndani ya nchi ambao unaweza kuunga mkono utekelezaji wa dhamira yake ya muda mrefu. Kwa mujibu wa Shirika la Hakimiliki za Ubunifu Duniani WIPO, mwaka 2020, China iliwasilisha maombi ya hataza 68,720, idadi ambayo iliongezeka kwa asilimia 16 kuliko mwaka 2019. Marekani iliyoshika nafasi ya pili iliwasilisha maombi ya hataza 59,230, ikiwa ni ongezeko la asilimia 3. Na kampuni ya teknolojia ya China Huawei inayochukuliwa kama ni adui namba moja ya Marekani iliwasilisha hataza 5,464 na kuongoza duniani kwa miaka minne mfululizo.

Pili, kwa mujibu wa takwimu rasmi ya China, mwaka 2020 China ilitenga Yuan trilioni 2.4, sawa na dola za kimarekani bilioni 375 kwenye mambo ya utafiti na maendeleo R&D, kiasi ambacho kimechukua asilimia 2.4 ya pato la taifa la mwaka huo, na kukizidi kile cha Marekani kuwa namba moja duniani. China inaweza kutoa teknolojia na huduma za kisasa kwa nchi nyingi na kuongeza fursa za ushirikiano. Kwa hiyo ikizingatiwa faida za kiuchumi, ni vigumu kwa nchi na kampuni za nchi nyingine “kutoichagua China”.

Ndiyo maana, sio tu “vita ya biashara” bali pia “vita ya uvumbuzi”, pengine hatua za Marekani za kuipa changamoto China zinaweza kuleta athari mbaya ya muda mfupi, lakini kwa muda mrefu, “juhudi” kama hii itakuwa bure, na pia itasaidia China iinuke kwa haraka zaidi. Cha muhimu zaidi ni kuwa Marekani kuchukulia China kama “adui wa kufikirika” haiwezi kuongeza ushindani wake. China imesisitiza kuwa inapenda kufanya mawasiliano na ushirikiano na Marekani, lakini pia imejiandaa vya kutosha na uwezekano wa kutokea kwa hali mbaya zaidi.

 

[BAK]

MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES MOVING OUT OF CHINA​

ANDREW HOLBROOKE/Corbis via Getty Images​

Famous firms pulling out of the People's Republic​

As the US-China trade war rumbles on and relations between other liberal democracies and Beijing deteriorate due to everything from intellectual property (IP) theft to human rights violations in Xinjiang and the eroding away of Hong Kong's autonomy, many globally-renowned companies are deserting China.

In fact, research firm Gartner revealed last year that a third of supply chain leaders had plans to move at least some of their manufacturing out of China before 2023. Coronavirus-related sales slumps and supply chain disruption, as well as rising production costs, have also hastened the exodus. Read on to discover which world-famous firms are partially or completely pulling out of the People's Republic. All dollar amounts in US dollars.

Sorbis/Shutterstock​

Nike​

A study by the UBS Evidence Lab found that a staggering 76% of US companies with factories in China were in the process of or considering moving operations to other countries in 2020. They include sportswear colossus Nike. The firm's suppliers have been relocating production facilities to southeast Asia and Africa for some time now, and the company reviewed its supply chains in Xinjiang too following stories of the mistreatment of Muslim Uyghurs in the region.

Swathes of Chinese people then boycotted international brands such as Nike who chose to speak out against what was happening in Xinjiang. Sales were down by 59% in April compared to the previous year as shoppers turned to domestic companies instead, according to Morningstar Inc.

Anthony Dixon/AFP/Getty​

Apple​

Though the bulk of Apple's manufacturing will remain in China, the tech giant has been encouraging its suppliers, which include Taiwanese firm Foxconn plus Delta Electronics and Pegatron, to move up to 30% of iPhone production from China. Foxconn, for instance, is investing up to $1 billion (£762m) to expand a plant in India, while other contract manufacturers are setting up in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. Apple is also planning to have 30% of its classic AirPods produced in Vietnam instead of China, while a “significant number” of iPads were set to be produced in Vietnam as of mid-2021, according to Nikkei. That said, Vietnam has been hit particularly badly by the Delta variant of coronavirus, which has caused delays to Apple’s transition into the country.

Chintung Lee/Shutterstock​

Samsung Electronics​

American companies aren't the only ones beating a retreat from China. South Korea's Samsung Electronics shut its remaining smartphone factory in the country in 2019, reportedly turning the city in which it was based into a ghost town. Further closures were announced last year, with Samsung ceasing production at its last PC plant in China in August, instead moving operations to Vietnam, and the company also shuttered its only TV factory in the country last November.

Photosite/Shutterstock​

LG Electronics​

Fellow South Korean firm LG Electronics has followed in the footsteps of Samsung and relocated the manufacturing of some of its products from China. In an effort to avert hefty US tariffs, the company shifted all production of refrigerators bound for the American market from China's Zhejiang province to South Korea.

Alex Grimm/Getty​

Adidas​

Almost a quarter of German companies operating in China were planning to relocate production from the country in 2019, according to a report by the German Chamber of Commerce in China. For example, Adidas has halved its Chinese manufacturing since 2010, with much of the production moving to Vietnam, and pledged in July last year to cut all ties with suppliers implicated in a report that uncovered forced labour being used in some factories.

Like Apple, Adidas also felt the impacts of Vietnam’s rising COVID-19 infection rate, which has stalled production since mid-July and is expected to cause losses of up to $600 million (£431m) during the latter half of 2021. Adidas also saw its sales plummet on Chinese ecommerce giant Alibaba after the company took a stand against the treatment of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region. In April, sales dropped 78% compared to the same period in 2020, according to Morningstar Inc.

2p2play/Shutterstock​

Puma​

Adidas' German arch-rival Puma is shifting production away from China as well. The company, which makes more than a quarter of its products in the People's Republic, is keen to diversify its manufacturing base and supply chains, not to mention avoid US tariffs by producing more of its running shoes, sportswear and other products in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia and Vietnam. The brand faced online attacks in March following statements it made about the treatment of Uyghur Muslims in China, which prompted uncertainty about the company’s future sales in the country. Sales did slow after a strong first quarter, and Puma CEO Bjorn Gulden said: “There is less activity in the Western brand stores [in China] than there would have been if tension wasn’t there”.

ymphotos/Shutterstock​

Zoom​

US teleconferencing platform Zoom has skyrocketed in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic, but while the firm behind the app is going from strength to strength, opening new data and R&D centres in India and the US, it announced it was stopping direct sales to customers in mainland China in August last year. Its video conferencing services are still available via third-party partners.

Tomohiro Ohsumi/Getty​

Sharp​

In a bid to reduce the country's reliance on China, the Japanese government set aside 243.5 billion yen ($2.2bn/£1.7bn) in April last year in order to incentivise domestic companies to pivot production away from the People's Republic and into Japan and southeast Asia. Among the 87 firms that benefitted from state subsidies is world-renowned consumer electronics company Sharp, which is majority-owned by Taiwan's Foxconn.

 

[Satoh Hirosh]

Ni ukweli usiopingika China wako juu kiteknolojia na wamejidhatiti kuzidi kuishangaza dunia Kwa uvumbuzi mpya wa kiteknolojia kila kukicha

Huwa naangalia ZBC kipindi cha AMAZING CHINA,jamaa wamejipanga kisawasawa kiteknolojia na kiuchumi.Nikitoka kuangalia hiki kipindi kisha nikaanza kuvinjari viunga vya jiji la Dar es salaam nadiriki Kusema Dar ni kakijiji Fulani hivi kalikochangamka..Africa safari yetu bado haijaanza kabisa

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[kidadari]

Ni ukweli usiopingika China wako juu kiteknolojia na wamejidhatiti kuzidi kuishangaza dunia Kwa uvumbuzi mpya wa kiteknolojia kila kukicha

Huwa naangalia ZBC kipindi cha AMAZING CHINA,jamaa wamejipanga kisawasawa kiteknolojia na kiuchumi.Nikitoka kuangalia hiki kipindi kisha nikaanza kuvinjari viunga vya jiji la Dar es salaam nadiriki Kusema Dar ni kakijiji Fulani hivi kalikochangamka..Africa safari yetu bado haijaanza kabisa

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Marekani pumzi imekata kumrudisha nyuma China ni suala gumu sana

 

[mkorinto]

Marekani pumzi imekata kumrudisha nyuma China ni suala gumu sana

China wako vyema kweli kweli,ila kusema marekani pumzi imekata bado ni uongo.

Wenyewe wachina hawakubali kwamba tayari wanatosha, kuvimbiana na yeyote.maana madhara ni makubwa.

 

[raiswenu]

Marekani akapambane na waarabu, ndio anaowamudu

 

[chizcom]

China juzi naye katuma roboti sayari ya mars kufika tu limeshindwa kufanya kazi.

Tuje kwenye mada

Tafati nyingi zipo Ulaya na Marekani au tuseme main source.

Kwa sababu wenzetu kuzarau hawana hata kiwe cha uongo kitafanyiwa kazi mpaka kiwe cha ukweli.

Mfano leo ukisema mtungi wa gesi ufanane na betri ya simu basi utafanyiwa tafiti mpaka kieleweke.

Wenzetu kwenye bajeti wapo vizuri ndio maana unaona wanafanikiwa.

Tatizo linakuja pale zikimalizika tafiti zinakuwa wazi na kuingizwa kwenye elimu.

Hapa inakuwa rahisi wale wa free kitonga kama Mchina copy and paste kumalizia

 

[FRANCIS DA DON]

Maji lazima yafuate mkondo (mto) hadi yatakapo-achieve level stability (bahari), utayachelewesha, ila hutayazuia.

 

[S V Surovikin]

Kila siku nasema China ni kimbunga kisichozuilika ambacho kinazidi kupata nguvu kila sekunde!

Bado muda kitambo kidogo tu kimbunga hiki kitabeba kila kitu

 

[sky soldier]

Sera za Trump zilichochea makampuni kuanza kuhamia Marekani, Biden kaingia kapangua kila kitu, Kapangua mikakati ya Afghanistan matokeo yake kaijenga Taliban kuwa imara zaidi pale walipowachia silaha za mamia ya matrilioni, kafungua mipaka kwa maharamia, kulazimisha kila mtu achanjwe, n.k

 

[Super Msouth]

Badala ya kuwa business partner wanatengeneza competitor hawajajifunza kilichotokea kwenye suala la space station

 

[Young fadson]

Mbaya zaidi hata huo mpango wa kuanza hatujawahi kua nao

 

[Smart911]

Wachina they are everywhere...

 

[kizaizai]

Naona Vietnam akineemeka.

 

[zithromax]

China ilivumbua nini hebu taja

Unàanzaje kuzaru uchina ili hali 80% ya vitu unavyo miliki vinatoka china .hata cm uiliyotumia kupost made from China

 

[Imeloa]

China ni watu wa Intellectual Property Theft na kufanya Reverse Engeering kwa uvumbuzi wa wazungu.

China hana technology ila yeye anaagiza tu na kuiba teknolojia za wengine ndio maana kimsingi bidhaa zake hazina nembo ya ubora (Name for Quality) na hazina (Warranty) na ndio sababu hata bei zake hua ni za chini.

China hawakuweza kuinuka kiuchumi kabla ya kupata wawekezaji kutoka nje na hasa nchi za magharibi na Japan na ndio maana soko lao kubwa linapatikana kwenye hizo nchi.

Lakini ukweli ni kwamba uwekezaji huo umekosekana sana kwa miaka ya karibuni hali ambayo imepelekea uchumi wa China kuanza kudorora baada ya makampuni mbalimbali yaliyokuwa yamewekeza huko kuanza kuhamia nchi zingine.

 

[Kavirondo]

CHINA VS USA..
Wagombanapo mafahari wawili..

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[Bukyanagandi]

Mataifa ya magharibi yanajisubuwa - yamekwisha chelewa, hivi sasa China hashikiki tena kamwe - yatasemwa mengi ya kujaribu kuwaribia sifa Wachina lakini watu weledi na wenye macho hawa ambiwi Tazama. Miaka mitano ijayo China itakuwa inaingoza kiuchumi Duniani, kama watu bado wanafikiri Uchina inakaribia kuipiku Amerika kiuchumi kwa bahati mbaya basi watu wenye fikira potofu kama hizo wanapaswa kujifikiria mara mbili.

 

[Super Msouth]

China ni watu wa Intellectual Property Theft na kufanya Reverse Engeering kwa uvumbuzi wa wazungu.

China hana technology ila yeye anaagiza tu na kuiba teknolojia za wengine ndio maana kimsingi bidhaa zake hazina nembo ya ubora (Name for Quality) na hazina (Warranty) na ndio sababu hata bei zake hua ni za chini.

China hawakuweza kuinuka kiuchumi kabla ya kupata wawekezaji kutoka nje na hasa nchi za magharibi na Japan na ndio maana soko lao kubwa linapatikana kwenye hizo nchi.

Lakini ukweli ni kwamba uwekezaji huo umekosekana sana kwa miaka ya karibuni hali ambayo imepelekea uchumi wa China kuanza kudorora baada ya makampuni mbalimbali yaliyokuwa yamewekeza huko kuanza kuhamia nchi zingine.

Nini kudorora? Acha ushabiki ongea uhalisia

 

[Bukyanagandi]

China ni watu wa Intellectual Property Theft na kufanya Reverse Engeering kwa uvumbuzi wa wazungu.

China hana technology ila yeye anaagiza tu na kuiba teknolojia za wengine ndio maana kimsingi bidhaa zake hazina nembo ya ubora (Name for Quality) na hazina (Warranty) na ndio sababu hata bei zake hua ni za chini.

China hawakuweza kuinuka kiuchumi kabla ya kupata wawekezaji kutoka nje na hasa nchi za magharibi na Japan na ndio maana soko lao kubwa linapatikana kwenye hizo nchi.

Lakini ukweli ni kwamba uwekezaji huo umekosekana sana kwa miaka ya karibuni hali ambayo imepelekea uchumi wa China kuanza kudorora baada ya makampuni mbalimbali yaliyokuwa yamewekeza huko kuanza kuhamia nchi zingine.

Kinacho nishangaza mimi ni kuona baadhi ya third World ku-emulate propaganda chafu za nchi za magharibi kuhusu Uchina - joining blindly western driven band wagon of demonizing China kwa kuwa inakuja juu kiuchumi na kijeshi badala ya nchi za magharibi ku-compete na Wachina kiuchumi na kijeshi badala yake wamepania kuihujumu China.

Hivi wewe kwa mfano unaweza kutupatia takwimu za kuaminka zinazo dhilisha kwamba uchumi wa China umeanza kuporomoka/zorota wakati Uchumi wa washindani wao unapaa, sio mnatuletea propaganda kutoka MSM media,notably: Reuters, BBC,CNN,FoxNews,NYT and like mind, repeating western dirty campaign to the letter, please revisit your comments herein about China utagunduwa kwamba intonations zako/zenu kuhusu Taifa la Uchina hazina tofauti na misimamo ya utawala wa Merikani na Uingereza, actually one gets an impression kwamba mnacopy na ku-paste handouts mnazo patiwa kutoka Whitehouse au Whitehall/Westminster/ Number ten Downing Street. Please clarify hivi wewe binafsi Wachina wanakukwaza nini kimaisha au wapi waliwahi kukwaza Taifa lako - ya nini bwana!!!

Kwa taarifa yako Uchina ilisha jipanga vizuri muda mrefu jinsi ya ku-absorb Tsunami zote za kuhujumiwa na washindani wao bila ya kuteteleka, ndio maana uchumi wake including ujenzi wa viwanda vipya, infrastructures nyingine lukuki, sayansi na teknilojia, R&D nk vinaongezeka kwa kasi ya kutisha bila kusahau ongezeko la nguvu za kijeshi nk - actually come 2030 China ndio itakuwa inaongoza Duniani kiuchumi kwa kuipiku Merikani, takwimu za Umoja wa Mataifa zinaonyesha hivi sasa Uchina ndio inaongoza Duniani kiuchumi in terms of PPP, tangu miaka mitano iliyopita.

Mataifa ya magharibi specifically the USA ambayo imepania kuihujumu Uchina kiuchumi na ikiwezekana kijeshi,pia Merikani inawashinikiza washiriki wake kuichukia Uchina ili waihujumu katika nyanja zote za kiuchumi ikiwezekana na kijeshi,wamechanganyikiwa kweli kweli kuhusu kasi ya maendeleo ya taifa la Uchina.

Binafsi sioni kama watafanikiwa kuirudisha nyuma China kimaendeleo, after all China ndio soko kubwa la bidhaa zinazo zalishwa kutoka mataifa ya magharibi - mfano viwanda vya kuzalisha semiconductors huko Silicon Valley California na Wakulima wa soya beans na ngano vyote vinategemea soko kubwa la Uchina ili visitawi na kuzalisha ajira - hivi sasa wamiliki wa viwanda vya huko Merikani na wakulima wamemshikiza Biden abembeleze Serikali ya Uchina ili ianze kununua kwa mara nyingine tena product na produce za Kimerikani, hiyo ni mifano michache ya kudhilisha kwamba regardless of western Political rhetoric they still cannot do without China - like it or not up2them.